The Impact of Margin-Shaping Processes on the Architecture of the Sardinian and Sicilian Margin Submarine Depositional Systems within the Tyrrhenian Sea

2009 ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIANO GAMBERI ◽  
GIACOMO DALLA VALLE
Keyword(s):  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Depositional Systems ◽  
The Impact

Effect of sea breeze regime on aerosol optical properties over the city of Rome, Italy.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Di Bernardino ◽  
Anna Maria Iannarelli ◽  
Stefano Casadio ◽  
Gabriele Mevi ◽  
Monica Campanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

<p>Mesoscale meteorological phenomena, such as sea-land breeze regime, strongly impact meteorological conditions of coastal areas, affecting wind intensity, moisture, heat and momentum fluxes and polluted air masses dispersion. This effect must be considered in order to correct design urban spaces, predict the possible influence of land use change on air pollution and climate change and, consequently, improve the quality of life and urban comfort.</p><p>In recent years, it has been shown that the breeze regime does not only affect microclimatic conditions but also air quality in coastal areas, because of the mixing of different types of aerosols and condensable gases. Moreover, the advection of marine, colder and more humid air leads to the decrease of the boundary layer height and, consequently, to the increase of the surface concentration of locally emitted pollutants, that are trapped within the boundary layer itself.</p><p>The effect of breeze regime is particularly interesting in coastal cities, where the sea breeze entails large modification of physical, optical, chemical, and hygroscopic properties of the urban aerosol.</p><p>In this work, we developed an approach to determine the breeze effect on aerosol in correspondence of the BAQUNIN [1] Super-site urban location, in the centre of Rome, Italy. The city is about 28 km far from the Tyrrhenian coast and is often exposed to sea-breeze circulation and to extreme aerosol events [2] [3].</p><p>In-situ measurements obtained from different remote sensing instruments are used: (i) vertical profile of horizontal wind velocity and direction by means of SODAR wind profiler; (ii) moisture, air temperature and wind speed from ground-based meteorological station; (iii) aerosol optical depth (AOD), height and evolution of the Boundary Layer from Raman and elastic LIDAR; (iv) precipitable water, AOD, Ångström exponent (AE) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) from sun-photometer CIMEL [4], (v) AOD, AE and SSA from POM 01 L Prede sun-sky radiometer [5][6], (vi) superficial NO<sub>2</sub> and formaldehyde amounts from PANDORA spectrometer [7], (vii) particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5 </sub>and PM<sub>10</sub>) concentrations from ground-based air quality station.</p><p>The investigation is focused on several days, during summer of 2019, characterized by anemological breeze regime conditions.</p><p>In this study, we present preliminary results aimed to the in-depth analysis of the effects of the breeze regime on the optical properties of aerosols in coastal, urban environment and the impact of the aerosol vertical stratification on ground-level PM concentrations.</p><p> </p><p>References:</p><p>[1] BAQUNIN Boundary-layer Air Quality-analysis Using Network of Instruments, www.baqunin.eu</p><p>[2] Petenko I. et al. (2011) “Local circulation diurnal patterns and their relationship with large-scale flows in a coastal area of the Tyrrhenian sea”, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 139:353-366.</p><p>[3] Ciardini V. et al. (2012) “Seasonal variability of tropospheric aerosols in Rome”, Atmospheric Research, 118:205-214.</p><p>[4] AERONET, https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/index.html</p><p>[5] EUROSKYRAD http://www.euroskyrad.net/</p><p>[6] Campanelli M. et al. (2019) “Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index”, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussion.</p><p>[7] PGN, https://www.pandonia-global-network.org/</p>

scholarly journals Surface transport of DOC acts as a trophic link among Mediterranean sub-basins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Santinelli ◽  
Roberto Iacono ◽  
Ernesto Napolitano ◽  
Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalá
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Surface Transport ◽  
Trophic Link ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Characterizing carbon cycling and redistribution in the ocean is an important issue for Mankind, because it may affect key ecosystem services, e.g., support to climate system and food provision. In this paper, using an integrated approach, we explore the impact of the surface circulation on carbon dynamics in the Western Mediterranean Sea, where strong inter-basin differences in primary production do exist. Detailed information on the surface circulation, derived from high-resolution model simulations, is combined with the analysis of accurate, repeated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data. Our work indicates that the advection of the Atlantic Water acts as a trophic link between the Algerian Basin and the Tyrrhenian Sea, determining a flux of 8.8–37.9 × 1012 g DOC yr−1 into the basin. Thus, surface transport of DOC can redistribute chemical energy among regions with different trophic regimes. We hypothesize that this overlooked mechanism plays an important role also in the global ocean.

