KERAGAMAN SPESIES PALA (Myristica spp.) MALUKU UTARA BERDASARKAN PENANDA MORFOLOGI DAN AGRONOMI

ABSTRAK Pala merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia dan informasi keragaman- nya masih terbatas. Keragaman spesies dan varietas pala penting untuk dievaluasi sebagai dasar tindakan konservasi. Keragaman varietas dan spesies pala dapat dievaluasi dengan mengamati keragaman morfologi dan fenotipe di lapangan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman fenotipik di antara aksesi pala dan mengevaluasi pengelompokan intra dan inter spesies pala dari Maluku Utara. Populasi pohon pala yang berumur minimal 15 tahun dari Tidore dan Patani, Halmahera Tengah, Maluku Utara digunakan dalam penelitian. Aksesi yang digunakan terdiri atas spesies Myristica fragrans, Myristica fatua, Myristica argentea, Myristica succedane, dan sejumlah aksesi yang tidak diketahui nama spesiesnya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan aksesi pala dari Patani dan Tidore menunjukkan variasi yang tinggi dalam bentuk buah, warna buah tua, dan bentuk biji. Hanya aksesi pala asal Tidore yang menunjukkan variasi dalam bobot fuli. Dendogram yang dibuat berdasarkan karakter fenotipe menjelaskan aksesi pala yang dianalisis ke dalam empat kelompok pada indeks kesamaan 70%. Kelompok pertama terdiri atas dua aksesi M. fatua dan satu aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Tidore serta satu aksesi M. fragrans. Kelompok kedua terdiri atas dua aksesi M. argentea dan dua aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Tidore serta satu aksesi M. succedanea dari Patani. Kelompok ketiga terdiri atas tiga aksesi M. argentea dan enam aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Patani. Kelompok keempat terdiri atas dua aksesi M. fragrans dari Tidore. Kata kunci : Myristica spp., keragaman fenotipik, spesies pala, analisis pengelompokan, hubungan kekerabatan ABSTRACT Nutmeg is native to Indonesia and information about its diversities are limited. Species and varietal diversities are important to be evaluated for conservation purposes of this crop. Nutmeg species and varietal diversities could be assessed by observing morphological and phenotypic variabilities in the field. The objectives of this research were to assess phenotypic variabilities among nutmeg accessions of North Moluccas and evaluate intra and inter specific clustering of nutmeg accessions in the regions. At least fifteen years old provenances of nutmeg population at Tidore and Patani, Central Halmahera, North Moluccas were used in this experiment. The accessions consisted of Myristica fragrans, Myristica fatua, Myristica argentea, Myristica succedane, and a number of unknown nutmeg species. Nutmeg accessions from Patani and Tidore showed wide variabilities in fruit shape, mature fruit color, and seed shape. While only nutmeg accessions from Tidore showed variabilities in mace weight. Dendogram constructed based on phenotypic character grouped the nutmeg accessions into four groups at 70% similarity index. The first group consisted of two accessions M. fatua and one unknown nutmeg species from Tidore and M. fragrans from Patani. The second group consisted of two accessions of M. argentea and two unknown nutmeg species from Tidore and one accessions of M. succedanea from Patani. The third group consisted of only M. argentea and six unknown nutmeg species from Patani. The fourth group consisted of two M. fragrans assessions from Tidore. Key words : Phenotypic diversity, nutmeg species, clustering analysis, kinship relationships, Indonesian nutmeg

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Quararibea bovinii (Malvaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860202172015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Daniel Miranda Ferreira

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Floral Morphology ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

New Taxon ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Seed Shape ◽

A New Species

Abstract In the present study, I propose a new species, Quararibea bovinii, an Atlantic Forest tree. The new taxon occurs in southeastern Brazil, in the states of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. It resembles Q. similis in terms of floral morphology and fruit shape, but it is distinguished by the indumenta of leaves, leaf width, and seed shape.

