scholarly journals Gerakan Sosial Ekonomi Islam Di Pedesaan: Studi Kasus Peran Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Di Kabupaten Sragen

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Thohir Yuli Kusmanto
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Islamic Economic

Abstract: Islamic economic system has been experiencing rapid growth and development in Indonesia since the 1998 reform. Islamic economic discourse has become an intensive study, discussions, seminars, workshops to formulate ideal type of Islamic economics. Islamic economics is practically manifested in the form of banking, non-banking, insurance, and financial institutions. Islamic Economics has gone into rural areas in the systemic struggle among traditional economic system, a market economy and capitalistic system. Economic position of Islam becomes a middle way in terms of foundation, practices, access and capital assets. The seep of Islamic economy in the rural area is done through Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT). The process is viewed as a social movement so that it can touch rural communities. Its movement is performed by Islamic activist organizations of young generation which is affiliated with Islamic organizations or mosque activists. Early initiation was triggered by Center Incubation of Small Scale Business (Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis Usaha Kecil /PINBUK), Economic Organization, and Indonesian Muslim Scientist Association (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim/ ICMI) 1996. The establishment of BMT in Sragen was first done by Sragen ICMI branch. In this case, social and political conditions determined the process of formation. The primary role of BMT is as a financial institution and deposit. The role of financing has helped micro scale group of entrepreneurs,and  small and medium scale groups of entrepreneurs to develop their business, and access capital. BMT encourages rural people to save their money for investment. As the Islamic financial services cooperation, BMT teaches the spirit of brotherhood and cooperation to develop Islamic economy in the rural areas.   الملخص: أصبح النظام الإقتصادي الإسلامي ينمو نموّا سريعا في إندونيسيا بعد واقعة " إصلاح " 1999م. وأصبح حديث الإقتصاد الإسلامي موضوع دراسات متواصلة، ومناقشات علمية، وندوات، وورشات عمل لصياغة النموذج الأمثل للإقتصاد الإسلامي. ويتجلّى الإقتصاد الإسلامي عمليا في عدّة أشكال : المصرفية، وغير المصرفية، والتأمين والمؤسسات المالية. وقد تسرّب الإقتصاد الإسلامي في القرى في النضال النظامي بين الإقتصاد التقليدي وبين نظام الإقتصاد السوقي الرأسمالي، وأصبح الإقتصاد الإسلامي وسيطا في الأمور : الأساس والتطبيق والتدبير وعملية الحصول على الأصول والرأسمال. ويكون تسرّب الإقتصاد الإسلامي في القرى عن طريق بيت المال والتمويل. وهذه العملية كحركة إجتماعية حتى وصلت إلى المجتمع الريفي. وهذه الحركة قام بها مجموعة من الشبان المتحمّسين (أي الشبان الحركيين للمسجد) من المنظّمات الإسلامية  المنتمية إلى الجمعيّات الإجتماعية الإسلامية . كان الاستهلال الأول PINBUK   وهي المنظمة الإقتصادية لرابطة المثقّفين المسلمين الإندونيسيين (ICMI) سنة 1999م. وتأسيس بيت المال والتمويل في سراغين حرّكتها (ICMI) سراغين. والوضع الإجتماعي السياسي في ذلك الحين دفع عملية التشكيل. وكان دور بيت المال والتمويل الرئيس هو كمؤسسة التمويل والادّخار. ودوره التمويل يساعد العمل التجاري الصغير والمتوسّط لتنمية عمله التجاري وللحصول على الرأسمال. وقد حثّ بيت المال والتمويل المجتمع القروي على الادّخار للتمويل. وكمؤسسة الخدمات المالية الإسلامية، علّم بيت المال والتمويل الناس روح الأسرية والتعاون والتكافل لتنمية الإقتصاد الإسلامي في القرى Abstrak: Sistem ekonomi Islam mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat di Indonesia pasca reformasi 1998. Wacana ekonomi Islam telah menjadi kajian intensif, diskusi, seminar, lokakarya dan workshop merumuskan tipe ideal ekonomi Islam. Secara praktis ekonomi Islam mewujud dalam bentuk; perbankan, non bank, asuransi, dan lembaga keuangan. Ekonomi Islam telah meresap ke pedesaan diantara pergulatan sistemik, ekonomi tradisional dengan ekonomi pasar – kapitalistik. Posisi ekonomi Islam menjadi jalan tengah dalam hal; landasan, praktik, pengelolaan dan akses serta aset permodalan. Peresapan ekonomi Islam di pedesaan melalui Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil (BMT). Proses tersebut  sebagai suatu gerakan sosial, sehingga mampu menyentuh masyarakat pedesaan. Gerakannya dilakukan oleh generasi muda aktifis organisasi Islam yang berafiliasi dengan ormas Islam atau aktifis masjid. Inisiasi awal oleh Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis Usaha Kecil (PINBUK), organisasi ekonomi Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (ICMI) tahun 1996. Pembentukan BMT di Kabupaten Sragen pertama kali digerakkan ICMI cabang Sragen. Kondisi sosial politik menentukan proses pembentukan. Peran utama BMT adalah sebagai lembaga pembiayaan dan simpanan. Peran pembiayaan telah menolong kelompok usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah mengembangkan usahanya, dalam mengakses permodalan. BMT mendorong masyarakat pedesaan menabung untuk investasi. Sebagai koperasi jasa keuangan syariah, BMT mengajarkan semangat kekeluargaan dan kerjasama untuk mengembangkan ekonomi yang Islami di pedesaan.

