scholarly journals Adiponectin , ?-Cell Dysfunction in Iraqi Women with Gestational Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-374
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Protein

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of gestation that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance with first recognition during gestation. It develops when ?- cell of pancreas fail to compensate the diminished insulin sensitivity during gestation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mother adiponectin level and ?- cell dysfunction with development gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other parameters in the last trimester of pregnancy. This study includes (80) subjects ( pregnant women) in the third trimester of pregnancy, (40) healthy pregnant individuals as control group aged between (17 - 42) years and (40) gestational diabetes mellitus patients with aged between (20 - 42) years. The following biochemical investigation is studied: oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), adiponectin , insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP),body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA – IR). The adiponectin levels are significantly lesser in females who develop GDM than the control group (P?0.01), while the insulin and OGTT concentrations were significantly higher in females with GDM than control group (P?0.01).The concentrations of CRP are non significantly different between the females who develop GDM and the control group.Conclusions: Lower adiponectin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and females, who develop gestational diabetes mellitus, have higher levels of insulin resistance from normal females, Obesity is a shape of persistent low grade inflammation which causes elevated concentrations of C- reactive protein.

scholarly journals Implications of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1984373
Author(s):  
Ebtisam Aziz Al-ofi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reactive Protein

Background: Obesity is one of the leading pregnancy risks for both the mother and the neonate. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus has been increasing, especially with the increase in obesity in reproductive-aged women. A high body mass index, a sedentary lifestyle, a previous macrosomic infant, polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism are the main risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Early gestational diabetes mellitus detection in high-risk individuals is a useful method for preventing further complications and/or preventing this disease by improving the patient’s lifestyle. Case presentation: A morbidly obese woman with a high body mass index (>36) at 24 weeks gestational age presented with several gestational diabetes mellitus risk factors. Her glucose tolerance test verified gestational diabetes mellitus, and, incidentally, her C-reactive protein level was elevated without obvious reason. Her plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines had also been assessed and were exaggerated. After lifestyle intervention, including weight management, the patient’s inflammatory mediators, including her C-reactive protein level, dropped. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between the patient’s inflammation and obesity. Conclusion: Antenatal C-reactive protein screening could be used throughout pregnancy to predict inflammation from high-risk pregnant women. This case scenario describes the interrelationships between inflammation, insulin resistance and adipokines, as well as the contributions of hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome. Further research should emphasise the relationships between inflammation and obesity in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Molecular pathways disrupted by gestational diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. R51-R72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo ◽  
Nanthini Jayabalan ◽  
Carlos Salomon ◽  
Martha Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) imposes serious short- and long-term health problems for mother and baby. An effective therapeutic that can reduce the incidence of GDM and improve long-term maternal and fetal outcomes is a major research priority, crucially important for public health. A lack of knowledge about the underlying pathophysiology of GDM has hampered the development of such therapeutics. What we do know, however, is that maternal insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and endothelial cell dysfunction are three central features of pregnancies complicated by GDM. Indeed, data generated over the past decade have implicated a number of candidate regulators of insulin resistance, inflammation and endothelial cell dysfunction in placenta, maternal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. These include nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuins (SIRTs), 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), PI3K/mTOR, inflammasome and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this review, the identification of these as key modulators of GDM will be discussed. The biochemical pathways involved in the formation of these may represent potential sites for intervention that may translate to therapeutic interventions to prevent the development of GDM.