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Tomato Phenotypic Diversity Determined by Combined Approaches of Conventional and High-Throughput Tomato Analyzer Phenotyping

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9020197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amol N. Nankar ◽

Ivanka Tringovska ◽

Stanislava Grozeva ◽

Daniela Ganeva ◽

Dimitrina Kostova

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Shape Index ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Correlation Networks ◽

Vegetative Traits ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shape And Size ◽

Tomato Analyzer

Morphological variation in vegetative and fruit traits is a key determinant in unraveling phenotypic diversity. This study was designed to assess phenotypic diversity in tomatoes and examine intra- and intervarietal groups’ variability using 28 conventional descriptors (CDs) and 47 Tomato Analyzer (TA) descriptors related to plant and fruit morphometry. Comprehensive phenotyping of 150 accessions representing 21 countries discerned noticeable variability for CD vegetative traits and TA quantified fruit features, such as shape, size, and color. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the accessions into 10 distinct classes based on fruit shape and size. Multivariate analysis was used to assess divergence in variable traits among populations. Eight principal components with an eigenvalue >1 were identified by factor analysis, which contributed 87.5% variation to the total cumulative variance with the first two components contributing 32.0% and 18.1% variance, respectively. The relationship between vegetative and fruit descriptors was explained by respective CD and TA correlation networks. There was a strong positive correlation between fruit shape and size whereas negative correlations were between fruit shape index, internal eccentricity, and proximal end shape. The combined approach of CD and TA phenotyping allowed us to unravel the phenotypic diversity of vegetative and reproductive trait variation evaluated at pre- and post-harvest stages.

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Inheritance of mature fruit color in Capsicum annuum L.

Journal of Heredity ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110070 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 211-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Humberto Hurtado-Hernandez ◽

Paul G. Smith

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Mature Fruit ◽

Capsicum Annuum L

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Genetic divergence among pumpkin landraces

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p547 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 547 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rebeca Lourenço de Oliveira ◽

Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽

Rosana Rodrigues ◽

Viviane Yumi Baba ◽

Cláudia Pombo Sudré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Northern Region ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Group Method ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative

Estimating the genetic variability in germplasm collections is important not only for conserving genetic resources, but also for plant breeding purposes. However, generating a large number of different categories data (qualitative and quantitative) often complicate the analysis and results interpretation, resulting in an incomplete distinction of accessions. This study reports the characterization and evaluation of 14 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) accessions collected from farms in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state. Genetic diversity among accessions was also estimated using qualitative and quantitative variables considering joint analysis. The plants were grown under field conditions in a randomized block design with three replications and six plants per plot. Eight qualitative traits (leaf size; seed shape; seed color; color of the fruit pulp; hollow; fruit shape; skin color, and fruit skin texture) and eight quantitative traits (fruit weight; fruit length; fruit diameter; soluble solids, 100 seed weight, and wall thickness measured in the middle and in the lower stem) were evaluated. The data were analyzed considering the Gower distance, and cluster analysis was performed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Variability among accessions was observed considering morphoagronomic data. The Gower distance together with UPGMA cluster allowed for good discrimination between accessions in the groups, demonstrating that the simultaneous analysis of qualitative and quantitative data is feasible and may increase the understanding of the variation among accessions.

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Seed Shape Diversity in families of the Order Ranunculales

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.425.4.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 425 (4) ◽

pp. 193-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JOSÈ JAVIER MARTÍN-GÓMEZ ◽

AGNIESZKA REWICZ ◽

EMILIO CERVANTES

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Life Style ◽

Lotus Japonicus ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Plant Structure ◽

Seed Shape ◽

The Third ◽

Taxonomic Groups

Seed shape in the order Ranunculales is described with the objective of characterizing the morphological seed types in the families of this order and to establish a correlation between seed shape, plant structure and life style. Based on previous work in model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula), we have used the J index to estimate the percentage of similarity of the image of a seed with a geometric shape. The images of seeds of model plants resemble cardioid or cardioid-derived models, while seeds from other species with rapid life cycles resemble other, also simple geometrical figures. In general, seed shape may help establishing the relationships between taxonomic groups. Three types of seed morphology are distinguished in the Ranunculales based on values of J index. In the first type, seeds in the Berberidaceae, Euptelaceae and Lardizabalaceae, adjust well to an oval. The second type, seeds in the Papaveraceae, adjust well to the cardioid model, and the third type, seeds in the Ranunculaceae, adjust well to diverse geometric shapes, including the oval, truncated cardioid, Fibonacci spiral and ellipse. In the Ranunculales, seed shape is varied and often related to geometrical figures. The presence of cardioid derived models in the Papaveraceae supports our hypothesis that seeds resembling the cardioid are frequent in plants with rapid life cycles.Ranunculales