scholarly journals Small and large farms in the Republic of Moldova: trends and perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 902-912
Author(s):  
Victor Moroz ◽  
Anatolie Ignat ◽  
Eugenia Lucasenco
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Large Farms

In recent years the Republic of Moldova has implemented a set of reforms in order to increase the efficiency of agricultural production. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight economic advantages and disadvantages of large and small scale farms, and also to focus on the multidimensional role of the small scale farming for rural areas. The methodology used in the article is based on analysis of statistical data, as well as on results of relevant qualitative and quantitative surveys. The main expected results of this paper lay in the proposals of ways in which agriculture can make a contribution to the vibrancy of rural communities from the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals Households’ Willingness to Contribute to Irrigation Infrastructure in Rural China: The Role of Lineage and Outmigration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1852
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation ◽  
Willingness To Contribute ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

Rural areas worldwide are witnessing an increase in outmigration, which has led to an impact on irrigation infrastructure management. In many cases, governments in transition economies find it difficult to support small-scale irrigation infrastructure programs. This research aims to examine the extent to which the recent “lineage revival” in China to increase the importance of lineage networks can reduce the negative effects of outmigration in rural communities. Analyzing a rural community in Sichuan Province, the findings reveal that while there is no significant effect of outmigration on respondents’ willingness to contribute toward irrigation infrastructure, and while lineage networks can enhance this willingness, such networks also reduce participation if non-lineage members are among the beneficiaries. Finally, the study provides an understanding of how informal lineage networks may facilitate contribution to irrigation infrastructure.

scholarly journals LOCAL BENEFITS OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST: EVIDENCES FROM RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELE GARCIA ALARCON ◽  
ALFREDO CELSO FANTINI ◽  
CARLOS H. SALVADOR
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Ecological Corridor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Use

Abstract Environmental services provided by forests are essential to the social reproduction of populations in rural areas. Perceptions about the services provided by forests play an important role in the planning of landscapes; however, few studies have investigated this issue. This study aimed at understanding how farmers perceive the role of forests in maintaining environmental services. One hundred farmers from the Chapecó Ecological Corridor - SC were interviewed. Provisioning and regulating services were mentioned most often. Water availability ranked first (65%), followed by the maintenance of habitat for biodiversity (34%) and firewood (23%). Income and local use of forest resources were the variables that best explained farmers' perceptions of forest benefits. Nevertheless, the use of forest resources has been limited by restrictions imposed by environmental legislation, which is affecting the perception of farmers about the wide range of environmental services provided by forests.

scholarly journals Information Asymmetry and Trust: A Framework for Studying Microfinance in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Financial Transactions

In recent times, microfinance has emerged as a major innovation in the rural financial marketplace. Microfinance largely addresses the issue of access to financial services. In trying to understand the innovation of microfinance and how it has proved to be effective, the author looks at certain design features of microfinance. He first starts by identifying the need for financial service institutions which is basically to bridge the gap between the need for financial services across time, geographies, and risk profiles. In providing services that bridge this gap, formal institutions have limited access to authentic information both in terms of transaction history and expected behaviour and, therefore, resort to seeking excessive information thereby adding to the transaction costs. The innovation in microfinance has been largely to bridge this gap through a series of trustbased surrogates that take the transaction-related risks to the people who have the information — the community through measures of social collateral. In this paper, the author attempts to examine the trajectory of institutional intermediation in the rural areas, particularly with the poor and how it has evolved over a period of time. It identifies a systematic breach of trust as one of the major problems with the institutional interventions in the area of providing financial services to the poor and argues that microfinance uses trust as an effective mechanism to address one of the issues of imperfect information in financial transactions. The paper also distinguishes between the different models of microfinance and identifies which of these models use trust in a positivist frame and as a coercive mechanism. The specific objectives of the paper are to: Superimpose the role of trust in various types of exchanges and see how it impacts the effectiveness of repeated transactions. While greater access to information fosters trust and thus helps social networks to reduce transaction costs, there could be limits to which exchanges could solely depend on networks and trust. Look at the frontiers where mutual trust cannot work as a surrogate for lower appraisal costs. Use an example in the Canadian context and see how an entity that started on the basis of social networks and trust had to morph into using the techniques used by other formal nonneighbourhood institutions as it grew in size and went beyond a threshold. Using the Canadian example, the author argues that as the transactions get sophisticated, it is possible to achieve what informal networks have achieved through the creative use of information technology. While we find that the role of trust both in the positivist and the coercive frame does provide some interesting insights into how exchanges with the poor could be managed, there still could be breaches in the assumptions. This paper identifies the conditions under which the breaches could possibly happen and also speculates on the effect of such breaches.

