Personal Epistemic and Learning Approaches as Predictors of Pre-service Teachers use of Strategies to Counter Cognitive Dissonance from Supervisor Feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-89
Author(s):  
Oyebode Stephen Oyetoro ◽  
Bosede Abimbola Adesina ◽  
Tolulope Segun Eyebiokin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study investigated how epistemic and learning approaches of pre-service teachers (PRESETs) in Obafemi Awolowo University, Southwestern Nigeria, predict their use of strategies to counteract cognitive dissonance arising from incongruent feedback from supervisors. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 192 PRESETs in the third and fourth year of their teacher training. Findings revealed that the PRESETs possessed sophisticated personal epistemic approaches and utilised the deep approach to learning more than the surface approach. It was also revealed that the PRESETs are likely to utilise multiple strategies to counteract cognitive dissonance that may arise from conflicting feedback from university assigned supervisors during teaching practice. Findings revealed a function with coefficients as follows: deep approach (0.78), simple knowledge (0.21), surface approach (0.22), innate ability (-0.015), quick learning (-0.09), omniscient authority (0.17) and certain knowledge (0.24). The structure was maximised for 77% of PRESETs with high use of strategies to counteract dissonance arising from incongruent supervisors’ feedback; 36.7% and 67.6% of PRESETs with moderate and low dissonance reduction strategy users respectively. The conclusion reached was that teacher educators and other stakeholders should be made aware of these findings. Also, these findings should be incorporated in the implementation of course contents on sources of cognitive dissonances during teaching practice and how to counter them.

scholarly journals STUDENT'S CONCEPTS OF AND APPROACHES TO LEARNING AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-632
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Alkhateeb ◽  
Osamah Abdel Qader Bani Milhem
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Surface Approach To Learning

The study attempted to characterize students’ conceptions of learning and approaches to learning and revealing the correlation between the students’ concepts and approaches to learning. The researchers used qualitative content analysis and a descriptive approach. The study population comprised 90 male and female students of the Faculty of Educational Science in the HU University, Jordan, during the 2019/2020 academic year. The quantitative concepts were dominating among students (87.77%), especially the concept of learning as a knowledge increase (33.33%). On the other hand, the qualitative concepts of learning were low (12.22%), especially on the person change (2.22%). In addition, there was an emergence of a new concept of learning outside the traditional concepts, namely learning as exam preparation. The results showed that the deep approach to learning was low, and the surface approach to learning was high. The results further showed a correlation between the quantitative concepts of learning and the surface approach to learning, as well as a correlation between the qualitative concepts of learning the deep approach to learning. Hence, the general conclusion implies that if teachers are to place learners at the heart of the learning process, they must be aware of the concepts of learning and learning approaches of the students.

scholarly journals Calculus Self-Efficacy Inventory: Its Development and Relationship with Approaches to learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf F. Zakariya ◽  
Simon Goodchild ◽  
Kirsten Bjørkestøl ◽  
Hans K. Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Economics Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Surface Approach To Learning

This study was framed within a quantitative research methodology to develop a concise measure of calculus self-efficacy with high psychometric properties. A survey research design was adopted in which 234 engineering and economics students rated their confidence in solving year-one calculus tasks on a 15-item inventory. The results of a series of exploratory factor analyses using minimum rank factor analysis for factor extraction, oblique promin rotation, and parallel analysis for retaining extracted factors revealed a one-factor solution of the model. The final 13-item inventory was unidimensional with all eigenvalues greater than 0.42, an average communality of 0.74, and a 62.55% variance of the items being accounted for by the latent factor, i.e., calculus self-efficacy. The inventory was found to be reliable with an ordinal coefficient alpha of 0.90. Using Spearman’ rank coefficient, a significant positive correlation ρ ( 95 ) =   0.27 ,   p <   0.05 (2-tailed) was found between the deep approach to learning and calculus self-efficacy, and a negative correlation ρ ( 95 ) =   − 0.26 ,   p <   0.05 (2-tailed) was found between the surface approach to learning and calculus self-efficacy. These suggest that students who adopt the deep approach to learning are confident in dealing with calculus exam problems while those who adopt the surface approach to learning are less confident in solving calculus exam problems.

scholarly journals Learning Approaches of Undergraduate Computer Technology Students: Strategies for Improvement

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suseela Malakolunthu ◽  
Alice Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Almost All