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A Structured Approach to Identify Styles in Designs

Volume 7: 9th International Conference on Design Education; 24th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology ◽

10.1115/detc2012-70717 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Tian Chan ◽

Jürgen Mihm ◽

Manuel Sosa

Keyword(s):

Clustering Analysis ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Positive Association ◽

Large Set ◽

Patent Data ◽

Hierarchical Tree ◽

The Usa ◽

Design Style ◽

Structured Approach

This paper introduces a structured approach, based on clustering analysis, to identify groups of visually similar designs (and potentially members of a design style) in a large set of unique designs. We implemented our approach on the population of design patents filed in the USA during the 1976–2010 period. Design patent data is used in our analysis for two reasons: (1) claims of design patents concern the visual aspects of classes of artifacts; (2) similarity between design patents is captured through a tightly controlled citation process. The cluster analysis is based on constructing a similarity index across all pairs of design patents, followed by applying a divisive graph clustering algorithm to organize design patents into a hierarchical tree. Identified clusters of potentially visually similar design patents are tested for positive association against other grouping criteria that are expected to contain similar designs such as design patents filed by the same designer, design patents filed by the same firm, and design patents assigned to the same patent class category. We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of the emergence and evolution of styles in design.

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Dimensional specific physical properties of fan palm fruits, seeds and seed coats (Washingtonia robusta)

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 301-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yalçın Coşkuner ◽

Ayşe Gökbudak

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Static Friction ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Physical Analysis ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Seed Coats ◽

Static Coefficient

Abstract In this study some physical properties of fan palm (Washingtonia robusta) fruits, seeds and seed coats were determined using dimensional, bulk and single kernel physical analysis. The moisture content of whole fruits, seeds and seed coats was 12.0, 9.86 and 13.87% (d.b.), respectively. The sphericity values showed that seed shape (0.86) is close to a sphere, similar as the fruit shape (0.83), both of which were close to a scalene ellipsoid shape. The surface area values of fruits and seeds were obtained as 163.27 and 80.25 mm2, and volume values were obtained as 190.96 and 66.32 mm3, respectively. Bulk densities of fruits, seeds and seed coats were 559, 783 and 272 kg m−3, and the corresponding true densities were 1143, 1147 and 864 kg m−3, whereas the corresponding porosities were 48.87, 54.12, and 31.52%, respectively. The values of the static coefficient of friction and the angle of repose of fruits, seeds and seed coats of palm fruits were studied on aluminium, canvas, galvanised iron, plywood, PP knitted bag, PVC and stainless steel surfaces. As expected, seed coat has higher values of coefficient of static friction on the all surfaces than fruit and seed.

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Evaluasi Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Cabai Hias (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB

Comm Horticulturae Journal ◽

10.29244/chj.1.1.54-62 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Kana Dau Sukmawati ◽

Muhamad Syukur ◽

Arya Widura Ritonga

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Stem Length ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Capsicum Annuum L