scholarly journals Using network analysis to analyse the complex interaction of factors causing the failure of small-scale water infrastructure (SWI) in the rural areas of South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Sambo ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
K Dhavu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Technical Community ◽  
Drying Up

Some parts of the rural areas of South Africa are receiving water services below the legislative standards stipulated in the Water Services Act (1997) of South Africa. This is because small-scale water infrastructures (SWI), including standpipes, handpumps and windmills, are failing to supply adequate water in rural communities for various activities that enhance their livelihoods. This is due to technical, community, institutional, and environmental factors. Literature indicates that these factors are complex in nature. However, research on their complex interactions has been limited. Therefore, the complex interactions of the factors causing SWI failure were investigated and analysed in this study. A qualitative research approach was employed to investigate the factors that cause failure of SWI. The network approach combined with graph theory and the community structure method were used to generate a theme and domain network that allowed for a systematic analysis and interpretation of the causes of SWI failure in the study area. The major causes of failure identified include: (i) the use of a top-down approach to implement water projects in rural communities without consultation, (ii) sharing of SWI in high numbers due to the limited number of SWI available/functional, resulting in overloading and increased breakdowns, and (iii) drying up of water sources due to poor siting leading to vandalism of SWI. Overall, the causes of SWI failure are as a result of the complex interactions of different categories of factors. The theme and domain network is a powerful tool that can be used represent and analyse the complex interactions. It is therefore imperative for interventions aiming to improve rural water supply to analyse the complex interactions of the causes of SWI failure to understand the underlying problems at a level of a system, in order to propose suitable solutions.

scholarly journals ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Arun.K.V
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Banking Business

Technology and financial inclusion are the popular coinage in banking parleys in the country. While technological upgradation and mobile banking are catching up so fast, financial inclusion is tardy. Financial inclusion is a major agenda for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Without financial inclusion, banks cannot reach the un-banked. It is also a major step towards increasing savings and achieving balanced growth. The reach the country is having with technological progress mobile banking has the potential to emerge as a game changer in terms of costs, convenience, and speed of reach. Business models of banks, telecom operators and other stakeholders need to converge. However, the banking industry’s penetration to un-banked areas is still found sluggish. The role of the Indian banker is challenging. At one end of this spectrum lies the demand to achieve financial inclusion as nearly 50 per cent of the population is yet to be covered under the formal system of banking and at the other end lies the task to fulfil the needs of the existing customers. The first priority for banks is to adopt core banking solution (CBS), including all regional rural banks (RRBs). Next, a multi-channel approach using handheld devices, mobiles, cards, micro-ATMs, branches and kiosks can be used. However, it should be ensured that the transactions put through such front-end devices should be seamlessly integrated with the banks’ CBS. In rural areas, where accessibility is a problem, banks are using the microfinance network and business correspondents and facilitators to bring more people under the ambit of banking services. Capitalising on the huge untapped potential in smaller towns and cities and rendering financial services to this segment of people poses a big challenge. Few banks have explored technology solutions to increase the scale of their microfinance portfolios, with the use of smart cards and core banking solutions. KEYWORDS- Technology, Financial Inclusion, Core Banking, Business Correspondents

scholarly journals Integration Efforts in Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Judit Beke Lisányi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Capital Intensive

The economic and political transition brought many challenges for the Hungarian agricultural sector. The break-up of large agricultural holdings had serious negative impacts on food production and on the export of agricultural products. Capital intensive profit-seeking intermediaries dominate the trading of agricultural goods that has injurious effects in terms of downward pressure on production prices and an increase in consumer prices. Cooperatives have a key role in effectively tackling the common challenges that small-scale producers have to face. More vertical integration along the food chain could contribute to providing rural employment and to an increase in living standards in rural areas. This study reviews the development, the specific features and the driving forces of modern cooperatives in Central Europe in general, and in Hungary in particular. The focus is on the integrator role of cooperatives and their future role in our globalised world. JEL Classification: Q10, Q13

scholarly journals The role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: A study of Indonesian young entrepreneurs in management action

