scholarly journals Management of Rural Onsite Wastewater Systems for Protecting Natural Environment and Human Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Curran
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Practice Guide ◽  
Onsite Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Research ◽  
Insight Into

This study investigates the degree to which private rural onsite wastewater systems are managed with respect to environmental protection and human health. Negative effects from unregulated systems will be examined through identifying constraints that are currently in place pertaining to system approvals processes, requirements, and performance. Research for this project is focused in Ontario and the United States and will involve reaching out to owners of private rural onsite wastewater systems. The goals of this research are to provide insight into better management of these systems. Specifically, through the creation a best practice guide and ultimately influence on provincial legislation.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Influences of National Culture on Continuous Learning: Implications for Learning Objectives and Performance Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 290-311
Author(s):  
Graham Millington
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Continuous Learning ◽  
Multinational Organization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Job Competence ◽  
Insight Into

National culture influences the experience of continuous learning for individuals; this has implications for how the multinational organization might support continuous learning and consequent behavioral change. The chapter examines these influences through the comparative frameworks of national culture developed by Hofstede ( 1980 ; 2001 ) and in the GLOBE project (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, & Gupta, 2004). What cultural differences mean for the objectives and management of continuous learning is explored by contrasting job competence and performance management in Confucian Asia (e.g., China and Japan) with that of Anglo societies such as Great Britain and the United States. Insight into how multinational firms might support continuous learning and behavioral change is offered. To be effective in a fast-evolving, global environment, firms must strike a balance between consistency of global imperatives and adaptation to local needs.

scholarly journals Forty Years of Leverage: What Have We Learned About Sovereign Debt?

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Peter Boone ◽  
Simon Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Banking Crises ◽  
Sovereign Debt Crisis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Regulatory Constraints

Financial crises frequently increase public sector borrowing and threaten some form of sovereign debt crisis. Until recently, high income countries were thought to have become less vulnerable to severe banking crises that have lasting negative effects on growth. Since 2007, crises and attempted reforms in the United States and Europe indicate that advanced countries remain acutely vulnerable. Best practice from developing country experience suggests that regulatory constraints on the financial sector should be strengthened, but this is hard to do in countries where finance has a great deal of political power and cultural prestige, and where leverage is already high.

scholarly journals Best Practices for Onsite Wastewater System Inspections, Maintenance and Record Keeping in the Lake Simcoe Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Curran
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Onsite Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Lake Simcoe ◽  
Practice Framework

Onsite wastewater systems, commonly known as septic systems, can pose serious threats to the health and functionality of lakes, aquatic systems, and rural communities if effluent is not sufficiently treated. To ensure septic systems are functioning well and having minimal impacts on the natural environment and human health, regular maintenance, reinspections, and record keeping are required under Section 8.9 of the Ontario Building Code. The objective of this project is to improve the capacity of municipalities within the Lake Simcoe Watershed for adopting septic reinspection program best practices. Mandated and discretionary programs will be analyzed for their effectiveness within vulnerable areas. The information gathered from the project research phases will be used to inform the development of a final proposed best practice framework for completing onsite wastewater system reinspection programs in Ontario.

scholarly journals Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Predictors of Fear of Ebola

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dillard ◽  
Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Insight Into

Fear of infectious disease has the potential to damage local economies, disrupt health care delivery systems, and diminish immune functioning, whether or not the risk is objectively high. The appearance of Ebola in the United States offered an opportunity to study the causes of fear in a real-world event. Shortly after the death of the first Ebola patient diagnosed in the United States, survey data were gathered (N = 849) from residents of Dallas and U.S. citizens outside of Texas. Fear was positively associated with age (younger), gender (female), and ethnicity (non-White), but not geographic proximity (Dallas vs. not Dallas). Exposure to Ebola-related information via interpersonal channels (friends/family, acquaintances/coworkers) corresponded with higher levels of fear, but the findings for media channels were more varied, showing positive effects (newspapers/magazines), negative effects (Internet), and null effects (TV/radio). The study provides insight into the personal, interpersonal, and media correlates of fear of Ebola.

