scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nurasiah Djaenuddin ◽  
Amran Muis
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Pantoea Stewartii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Boundaries

<p>Maize is one of the most important worldwide agricultural crops that their seed is considered a valuable international trading item. The seeds are mainly originated from United States, where the world most intensive development of new varieties occurs. Pantoea stewartii is a pathogenic bacteria of maize that occurs primarily in the US. Stewart wilt disease in maize caused by the bacterium Pantoea stewartii is become a new disease of maize in Indonesia. The stewart wilt disease was first reported in West Sumatra with the disease incidence of 1−15%. This paper discusses the epidemiology and control efforts of the bacterial stewart wilt disease in maize. Stewart wilt disease is a seed borne disease and it can transmitted by insect vector Chaetocnema pulicaria. P. stewartii has a wide host range including maize plant. In addition to maize plants, the pathogen also attacks sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, green beans, cucumbers, and several types of grasses. The abundant availability and wide range of its hosts, allows the pathogen to easily find the host to survive and develop. P. stewartii attacks maize in all stages of plant growth. The emergence of this disease on maize plant is mainly due to imported seeds from outside of Indonesia. Seed is the most suitable carrier media for pathogens to spread across its natural boundaries. One of the efforts to prevent the outbreak of the disease in Indonesia is to control its insect vectors. Several efforts that can be done to control the disease are environmental sanitation and by chemical pesticides with active ingredient such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin.</p><p>Keywords: Maize, Pantoea stewartii, host plant, seed treatment</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan dan pakan penting dunia dan benihnya diperdagangkan secara internasional. Volume tertinggi perdagangan benih jagung berasal dari Amerika Serikat yang merupakan negara penghasil utama varietas unggul baru jagung di dunia. Pantoea stewartii adalah bakteri patogenik penting pada tanaman jagung, khususnya di Amerika Serikat. Penyakit layu stewart pada tanaman jagung disebabkan oleh bakteri Pantoea stewartii yang merupakan penyakit baru di Indonesia. Penyakit ini pertama kali dilaporkan di Sumatera Barat dengan insidensi 1−15%. Makalah ini membahas epidemiologi dan upaya pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri stewart pada tanaman jagung. Penyakit layu stewart merupakan penyakit tular benih dan tular serangga melalui vektor Chaetocnema pulicaria. P. stewartii memiliki inang yang luas, termasuk tebu, sorgum, gandum, kacang hijau, mentimun, dan beberapa jenis rumput-rumputan. Melimpahnya ketersediaan inang menjadikan patogen ini mudah dan cepat berkembang. Penyakit layu bakteri stewart pada tanaman jagung dapat berasal dari benih impor. Benih merupakan media pembawa penyakit yang paling efektif dan menyebar luas dengan melintasi batas alaminya. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah wabah penyakit layu stewart ialah mengendalikan serangga vektor. Sanitasi lingkungan dan penggunaan pestisida berbahan aktif imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dan clothianidin merupakan alternatif pengendalian.</p><p>Kata kunci: Jagung, Pantoea stewartii, tanaman inang, perlakuan benih</p>

scholarly journals Exploration of the Quorum-Quenching Mechanism in Pseudomonas nitroreducens W-7 and Its Potential to Attenuate the Virulence of Dickeya zeae EC1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Xinghui Fan ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
Tian Ye ◽  
Sandhya Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Pseudomonas Nitroreducens ◽  
Wide Range

