Substance Use in Dance Sport

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Sekulic ◽  
Radmila Kostic ◽  
Durdica Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Male Dancers

Very few studies have been conducted on substance use (SU) in performing sports. In the current study, we analyzed SU and factors related to SU in dance sport. The sample subjects consisted of 21 female and 22 male dancers, all >19 years of age, who were given an anonymous questionnaire developed for this study. The questionnaire consisted of questions about 1) social, cultural, educational, and sport-related factors, and 2) SU, including alcohol, opiates, cigarettes, and doping consumption, and personal opinions. The chi-square test was used to define the differences between male and female dancers. To identify the relationships between the studied factors and SU, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated separately in males and females. We found a relatively low incidence of cigarette smoking (<10%) and significant differences between males and females in opinions regarding doping issues. The level of the sport achievement in females and religiousness in male dancers was significantly related to SU. Although not frequent, the consumption of alcohol was more common in more successful and experienced dancers. The use of pain killers was related to age in female dancers (all at p < 0.05). Based on these results, we recommend educational programs regarding SU, especially about doping problems, in sport dance.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI UKURAN, PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN, DAN TINGKAT KEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN TODAK BERPARUH PENDEK (Tetrapturus angustirostris) DI SAMUDERAHINDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Dian Novianto ◽  
Budi Nugraha ◽  
Andi Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Tuna Longline

Ikan todak berparuh pendek atau ikan tumbuk atau shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris) merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan sampingan rawai tuna. Informasi mengenai ikan todak berparuh pendek seperti komposisi ukuran, perbandingan kelamin, dan tingkat kematangan gonadsangat terbatas. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan data dan informasi mengenai aspek biologi ikan todak berparuh pendek yang merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan dari rawai tuna yang beroperasi di Samudera Hindia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September sampai Desember 2008 di perairan Samudera Hindia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ikan todak berparuh pendek memiliki kisaran panjang tubuh 135-175 cmLJFL dan modus pada kisaran 155-165 cmLJFL.Perbandingan jenis kelamin ikan jantan dan betina 1:13,5, berdasarkan atas hasil uji chi-square menunjukan bahwa rasio ikan jantan dan betina pada periode penelitian ini tidak seimbang. Pada bulan September ikan todak berparuh pendek betina didominansi oleh tingkat kematangan gonad IIsebesar 66,7%, bulan Oktober oleh tingkat kematangan gonad V sebesar 46,2%, bulan Nopember oleh tingkat kematangan gonad II sebesar 53,3%, sedangkan pada bulan Desember oleh tingkat kematangan gonad III sebesar 42,9%. Pada bulan Nopember sampai Desember terlihat bahwa tingkat kematangan gonad V mulai berkurang, hal ini menunjukan bahwa pada bulan Nopember sampai Desember diduga banyak ikan todak berparuh pendek betina yang sudah memijah. Shortbill Spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris) is one of bycatch of tuna longline. Information about shortbill spearfish on the size composition, sex ratio, and maturity stage is still very limited. The objective this paper is to present the data and information about shortbill spearfish which is a bycatch of tuna longline that operated in the Indian Ocean. Research was conducted during September until December 2008 in Indian Ocean. The results showed that the shortbill spearfish have body length about 135-175 cmLJFL and modes in 155-165 cmLJFL. Sex ratio of the male and female was 1:13.5. Based on chi-square test showed that the ratio of male and female in the period of the study was not balanced. In September, the female stage maturity was dominated by level II of 66.7%, October by level V of 46.2%, November by level II of 53.3%, and December by level III of 42.9%. During November until December showed that the maturity stage of level V was decreased, this shows that in this time the female of shortbill spearfish was spawned.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Study of Requests by Males and Females in Online Religious Forums

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. p70
Author(s):  
Othman Khalid Al Shboul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Pragmatic Study

The current study investigates the request strategies used by males and females in online religious forums. It aims to explore request types realized by linguistic formulas used by males and females when they make requests in computer-mediated communication. The study offers pragmatic and sociolinguistic explanations for these differences. It also discusses the functions of these requestive forms such as asking for more clarifications or to request the addressee to answer a question directly. This study found that there are seven strategies used by the participants to make their requests. Most of which are shared by males and females. The study applied Chi-square test to show whether or not the differences in the use of each type of requests between the two groups (males and females) are statistically significant.