scholarly journals CTRP-1 levels are related to insulin resistance in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Deischinger ◽  
Karoline Leitner ◽  
Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer ◽  
Dagmar Bancher-Todesca ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Recent studies have shown higher levels of CTRP-1 (C1QTNF-related protein) in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to controls. We aimed at investigating CTRP-1 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). CTRP-1 levels were investigated in 167 women (93 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 74 GDM) of a high-risk population for GDM. GDM was further divided into GDM subtypes depending on a predominant insulin sensitivity issue (GDM-IR) or secretion deficit (GDM-IS). Glucose tolerance was assessed with indices [Matsuda index, Stumvoll first phase index, insulin-secretion-sensitivity-index 2 (ISSI-2), area-under-the-curve (AUC) insulin, AUC glucose] derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) performed at < 21 and 24–28 weeks of gestation. In pregnancy, CTRP-1 levels of GDM (76.86 ± 37.81 ng/ml) and NGT (82.2 ± 35.34 ng/ml; p = 0.104) were similar. However, GDM-IR women (65.18 ± 42.18 ng/ml) had significantly lower CTRP-1 levels compared to GDM-IS (85.10 ± 28.14 ng/ml; p = 0.009) and NGT (p = 0.006). CTRP-1 levels correlated negatively with weight, AUC insulin, Stumvoll first phase index, bioavailable estradiol and positively with HbA1c, Matsuda Index and ISSI-2. A multiple regression analysis revealed bioavailable estradiol (β = − 0.280, p = 0.008) and HbA1c (β = 0.238; p = 0.018) as the main variables associated with CTRP-1 in GDM. Postpartum, waist and hip measurements were predictive of CRTP-1 levels instead. CTRP-1 levels were higher postpartum than during pregnancy (91.92 ± 47.27 vs.82.44 ± 38.99 ng/ml; p = 0.013). CTRP-1 is related to insulin resistance in pregnancy and might be a metabolic biomarker for insulin resistance in GDM. CTRP-1 levels were significantly lower during pregnancy than postpartum, probably due to rising insulin resistance during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Danish Population of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Three-Fold Higher than in the General Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 4004-4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannet Lauenborg ◽  
Elisabeth Mathiesen ◽  
Torben Hansen ◽  
Charlotte Glümer ◽  
Torben Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Abstract Context: Diabetes and obesity, components of the metabolic syndrome, are common characteristics of women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to increasing incidence of diabetes and obesity, the metabolic syndrome might comprise a major health problem among these women. Objective: The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by three different criteria [World Health Organization 1999 (WHO), The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults 2001, and European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance 2002] among women with previous GDM. Design: We conducted a follow-up study of a Danish cohort of women admitted in 1978–1996 to the Diabetes and Pregnancy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, with diet-treated GDM. The follow-up took place in 2000–2002 at median 9.8 yr (interquartile range 6.4–17.2) after pregnancy. Results were compared with a control group of 1000 age-matched women from a population-based sample (Inter99). Participants: Four hundred eighty-one women at median age 43 yr (interquartile range 38–48) participated. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. Results: Independent of the criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times higher in the prior GDM group, compared with the control group (e.g. WHO: 38.4 vs. 13.4%, P &lt; 0.0005). Age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio for having the WHO-defined metabolic syndrome was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 2.5–4.8) for the prior GDM group vs. the control group. Obese women (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2) with previous GDM had a more than 7-fold increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (WHO), compared with normal-weight prior GDM women (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2). In glucose-tolerant women, the prevalence was doubled in the prior GDM group, compared with control group. Conclusion: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times as high in women with prior diet-treated GDM, compared with age-matched control subjects.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activities of puerarin in high-fat diet-fed rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 7537-7546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Mengyu Tang ◽  
Jiahui Wang ◽  
Lihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract To investigate the effect of puerarin on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational diabetic model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) combined with high-fat feeding and were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the GDM group, and the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin was intragastrically administered to rats daily until the offspring were born. The rats in both the GDM group and control group were administered the same volume of normal saline. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all groups of rats were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate morphological changes in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Western blotting was carried out to measure the protein expression of IRS-1 and inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB, in the adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Puerarin had preventive effects on GDM-induced pathological changes and ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in GDM rats. Puerarin upregulated IRS-1 expression and decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, TLR4, and MyD88 as well as the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in adipose tissues around the reproductive organs in GDM rats. This study indicated that puerarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the important TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway. Therefore, puerarin can decrease the expression of TNF-α and ameliorate insulin resistance in GDM rats, suggesting the potential efficacy of puerarin in GDM treatment.

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