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade I. Anggraeni ◽  
Christantius Dwiatmadja ◽  
Ahyar Yuniawan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

Orientation: This study aims to analyse the entrepreneurship-driven reasons and characteristics of employee management of the young generation, by analysing the role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour in the light of the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises.Research purpose: The main objective of this study was to empirically analyse the effect of the psychological contract and organisational support on the organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of the employees of small-scale enterprises run by young entrepreneurs, especially in the cohort generation.Motivation for the study: This study attempts to analyse the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in running the business by examining their managerial characteristics in managing workplace relationship that aims to achieve the stakeholder expectations and improve both commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of employees.Research design, approach and method: Data were collected in the SMEs owned by young entrepreneurs in a city in Indonesia involving 150 respondents. The research model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling with analysis of moment structure (AMOS).Main findings: The results showed that the employee citizenship behaviour is influenced by the organisational commitment. The commitment of employees was formed by the ability of business owners to understand the needs and expectations of employees regarding opportunities of self-development, pleasant working environment, the benefit as the workload and the work challenge.Practical and managerial implications: This study implies the need for academic institutions and policy makers to get involved in addressing the rising phenomenon of entrepreneurship among the young generation.Contribution and added-value: This study mainly considered the characteristics of young entrepreneurs as the main factor in explaining the success of employee management relationship of SMEs.

scholarly journals Culture and Rural Development: Voices from Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gorlach ◽  
Marta Klekotko ◽  
Piotr Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Dimensional Image

Abstract The paper is focused on the issue of culture and its connections to rural developments. It was based on the assumption that the culture has various impacts on rural communities` life, as well as, it has been present in various ways in functioning and changes that might be observed in rural areas. In our opinion, such a perspective should be presented in a more detailed way in order to stress the multiple and various impact of cultural issues on economic and social transformations in rural areas. Therefore, we divided our paper into three consecutive parts. In the first one, we discussed the multi-dimensional image of culture, and its role in human development. In the second one, we discussed some changes in the mechanisms of rural development, perceived as moving from the traditional to the contemporary one. We wanted to stress that culture seems to be an important part of the latter one. The last part of our considerations brought some empirical evidence from Poland focused on the role of culture in rural developments showing, at the same type, some examples of this new mechanism of rural development.

Application of Islamic Economic Principles to Indian Financial Sectors: Prospects and Challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed M. K. Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Present System ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Financial Company ◽  
Reserve Ratio ◽  
Regulatory Problems

Economic system is the integral part of every social system. Globalized economy introduces three types of economic systems which are private, public, and mixed ownership. Despite people take part of these three systems in major countries, the frequent fi nancial crunches and questioning of reliability on conventional fi nancial system, many countries try to bring an alternative fi nancial system that can consistently work on transparency and accountability in all economic spheres. Islamic economic system is solution of such thinking due to its success and safety operations in all practicing countries.In Gulf Cooperation Council countries, all Islamic banks are performing triumphantly which include 25 banks. Its products and services are based on profi t loss sharing mechanisms which adhere to the principles Islamic shariah. Mudaraba, Musharaka, and Murabaha are the main instruments which are usedmostly in all fi nancial sectors. The present system of commercial banking is based on minimization of risk and maximization of profit. On the contrary, Islamic fi nancing is performed as social fi nancial system so as it is highly attracted by non -Muslim customers also for them that stands as safe and connected to real economy. Even Islamic fi nance is at adolescence stage in its growth in India, its applicability is well subjected overall the Indian fi nancial services such as mutual fund, microfi nance, non-banking financial company (NBFC) based fi nancial system, and venture capital. The recent launching of Cheraman Financial Services Limited and some movements like SBI Shariah mutual funds elevate this study to introduce an alternative system to those people who suffocate in the knot of Interest. India has approximately 175 million Muslims, they are highly to be excluded from access to banking productsand services due to absence interest free fi nancial services.The gap is prevailing by the lack of mediatory functions such as Islamic financial sectors and other investment institutions. The present RBI regulations such as Repo rate, statutory liquidity ratio, and cash reserve ratio, constrain to practicing Islamic banking in India. However, excessive demand and working forms such as NBFC, Non-Government Organization, and Nidhi, show the ways to applying Islamic economic system in the Indian scenario too. So, the presentstudy focuses to fi nd out feasible models for implementing Islamic economic principles and its practical products and services in India.It is an attempt to analyze the prospects, challenges, and drawing solutions to regulatory problems. It also illustrates basic Islamic shariah principles, the Indian financial system with reference shariah based fi nancial services. To do research, exploratory method will be used and data will be collected on secondary basis.

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