What constitutes recovery in schizophrenia? Client and caregiver perspectives from South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashini Gopal ◽  
Greeshma Mohan ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Female Clients ◽  
Back To Work

Background: Understanding the concept of recovery in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia from the social and cultural aspects is important as it will help in developing models of recovery and appropriate interventions. Client and caregiver perspectives on recovery play a significant role in shaping these models and interventions. Hence, the aim of this study was to understand how clients with schizophrenia and their caregivers perceive recovery and to examine the differences between male and female clients with schizophrenia. Materials and methods: A total of 100 clients with schizophrenia and 80 caregivers of clients with schizophrenia were included in the study after written informed consent. A semi-structured proforma was used to collect the sociodemographic profile and illness variables. A questionnaire was developed to assess the indicators of recovery from mental illness and was administered to study participants. Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentages were used along with the chi-square test for analysis. Results: The most common indicators of recovery for the clients with schizophrenia were absence of symptoms (88%), no relapse (70%) and going back to work (70%), while for the caregivers were absence of symptoms (100%), becoming independent (92.5%) and no relapse (91%). Indicators of recovery were similar between male and female clients with schizophrenia except for the need to stop medication as an indicator of recovery observed significantly more in females ( p = .006). Most clients used internal validation of indicators to assess their recovery (79%). Conclusion: Results indicate that clients and caregivers from India perceive recovery as being symptom free, able to go back to work and being independent. Clients with schizophrenia use internal validation to assess recovery. Gender does not play a role in the perceptions toward recovery in schizophrenia. These results will help in developing models of recovery for severe mental illness in Indian context leading to tailored interventions.

scholarly journals Risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Milhomem Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
José Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Daniela Medeiros Milhomem Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESEsophageal cancer is the eighth commonest type of cancer worldwide, occupying sixth place in terms of mortality. Smoking and alcohol use are known risk factors for this type of cancer. The aim here was to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area.DESIGN AND SETTINGCase-control study in Goiânia, with 99 cases of esophageal cancer and 223 controls.METHODSThe variables were sociodemographic, dietary, occupational and lifestyle data. The sample was analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Mantel-Haenszel approach for multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 5% significance and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTSThe risk of esophageal cancer was higher in patients ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.95; P < 0.001). Patients from rural areas were at greater risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001). Smoking was a risk factor among the cases (OR = 3.8; P < 0.001), as was exposure to woodstoves (OR = 4.42; P < 0.001). The practice of oral sex was not a risk factor (OR = 0.45; P = 0.04). Consumption of apples, pears, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit juices were protective against esophageal cancer.CONCLUSIONIn a region in which the incidence of esophageal cancer is low, the most significant risk factors were exposure to woodstoves, smoking and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Incidence of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First Molars in Palestinian Population: A Clinical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Mukhaimer ◽  
Zafer Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
American University ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palestinian Population ◽  
Mandibular First Molar

Purpose. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate clinically the percentage of permanent mandibular first molar teeth with three roots amongst Palestinian population. Patients and Methods. Three hundred twenty-two mandibular first molars from 185 females and 137 males scheduled for root canal treatment at the Dental Center of the Arab American University were examined over a 2-year period. The incidence of a third root revealed by periapical radiographs and the comparison of the occurrence between males and females and between the right and left sides of the mandible were recorded. Statistical Analysis. It was performed using the chi-square test with a significant level set at P<0.05%. Results. Of the 322 treated mandibular first molars, twelve teeth were found to have a third root with an overall incidence being 3.73%. More teeth with a third root were treated on the right side of the mandible compared to the left side. Conclusion. The incidence of a third root in Palestinian population was within the range of previous reports from the Middle East but considerably lower than the percentage from the Far East.

Cultural Constraints To Female Higher Education In Malakand Division, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Niqab
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Constraints

The current study was aimed to analyze the Pakhtun cultural constraints in the way of female higher education. For this purpose, the data was collected through a survey instrument by snowball sampling and selected 384 respondents from Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. A Chi-Square test was applied in order to find out the association between independent (Pakhtun culture) and a dependent variable (low female higher education). The results show that there is a high and significant relationship between the low ratio of female higher education and sub-dimensions of Pakhtun culture i.e. early puberty, conservatism, Pardah, home related factors, Son preference, male dominancy, lack of freedom of expression for female, early/child marriage, noninvolvement of female in decision making, spending money of parents but benefits goes to husband family, non-acceptance of co-education, living in hostel of female and cultural interpretation of religion are various risk factors for low female higher education in Pakhtun society. The study recommends that the government should focus on women education, create awareness regarding female education and provide better educational facilities and incentives for women. Besides, more employment opportunities should be created to enhance female higher education.

scholarly journals POPULATION PARAMETERS OF ENDEAVOUR SHRIMP (Metapenaeus ensis de Haan) IN BINUANGEUN AND ADJACENT WATERS, WEST JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ali Suman ◽  
Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih ◽  
Pratiwi Lestari ◽  
Andina Ramadhani Putri Pane
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Maturity