ABSTRACT Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commodity that has a high economic value and has been known and cultivated by people throughout the world. Ornamental chili pepper has aesthetic value as ornamental plants such as the round or long round fruits and the diversity of fruit colors. This study was conducted to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characters of 11 genotypes of ornamental chili pepper to obtain superior ornamental chili pepper varieties. The analyzed variables were the plant height, stem length, stem diameter, stem color, shortened internode, plant habitus, leaf shape, leaf color, leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering, corolla color, anther color, flower position, harvest date, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit pedicel length, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit shape at blossom end, fruit color, and anthocyanin coloration. This study was conducted in green house of the Cikabayan Experimental Garden and the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, from January to June 2018. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with one factor (genotipe) and four replicates. All genotypes evaluated had diverse quantitative and qualitative characters especially in the character of fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit color. The most preferred genotypes were Ayesha 1, Violeta, and Nazla. Ayesha 1 was favored because of its rounded fruit, interesting and quite varied fruit colors. Violeta and Nazla were prefered because of the purple fruits. Nazla was prefered as pot ornamental plants for its short plant and the convenience to take care. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L, genotipe, ornamental chili pepper Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan merupakan tanaman yang sudah dikenal dan dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Karakter cabai hias memiliki nilai estetika sebagai tanaman hias seperti bentuk buah yang umumnya bulat atau bulat panjang dan warna buah yang sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif 11 genotipe cabai hias untuk menghasilkan varietas cabai hias yang unggul. Karakter yang diamati terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, diameter batang, warna batang, pemendekan ruas, habitus tanaman, bentuk daun, warna daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, waktu munculnya bunga, warna mahkota bunga, warna anther, kedudukan bunga, umur panen buah, bobot buah, panjang buah, panjang tangkai buah, diameter buah, bentuk buah, bentuk pangkal buah, perubahan warna buah, dan pewarnaan antosianin. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2018. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan 4 kali ulangan. Semua genotipe yang dievalusi memiliki karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang beragam baik antar genotipe uji maupun dengan varietas pembanding, terutama pada karakter bobot buah, panjang buah, dan warna buah. Genotipe yang paling disukai adalah Ayesha 1, Violeta, dan Nazla. Ayesha 1 disukai karena bentuk buahnya yang membulat dan warna buahnya yang menarik dan beragam. Violeta dan Nazla disukai karena buahnya berwarna ungu. Nazla lebih disukai untuk tanaman hias pot karena perawakannya yang pendek dan memudahkan perawatan. Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum L., cabai hias, genotipe

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Fruit maturity and location identification of beef tomato using R-CNN and binocular imaging technology

Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization ◽

10.1007/s11694-021-01074-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kuang-Wen Hsieh ◽

Bo-Yu Huang ◽

Kai-Ze Hsiao ◽

Yu-Hao Tuan ◽

Fu-Pang Shih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Object Detection ◽

Binocular Vision ◽

Average Error ◽

Mature Fruit ◽

The Third ◽

Bounding Box ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Image Capturing ◽

Measured Position ◽

Actual Size

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the maturity and position of tomatoes in greenhouse. Three parts have been included in this study: building the model of image capturing and object detection, position identification of mature fruits and prediction of the size of the mature fruits. For the first part, image capturing in different time and object detection will be conducted in the greenhouse for identification of mature fruits. For the second part, the relative 3D position of the mature fruits calculated by the binocular vision was compared with the actual measured position. For the third part, the size of the bounding box from the object detection was compared with the actual size of the mature fruit, and the correlation was calculated in order to pre-adjust the width of the gripper for plucking operation in the future. The precision and the recall of the mature fruits of this study are over 95%. The average error of the 3D position is 0.5 cm. The actual size of the fruits and the R-squared of the size of the bounding box are over 0.9.

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1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Application Influences Citrus Juice Color and Vitamin C Concentration in Postharvest Storage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.816b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 816B-816

Author(s):

Huating Dou* ◽

Gary A. Coates

Keyword(s):

Quality Management ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Grapefruit Juice ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Citrus Juice ◽

The Third

Influence of 1-MCP application in citrus fruit juice color and vitamin C concentration was determined for `Fallglo' tangerines, `Valencia' oranges, and white `Marsh' grapefruit. MCP was applied at 500 μL·L-1 for `Fallglo', and 1000 μL·L-1 for `Valencia' oranges and `Marsh' grapefruit at 75 °F for 7 hours in a container of 3' × 3' × 3.5' dimension. After three months storage at 40 °F and 93% relative humidity, vitamin C concentration in juice (mg/100 mL) was higher in MCP treated than non-treated `Valencia' oranges (37.1 vs. 30.6) and `Fallglo' tangerines (26.9 vs. 24.0). No difference was found in vitamin C concentration from `Marsh' grapefruit juice either treated (27.9) or non-treated (28.7) with MCP. Forty percent of vitamin C concentration was lost from one month after packing to the third month in storage for white `Marsh' grapefruit. Vitamin C loss was much slower for tangerines in comparison to grapefruit in postharvest. Juice color was not influenced by the MCP application for `Valencia' oranges while Hue and Chroma were improved in treated fruits for `Fallglo' tangerines and `Marsh' grapefruit compared to non-treated fruits. Applying MCP before degreening reduced vitamin C degradation 6 weeks after packing but not at 12 weeks for `Fallglo' tangerines. However, fruit color was improved at 6 and 12 weeks of storage. These results are important for postharvest quality management of citrus fruit and juice.

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