Purpose – In recent times, quality of graduates and their performance has been questioned. Students’ performance is an indicator of the kind of approach (deep or surface) that is taken. This study investigates the kind of undergraduates take in their learning processes.   Methodology – This quantitative survey used Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F). Sixty-three students participated in the study. Findings – Results showed no significant difference between the types of approach by gender, nationality, year of study, and major. However, the rank ordering of the mean value indicated that almost all the students who participated in the study did not possess a deep approach to learning. The Pearson’s r analysis revealed a weak negative statistical correlation between the deep and surface approaches to learning and weak positive statistical correlation between surface strategy and deep approach. However, a significant relationship between deep strategy and deep approach (r = .903**, p < .01) was found.   Significance – The lack of deep approach to learning among students can be attributed to factors such as the conditions of learning, professional capacity of teachers, and lack of instructional rigor in the program or coursework. It is imperative that emphasis is placed on using deep approaches to learning in the university courses so that deep learning experiences are created for students.

scholarly journals A degree of studying? Approaches to learning and academic performance among student ‘consumers’

2019 ◽  
pp. 146978741986020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Bunce ◽  
Melanie Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Consumer Identity ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Surface Approach To Learning

The marketization of higher education and focus on graduate employability and earnings data has raised questions about how students perceive their roles and responsibilities while studying for their degree. Of particular concern is the extent to which students identify themselves as consumers of their higher education, for example, whether they view their degree as a purchasable commodity to improve future earnings. This is because research has found that a stronger consumer identity is related to lower academic performance. This study examined whether this relation could be explained by the impact of a consumer identity on the extent to which students adopt deep, surface or strategic approaches to learning. The hypotheses were that the relation between consumer identity and academic performance would be mediated by approaches to learning, whereby a consumer identity would be related to adopting a more surface approach, a less deep approach and less strategic approach. Undergraduates completed an online questionnaire that assessed the extent to which they identified as a consumer, their approaches to learning and academic performance. The analysis partly supported the hypotheses: a stronger consumer identity was related to a more surface approach to learning. However, a surface approach to learning did not mediate the relation between consumer identity and academic performance. Conversely, a deep approach to learning mediated the relation between consumer identity and academic performance, whereby a stronger consumer identity was related to lower academic performance through its negative impact on a deep approach to learning. There was no relation between consumer identity and strategic approach to learning. Implications of students identifying themselves as consumers of their higher education are discussed.

scholarly journals Estudio empírico de los enfoques de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios en función del perfil de su titulación (profundo VS superficial)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hernández ◽  
Mª P. García ◽  
J. J. Maquilón
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
University Course ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

RESUMENEn la presente investigación se trata de estudiar, en primer lugar, a partir del análisis factorial los items que mejor definen los enfoques de aprendizaje -motivos y estrategias-de los estudiantes universitarios. En segundo lugar, se analiza la actuación que los estudiantes tienen en los items en cada una de las escalas en función del perfil de aprendizaje predominante en su titulación: superficial y profundo. Los resultados muestran que los items de la subescala de motivo profundo se factorizan en un solo factor y los de estrategia en dos factores. En cambio, en el enfoque superficial, ambas subescalas se factorizan en tres factores. En relación con el segundo objetivo, se ha observado una coherencia entre el enfoque predominante en los estudiantes y el perfil del centro en el que estudian.ABSTRACTIn this research we use the factor analysis to analyse which items are the most representative in the Biggs' SPQ. Secondly, we also analyse the performance of students in the questionnaire to see whether there is any relationship between the learning approaches of their University course and the student performance. The results show that the scale for deep approach produce one main factor in motive subscale and two main factors in strategy scale. On the contrary, the scale for surface approach split in three main factors. Concerning the second objective we find that there is a relationship between the faculties profile and the student performance.

scholarly journals Formulation of Learning Strategies Using Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F) Thru Attitudinal Studies of Selected Nursing Students in Higher Education Institution

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research

Background and objective: This research anchored on the formulation of learning strategies using Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F) thru attitudinal studies of selected nursing students in terms of surface approach and deep approach. Further, the extent of motivation of the respondents that demonstrates in their attitudinal studies using Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F) to prove the connection of their learning strategies and their drive to study. The correlation of the attitudinal studies of the respondents and the prepared motivation of Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F) will help determine the students’ insight about their learning practices. This aims to determine the attitudinal studies with learning approaches of the nursing students, the results of which then will become the bases for enhancing the teaching strategies of teachers to upgrade the performance of the students. Methods: The study will take the form of descriptive-evaluative research. A survey was conducted using the standardized test (R-SPQ-2F) questionnaire as propagated by John Biggs for information gathering about respondents profile and their attitudes towards learning. This study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, also, this will take the form of an applied type of research, and thus, teachers consequently facilitate low-achieving nursing students perform better in the subject. The study used a statistical tool for the interpretation of results according to sub problems such as frequency distribution, percentage, ranking, weighted mean, likert scale, and f-test. Results: The results revealed that there are significant differences concerning the attitudinal studies of the selected nursing students in terms of surface approach and deep approach. The motivation of the nursing students using Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F) manifested that their extent of attitudinal studies are well equipped through academic awareness. There are twelve (12) motivational Approaches of the nursing students that are correlated to the Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F) and eight (8), which are not correlated under deep approach and surface approach. Thru evident findings, the Learning Strategies that are formulated are based on the Extent of Motivational Approach of the nursing students through their attitudinal Studies using Bigg’s (R-SPQ-2F). Conclusions: The results analysis signifies that the attitudes toward learning have been influence students’ scholastic performance. This result manifested that the extent of the attitudinal studies of the nursing students are well-equipped through academic awareness. The result encompasses change and development through the developmental stages of the nursing students. This implies that educators should become aware of the efforts of students made for learning in order for them to reach knowledge. It is important to know the ways of learning, develop expectations and have no anxiety for learning in order to be successful.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Of Students‘ Approaches And Strategies To Learning: Implications For Counselling