Quorum quenching (QQ) is a novel, promising strategy that opens up a new perspective for controlling quorum-sensing (QS)-mediated bacterial pathogens. QQ is performed by interfering with population-sensing systems, such as by the inhibition of signal synthesis, catalysis of degrading enzymes, and modification of signals. In many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, a class of chemically conserved signaling molecules named N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) have been widely studied. AHLs are involved in the modulation of virulence factors in various bacterial pathogens including Dickeya zeae. Dickeya zeae is the causal agent of plant-rot disease of bananas, rice, maize, potatoes, etc., causing enormous economic losses of crops. In this study, a highly efficient AHL-degrading bacterial strain W-7 was isolated from activated-sludge samples and identified as Pseudomonas nitroreducens. Strain W-7 revealed a superior ability to degrade N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) and completely degraded 0.2 mmol/L of OdDHL within 48 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified N-cyclohexyl-propanamide as the main intermediate metabolite during AHL biodegradation. A metabolic pathway for AHL in strain W-7 was proposed based on the chemical structure of AHL and intermediate products. In addition to the degradation of OdDHL, this strain was also found to be capable of degrading a wide range of AHLs including N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OHHL), N-(3-oxooctanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OOHL), and N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (HHL). Moreover, the application of strain W-7 as a biocontrol agent could substantially attenuate the soft rot caused by D. zeae EC1 to suppress tissue maceration in various host plants. Similarly, the application of crude enzymes of strain W-7 significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity in host plants. These original findings unveil the biochemical aspects of a highly efficient AHL-degrading bacterial isolate and provide useful agents that exhibit great potential for the control of infectious diseases caused by AHL-dependent bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO INCITED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI (FOL) IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING AREAS OF KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplemenet 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vignesh ◽  
K. Rajamohan ◽  
P. Balabaskar ◽  
R. Anandan ◽  
R. Udhayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Tomato is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. It is affected by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among these Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causes 30-40% yield loss. A survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in ten major tomato growing areas of Krishnagiri district. The occurrence of wilt disease incidence ranged from 18 % to 49% was noticed. Plant showing typical symptoms were taken from 10 fields and identified based on symptom appearance as well as morphological characteristics. The result of the survey revealed that wide range of infection and severity of wilt disease were occurred in the major tomato growing areas in Krishnagiri district. Isolation of the pathogen associated with tomato wilt was made from the diseased tissues in roots and collar region of the plant on the Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Fol3 recorded the maximum wilt incidence followed by Fol4 and the minimum wilt incidence was recorded by Fol6 . The pathogenicity of the fungal pathogen was also proved after artificial inoculation of the tomato seedlings

scholarly journals Complete Genome Assembly of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii DC283, a Corn Pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy An Duong ◽  
Ann M. Stevens ◽  
Roderick V. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pantoea Stewartii ◽  
Stewart's Wilt

ABSTRACT The phytopathogen Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii DC283 causes Stewart’s wilt disease in corn after transmission from the corn flea beetle insect vector. Here, we report that the complete annotated genome of P. stewartii DC283 has been fully assembled into one circular chromosome, 10 circular plasmids, and one linear phage.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KETERJADIAN PENYAKIT LAYU STEWART PADA BENIH DAN RESPON BEBERAPA VARIETAS JAGUNG TERHADAP INFEKSI Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haliatur Rahma ◽  
Meity S Sinaga ◽  
Memen Surahman ◽  
Giyanto Giyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Pantoea Stewartii ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Stewart's Wilt

Disease incidence of Stewart’s wilt on the seed and response of several maize varieties to Pantoea stewartii subp. stewartii. Stewart’s wilt disease of maize is caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii.  This bacterium is seed-borne pathogens, when attacked maize caused yield lost 40-100%.  The objective of this research was to detemine the incidence level of stewart’s wilt disease, growth of some varieties of maize and their response to stewart’s wilt pathogens Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii.  The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Bacteriology and Greenhouse Cikabayan IPB from November 2011 to March 2012. In experiment I, nineteen samples of maize were used for symptom test  in the maize seedling stage, using Randomized Block Design with three replications. Experiment II used a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors: maize varieties (8 hybrids varieties, 3 open pollinated varieties, and 7 sweet corn varieties) and bacteria isolates  (BGR 2, BGR 4, BGR 28, BGR7 and PSM 27), with three replications. The results showed in experiment I, the incidence of stewart’s wilt disease ranged 2.00 – 15.33%, germination and vigor index of maize seed were 68.00 – 95.33% and 55.33 – 90.67% respectively.  While in experiment II, hybrid and open pollinated of maize varieties were resistant to moderately susceptible   while all sweet corn varieties were susceptible to infection of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii.

scholarly journals One-step preparation of antimicrobial silicone materials based on PDMS and salicylic acid: insights from spatially and temporally resolved techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Barbieri ◽  
Ioritz Sorzabal Bellido ◽  
Alison J. Beckett ◽  
Ian A. Prior ◽  
Jo Fothergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One Step