Others, Spectatorship, and the Ethics of Verbatim Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Live Music ◽  
Performance Texts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
Performance Research

In this article Patrick Duggan interrogates The Paper Birds' 2010 production Others to explore the political and ethical implications of embodying the (verbatim) texts of others. Built from a six-month exchange of letters between the company and a prisoner, a celebrity (a very non-committal Heather Mills, apparently), and an Iranian artist, Others fuses live music with verbatim and physical theatre texts to investigate the ‘otherness’ of women from vastly divergent cultural contexts. With equal measures of humour and honesty the performance deconstructs these voices both to highlight their particular concerns and problems and to interrogate larger issues relating to ‘others’ with whom we have conscious or unconscious contact. The ethical implications of continuing or discontinuing the correspondences with the three women are explored, and trauma and embodiment theories are used alongside Lévinasian and Russellian theories of ethics to ask what an encounter with such others might teach us about ourselves, about the traumatized other and about the ethics of encounter within performance texts. Patrick Duggan is Lecturer in Theatre and Performance Studies at the University of Exeter. A practising director, he has also taught extensively in the UK and Ireland as well as in Germany and the United States. He is author of Trauma-Tragedy: Symptoms of Contemporary Performance (Manchester University Press, 2012) and co-edited Reverberations: Britishness, Aesthetics and Small-Scale Theatres (Intellect, 2013) and a special issue of the journal Performance Research ‘On Trauma’ (Taylor and Francis, 2011).

scholarly journals Using attribution theory to explore the reasons adults with hearing loss do not use their hearing aids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn R. Ritter1 ◽  
Brittan Ann Barker ◽  
Kristina Scharp
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Theory Framework

Hearing aids are an effective treatment for individuals with hearing loss that have been shown to dampen (and sometime ameliorate) the negative effects of hearing loss. Despite the devices’ efficacy, many reject hearing aids as a form of treatment. In the present qualitative study, we explored the reasons for hearing aid non-use in the United States that emerged from the stories of adults with hearing loss who do not to utilize hearing aids. We specifically used thematic analysis in concert with an attribution theory framework to identify and analyze recurring themes and reasons throughout these individuals’ narratives. A total of nine themes describing reasons of hearing aid non-use emerged. Four reasons were internally motivated: (1) non-necessity, (2) stigmatization, (3) lack of integration into daily living, and (4) unreadiness due to lack of education; five reasons were externally motivated: (5) discomfort, (6) financial setback, (7) burden, (8) professional distrust, and (9) priority setting. These findings contribute to the field of hearing healthcare by providing professionals with insight into reasons that people across the provided when recounting their experiences following the diagnosis of hearing loss, prescription for hearing aids, and their hearing aid non-use. These findings are an important step toward the development of more effective, person-centered hearing healthcare that can best address these individuals’ concerns and expectations surrounding hearing loss and hearing aids.

scholarly journals Assessment of Athletes With Eating Disorders: Essentials for Best Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny H. Conviser ◽  
Amanda Schlitzer Tierney ◽  
Riley Nickols
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
And Performance

It is estimated that 1.6 million people in the United States are currently diagnosed with an eating disorder. Eating disorders (EDs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality and remain the most severe mental illness. Unfortunately, rates of EDs and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) among athletes appear to be increasing. In this study, authors summarize ED-related risks that pose compromises in psychological and social functioning, medical health, and overall quality of life. The importance of early detection and formal evaluation in preserving the athlete’s health, well-being and sustaining successful sport participation, and performance are highlighted. Athlete-specific factors, which challenge the ease and accuracy of ED detection and assessment, are noted. The recommended components of effective ED assessment are identified, including use of self-report measures and clinical interviews conducted by ED certified and licensed professionals. The importance of being well informed in tenets of ED awareness, prevention and supporting early detection, and referral for formal ED assessment are noted. Conclusions reflect the vital roles that both the multidisciplinary sport personnel and the sport environment/culture play in reducing the serious health risks of DEBs and EDs. Each is needed to protect an athlete’s well-being while fostering safe and successful sport participation.

Business: The Electronic Health Record: Front Line Experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Rosemary Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Electronic Health

National legislation is in place to facilitate reform of the United States health care industry. The Health Care Information Technology and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) offers financial incentives to hospitals, physicians, and individual providers to establish an electronic health record that ultimately will link with the health information technology of other health care systems and providers. The information collected will facilitate patient safety, promote best practice, and track health trends such as smoking and childhood obesity.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

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