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Fatimah Y. Tijani ◽  
O. Grace Abimbola ◽  
Namusoke Jane ◽  
T.S Adeyemi ◽  
Emmanuel A Egbekunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The researchers compared students’ approaches and strategies to learning in two African countries viz.; Nigeria and Uganda. Using a descriptive survey, fifty students, who were enrolled in the year 2012/2013 in guidance and counselling and computer science respectively, were sampled from the population. The students offered an ICT course separately in 200 level in the different institutions. The instrument used was the Approaches to study skills inventory (ASSIST) and the three hypotheses were postulated and tested. The results of the t-test analysis show that the null hypothesis was not statistically significant when using the strategic approach (t = 1.037, 1.056); p > .05 and the deep approach to learning of students in Nigeria and Uganda (t = -0.278, -0.279); p > .05. The second hypotheses revealed a no statistically significant difference in the Nigerian and Ugandan preferences for different types of courses in teaching and learning while the third hypothesis shows a significant correlation between a deep approach to learning and learning that supports understanding (r=.407; p <.001). It is recommended that lecturers need to accommodate their students’ individual differences in the teaching and learning process considering that most of the classes in higher institutions of learning are large for the prevalent part. Additionally, discussions on possible implications for counselling are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Validasi Approaches to Learning and Studying Inventory di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Michael A. Leman ◽  
Rossi Sanusi ◽  
Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Second Year

Background: Short version instruments are being developed to meet the needs of social sciences researchers who simulataneously use a number of instruments. The Approaches to Learning and Studying Inventory (ALSI) is a short version instrument to measure learning approaches used by students. This analysis is part of a study that is published in different medical education periodicals. The objective of this assessment was to validate the ALSI in a population of second year medical students of the Gadjah Mada University Faculty of Medicine (GMU FM), Yogyakarta.Method: 225 second year students in the regular program at the GMU FM were invited to complete the ALSI questionnaire. To suport construct validities of ALSI, an item’ validity, Crönbach alpha, factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were measured.Results: A total of 160 students participated in this study (71,11% response rate). The data collected did not support the construct validities of ALSI.Conclusion: ALSI requires improvement, in particular the items of the surface approach subscale. Instead of the initial five subscales, it is probably more appropriate if the instrument is divided in only three subscales - surface approach, effort management-organized studying, and deep approach-monitoring studying. 

scholarly journals Relationships between conceptions of learning approaches to study and students' judgements about the value of their experiences of networked learning

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Goodyear ◽  
Mireia Asensio ◽  
Chris Jones ◽  
Christine Steeples ◽  
Vivien Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Networked Learning ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Positive Experiences

This paper reports on an enquiry into relationships between students' views of their experiences of participating in networked learning courses and data on their conceptions of learning and approaches to study. It has been suggested in the literature on networked learning that students with more sophisticated conceptions of learning and students who take a deep approach to learning are more likely to benefit from, and have positive experiences of, networked learning. Drawing on a sample of almost 180 undergraduate social science students on four networked learning courses, we established that there were no strong links between students' judgements about their experience of networked learning and either their conceptions of learning or their approach to study. Further research is needed, but a practical implication of this study is that it is reasonable to expect all students to have positive experiences on well-designed and well-managed networked learning courses - not just those students with more sophisticated conceptions of learning or deep approaches to study.DOI:10.1080/0968776030110103

scholarly journals Relation between learning approaches of chemistry students and their achievement in general chemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislava Olić Ninković ◽  
Jasna Adamov ◽  
Ljiljana Vojinović Ješić
Keyword(s):  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Learning Chemistry

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between students’ approaches to learning chemistry and their levels of achievement. The sample was comprised of 46 students in the first year of the Faculty of Sciences in Novi Sad (Serbia). The research involved two instruments: a knowledge test and an instrument for assessing the learning approach. The results showed that students have difficulties in understanding the factors that influence the chemical equilibrium, as well as with writing equations of the chemical reaction of salt hydrolysis. Most students use a deep approach to learning chemistry content. The deep approach significantly correlates with student achievement. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that is important to create a climate in the classroom that will encourage a deep approach to the study of chemistry.

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