scholarly journals An Integrated Reconstruction of the Multiannual Wave Pattern in the Gulf of Naples (South-Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Simona Saviano ◽  
Daniela Cianelli ◽  
Enrico Zambianchi ◽  
Fabio Conversano ◽  
Marco Uttieri
Keyword(s):  
Wave Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Impact

Surface gravity waves retrieved by a network of HF (High Frequency) radars and measured in situ by an ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) current meter connected to an elastic beacon were used to carry out a multiple-year characterization of the wave field of the Gulf of Naples (south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, western Mediterranean). The aim of the work was to create a climatology of the study area and to demonstrate the potential of an integrated platform for coastal studies. The patterns recorded by the different instruments were in agreement with the wave climatology of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea as well as with previous scores for the same area. The results presented in this work also highlight seasonal and interannual consistency in the wave patterns for each site. In a wider context, this study demonstrates the potential of HF radars as long-term monitoring tools of the wave field in coastal basins, and supports the development of integrated observatories to address large-scale scientific challenges such as coastal ocean dynamics and the impact of global change on the local dynamics.

scholarly journals Linking flow-stream variability to grain size distribution of suspended sediment from a satellite-based analysis of the Tiber River plume (Tyrrhenian Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pitarch ◽  
F. Falcini ◽  
W. Nardin ◽  
V. E. Brando ◽  
A. Di Cicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Sandy Sediment ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSeveral coastal regions on Earth have been increasingly affected by intense, often catastrophic, flash floods that deliver significant amounts of sediment along shorelines. One of the critical questions related to the impact of these impulsive runoffs is “are flash floods more efficient in delivering non-cohesive sandy sediment along the coasts?” Here we relate flow stages (i.e., from erratic to persistent) to the grain size distribution of the suspended load, by performing a synergic analysis of in-situ river discharge and satellite-retrieved grain size distribution, from 2002 to 2014, covering the 2012 Tiber River (Italy) exceptional flood event. Our analysis shows novel and promising results regarding the capability of remote sensing in characterizing suspended sediment in terms of grain size distribution and reveals that erratic stages favour delivering of non-cohesive sandy sediment more than the persistent stages. This conclusion is supported by numerical simulations and is consistent with previous studies on suspended sediment rating curves.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of SSTs on a simulated medicane using ensemble simulations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Noyelle ◽  
Uwe Ulbrich ◽  
Nico Becker ◽  
Edmund P. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The sensitivity of the October 1996 medicane in the western Mediterranean basin to sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is investigated via 24-member ensembles of regional climate model simulations. Eleven ensembles are created by uniformly changing SSTs in a range of −4 K to +6 K from the observed field, with a 1 K step. By using a modified phase space diagram and a simple compositing method, it is shown that the SST state has a minor influence on the tracks of the cyclones, but a strong influence on their intensities. Increased SSTs lead to greater probabilities of tropical transitions, to stronger low- and upper-level warm cores, and to lower pressure minima. The tropical transition occurs sooner and lasts longer, which enables a greater number of transitioning cyclones to survive landfall over Sardinia and to re-intensify in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The results demonstrate that SSTs influence the intensity of fluxes from the sea, which leads to greater convective activity before the storms reach their maturity. These results suggest that the processes at steady-state for medicanes are very similar to tropical cyclones.

scholarly journals Air Quality Assessment in the Central Mediterranean Sea (Tyrrhenian Sea): Anthropic Impact and Miscellaneous Natural Sources, including Volcanic Contribution, on the Budget of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Francesca Vichi ◽  
Antonietta Ianniello ◽  
Massimiliano Frattoni ◽  
Andrea Imperiali ◽  
Giulio Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Anthropic Impact ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

The results of air pollution assessment during a 2017 cruise of the research ship “Minerva Uno” in the Tyrrhenian Sea are reported. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds (OVOCs), and pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, ozone, and sulphur dioxide were monitored throughout the cruise. The shallow waters at ten sites of the investigated area were also analyzed. Organic compounds such as n-alkanes showed a bimodal distribution with a maximum at C5–C6 and C10–C11 at sites the most affected by anthropic impact, whereas remote sites showed a unimodal distribution with maximum at C10–C11. The most abundant atmospheric OVOC was acetone (3.66 μg/m3), accounting for 38%; formaldehyde (1.23 μg/m3) and acetaldehyde (0.99 μg/m3) made up about 22–29% of the total. The influence of some natural sources as volcanoes, in the southern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea near the Aeolian arc was studied. This source did not induce any noticeable effect on the total amount of hydrocarbons nor on the levels of trace gases such as CFCs, whereas the trends of sulphur dioxide seemed to confirm a possible contribution. The impact of underwater emissions was observed near the Panarea and Vulcano islands, where lower pHs, high levels of Fe and Mn, and diagnostic of vent activity, were measured.