Study on the population dynamic of endeavour shrimp (Metapenaus ensis) was conducted in Binuangeun waters based on data collected during period of survey, January to November 2016. The purpose of the study was to identify population parameters of the endeavour shrimp. Result showed that the endeavor shrimp growth pattern in Binuangeun waters was negative allometric and sex ratio of males and females was 1.0 : 2.7. The chi square test indicated that comparison of male and female of the endeavour shrimp was significantly different. It mean that there was imbalance in number between males and females. The length at first capture (Lc) of endeavour shrimp was 28.9 mm (carapace length),smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) at 37.7 mm (carapace length). The growth parameter of endeavour shrimp was 1.33/year with maximum carapace length (Loo) of 51.45 mm. Instantenous total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) were 7.74/year and 1.88/year, respectively. While fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) respectively were 5.86/year and 0.76/year. The exploitation rate of endeavour shrimp in Binuangeun and adjacent waters was high. It was, therefore, recommended that fishing effort of the endeavour shrimp in that waters should be reduced about 52 % in the next year.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Related Factors of Internet Addiction in Externship and Internship Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Danaei ◽  
Ali Akbar Rohani ◽  
Ali Sajadi ◽  
Mohsen Momeni
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Internet addiction is a global phenomenon with an increasing trend in university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and factors affecting internet addiction in externship and internship medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on externship and internship medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018 during a 6-month period using convenience sampling method. In this study, the valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire of “Kimberly-Young internet addiction questionnaire” was used to collect the research data. The attainable scores in this questionnaire range from 20 to 100, so that  higher scores show greater dependence on the Internet. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test. A significant level was set at lower than 0.05. Results: Among the participants, 46 participants (18.4%) were normal users, 127 (50.8%) were at risk, and 77 (30.8%) were addicted to the Internet. Among the demographic factors, a significant relationship was found between gender (p = 0.041) and educational level (p = 0.024) with Internet addiction. Conclusion: policymakers should pay particular attention to the issue of Internet addiction in medical students, since Internet addiction may cause these students to neglect their critical duties during externship and internship. In this regard, holding effective training courses can be helpful.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene and Nutrition Habits of Young People in Greece Aged 18 to 25 and Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Georgios S Chatzopoulos ◽  
Vasiliki P. Koidou
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nutrition Habits ◽  
Medium Hardness

SUMMARYPurpose: The aim of this paper is to document the oral hygiene and nutrition habits of young people (aged 18 to 25) in Greece.Material and Methods: In a random sample of 100 people in Greece aged 18 to 25, a questionnaire including 23 questions (4 demographical and 19 other) was given. The frequency, the usual reason for visiting the dentist, the frequency of brushing, the type of toothbrush and the criteria for choosing toothbrush and toothpaste were searched. The nutrition habits were recorded as frequency in receiving sugar or no sugar meals during the day. The statistical analysis included frequencies and the use of chi-square test for interrelation with the demographical questions.Results: 72% of the sample visits the dentist at least once a year, while the reason for visiting was prevention in 69%. 85% brushes at least twice a day, and the same percentage uses medium hardness toothbrush. The choice of the toothpaste is based on flavour and fragrance in 25%. The frequency of receiving sugar meals was recorded as 45% once daily and 43% in 2 or 3 times daily (p<0.05 between smokers and non smokers). 78% of the young people receives less than 5 meals and snacks per day. There was no statistically significant difference between different available monthly budgets in the sample for the oral hygiene and nutrition habits.Conclusion: More than 1/3 of young people in Greece aged 18 to 25 visits the dentist at least once yearly for prevention and uses medium hardness toothbrush. The frequency of sugar consumption was significantly higher in smokers when compared to non smokers. Statistically significant differences were not observed between males and females except for the frequency in brushing (p<0.05). A review of the literature was performed for issues related to this project.

scholarly journals How Organizational and Trainee Characteristics Influence the Training Program of Employees in Djibouti Port

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 269-277
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Training

The present paper aims to examine how the organizational and trainee characteristics influence the effectiveness of a training program in Djibouti Port. To prove this, quantitative analysis was carried out with the help of a questionnaire. The survey was given to port employees and gets their opinion about the effectiveness of the training program in their port. The survey was framed from the perspective of independent and dependent variables chosen from the literature. Further for collecting the sample the random sampling method was adopted. All aspects of training and organizational characteristic variables were utilized. Data analysis involved like correlation and regression, chi-square test with the help of SPSS 21 version. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the research. Study findings observed that there is a positive impact of organization and trainee related factors that impact the training effectiveness. Further, it is noticed that the current level of training and development programs in Djibouti Port Trust was effective. Overall from the study found it is concluded that the training and development need in the ports and explore whether the needs differ between the ports.

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