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a one-step strategy that is suitable for continuous flow manufacturing of antimicrobial PDMS materials. The process is based on the intrinsic capacity of PDMS to react to certain organic solvents, which enables the incorporation of antimicrobial actives such as salicylic acid (SA), which has been approved for use in humans within pharmaceutical products. By combining different spectroscopic and imaging techniques, we show that the surface properties of PDMS remain unaffected while high doses of the SA are loaded inside the PDMS matrix. The SA can be subsequently released under physiological conditions, delivering a strong antibacterial activity. Furthermore, encapsulation of SA inside the PDMS matrix ensured a diffusion-controlled release that was tracked by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance IR (ATR-IR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The biological activity of the new material was evaluated directly at the surface and in the planktonic state against model pathogenic bacteria, combining confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and cell viability assays. The results showed complete planktonic inhibition for clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude for viable sessile cells, demonstrating the efficacy of these surfaces in preventing the initial stages of biofilm formation. Our approach adds a new option to existing strategies for the antimicrobial functionalisation of a wide range of products such as catheters, wound dressings and in-dwelling medical devices based on PDMS.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽  
Anan Safwat ◽  
Rana Nofal ◽  
Amera Elsayed ◽  
Salsabil Makky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Food safety is very important in the food industry as most pathogenic bacteria can cause food-borne diseases and negatively affect public health. In the milk industry, contamination with Salmonella has always been a challenge, but the risks have dramatically increased as almost all bacteria now show resistance to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage to be used as a bactericidal agent against Salmonella in milk and dairy products. Here, phage ZCSE6 has been isolated from raw milk sample sand molecularly and chemically characterized. At different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001, the phage–Salmonella interaction was studied for 6 h at 37 °C and 24 h at 8 °C. In addition, ZCSE6 was tested against Salmonella contamination in milk to examine its lytic activity for 3 h at 37 °C. The results showed that ZCSE6 has a small genome size (<48.5 kbp) and belongs to the Siphovirus family. Phage ZCSE6 revealed a high thermal and pH stability at various conditions that mimic milk manufacturing and supply chain conditions. It also demonstrated a significant reduction in Salmonella concentration in media at various MOIs, with higher bacterial eradication at higher MOI. Moreover, it significantly reduced Salmonella growth (MOI 1) in milk, manifesting a 1000-fold decrease in bacteria concentration following 3 h incubation at 37 °C. The results highlighted the strong ability of ZCSE6 to kill Salmonella and control its growth in milk. Thus, ZCSE6 is recommended as a biocontrol agent in milk to limit bacterial growth and increase the milk shelf-life.

scholarly journals The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Razieh VALIASILL ◽  
Majid AZIZI ◽  
Maasome BAHREINI ◽  
Hossein AROUIE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector and the host tree: A role in pine wilt disease?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. e12564
Author(s):  
Marta Salgueiro Alves ◽  
Anabela Pereira ◽  
Cláudia Vicente ◽  
Manuel Mota ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Pine Wilt

scholarly journals Translating surveillance data into incidence estimates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoann Bourhis ◽  
Timothy R. Gottwald ◽  
Frank van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Sampling Series ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Incidence Estimation

AbstractMonitoring a population for a disease requires the hosts to be sampled and tested for the pathogen. This results in sampling series from which to estimate the disease incidence,i.e. the proportion of hosts infected. Existing estimation methods assume that disease incidence is not changing between monitoring rounds, resulting in underestimation of the disease incidence. In this paper we develop an incidence estimation model accounting for epidemic growth with monitoring rounds sampling varying incidence. We also show how to accommodate the asymptomatic period characteristic to most diseases. For practical use, we produce an approximation of the model, which is subsequently shown accurate for relevant epidemic and sampling parameters. Both the approximation and the full model are applied to stochastic spatial simulations of epidemics. The results prove their consistency for a very wide range of situations.

scholarly journals Endophytic Bacteria from Faloak Plant Seed (Sterculia comosa Wallich) as Antibacterial Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-552
Author(s):  
Maria Yasinta Moi ◽  
Endang Kusdiyantini ◽  
Sri Pujiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Screening Result

Endophytic bacteria isolated from some various kind of plants are able to yield some active compounds which have a role as an antibacterial compound. This work aimed to isolate and to screen the Endophytic bacteria from Faloak seed in its charge in inhibiting two kinds of pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. There were six isolates of Endophytic bacteria isolated in this work. According to the screening result, one isolate which had the most potential antibacterial activity (marked by the formation of inhibition zone) against S. aureus and E. coli. That most potential isolate was then tested and identified for both biochemical properties and molecular 16S rRNA gene. The result of this study showed that the endophytic bacteria isolate of Faloak seed with the code of S1 had the similarity with Enterobacter xiangfangensis strain 10-17 by 93 %. The research about endophytic bacteria of Faloak plants was never conducted before. Thus this research was expected to give information about the potential of antimicrobial ability Faloak plants which can be utilized in the discovery of new antibiotic compounds which in the future are expected to overcome the problem of microorganism resistance to antibiotics. The use of endophytic bacteria is expected to prevents the extinction of Faloak plants due to excessive use.

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