scholarly journals Tsunami generation in Stromboli island and impact on the south-east Tyrrhenian coasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tinti ◽  
G. Pagnoni ◽  
F. Zaniboni ◽  
E. Bortolucci
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Fine Grid ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aeolian island arc in south Tyrrhenian sea, Italy. In the last 100 years the most relevant volcanic eruptions have beenaccompanied by local tsunamis, that have caused damage and casualties. In some cases the direct mechanism of local tsunami generation is clear, i.e. pyroclastic flows entering the sea. In some others it is uncertain and some speculation concerning the collapse of the eruptive column on the sea surface or the failure of some underwater mass can be made. But the ordinary activity is unlikely to generate large regional tsunamis. These can be produced by the lateral collapse of the volcanic cone that geomorphological and volcanological  investigations have proven to have occurred repeatedly in the recent history of the volcano, with return period in the order of some thousands of years. The last episode is dated to less than 5 ka BP, and left the Sciara del Fuoco scar on the north-west flank of Stromboli. Based on previous studies, the possible collapse of the nortwestern sector of Stromboli and the consequent generation and propagation of a tsunami are explored. The impact on Stromboli and on the other islands of the Aeolian archipelago is estimated, as well as the impact on the coast of Sicily and the Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria. The simulation is carried out by means of a double model: a Lagrangian block model to compute the motion of the collapsing mass, and a finite-element hydrodynamic model to compute the evolution of the tsunami. Two distinct tsunami simulations are carried out, one on a very fine grid around the source region to evaluate the tsunami near Stromboli, and one utilising a coarser grid covering the whole south-east Tyrrhenian sea to compute the tsunami propagation toward Sicily and Calabria. It is found that a huge-volume collapse of the north-western flank of the Stromboli cone is capable of producing a regional tsunami which is catastrophic at the source and devastating on long stretches of Tyrrhenian coasts, but particularly in the neighbouring islands of Panarea and Salina, and along the Calabria coasts around Capo Vaticano.

scholarly journals Port Noise and Complaints in the North Tyrrhenian Sea and Framework for Remediation

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bolognese ◽  
Francesco Fidecaro ◽  
Diego Palazzuoli ◽  
Gaetano Licitra
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Compared to the other relevant noise sources such as railways, roads, and airplanes, the regulation regarding port noise is lagging behind. The absence of specific laws is likely one of the main causes of the increasingly high number of complaints reported by the citizens living nearby the ports. At the same time, scientific literature concerning the impact of port noise and its mitigation is not so widespread and only a few studies are available at the moment. However, the volume of maritime traffic has increased in the last years and consequently, Port Authorities are required to assess the impact of port operations on the city soundscape without using specific directives or guidelines. In this context, the INTERREG Maritime programme projects RUMBLE, MON ACUMEN, and REPORT aim to fill this gap, by investigating the state-of-the-art of port noise in the north Tyrrhenian sea and developing helpful instruments. Data were collected via a survey sent to the Port Authorities, local environmental protection agencies and universities involved in the projects. The survey was focused on monitoring systems, previous measurement campaigns, noise maps, and citizens’ complaints already taken. The results confirmed both a lack of awareness among residents and authorities and the absence of actions aimed at reducing port noise. In this framework, the difficulties encountered by the Port Authorities in managing the ports sustainably are highlighted. An underestimation of citizens’ exposure to noise in port areas could be expected.

scholarly journals Diversity Loss in Coralligenous Structuring Species Impacted by Fishing Gear and Marine Litter

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Federica Ferrigno ◽  
Luca Appolloni ◽  
Luigia Donnarumma ◽  
Floriana Di Di Stefano ◽  
Francesco Rendina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
The Impact

Coralligenous structuring species (CSS) form a group of marine megabenthic species with an engineering capacity. Since they are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities, they have been selected for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) monitoring programs. The pressure and impact of fishing gear and marine litter on these species were evaluated through the image analysis of 54 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) routes along the Campania coasts (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). CSS density was calculated as the number of colonies/100 m2. Anthropogenic pressure was estimated as the frequency of frames showing longline, nets, other gear, plastic objects, metal objects, and other litter; while the impact was expressed as the frequency showing necrosis/epibiosis, broken/upturned and covered/entangled colonies. Cnidaria dominate in the Napoli, Campanella and Capri areas, while Bryozoa dominate in Cilento N and Cilento S areas. Campanella and Capri appeared to be the least heterogeneous despite their higher CSS densities, which was possibly related to the dominance of a few species. These areas were the most affected by showing the highest numbers of fishing gear (longlines) and marine litter (metal objects) recorded, amongst which longlines are the most abundant. In addition, these fishing areas are either close to a large urban center or located along popular touristic routes. In all the areas, colonies with necrosis/epibiosis (CNE) impact are present with low-moderate values, while the category gears covering/entangling (GCE) impact prevails in the Campanella and Capri areas, and this is strictly connected to the high presence of fishing gear.

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