scholarly journals Mineral profiling of resistant and susceptible tomato varieties against Alternaria solani causing early blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1315-1321
Author(s):  
Shafqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Susceptible Group

The current research was conducted to investigate the alterations in the mineral status in the leaves of tomato plants against early blight (EB) caused by Alternaria solani. Six tomato varieties; viz. Riograndae, Roma and Basket (resistant) and T-88572, BHN-961 and BHN-1021(susceptible) were inoculated with a blend of five isolates of Alternaria solani, collected from different regions of Faisalabad District. These six varieties for mineral profiling were selected after two years screening from twenty-five varieties of tomatoes under field conditions. These varieties were sown in pots and artificial inoculation was performed to develop disease in inoculated type of tomato plants while distilled water was applied on un-inoculated type of plants. Newly infected leaves from upper, middle and lower parts of tomato plants from resistant and susceptible groups were used to prepare sample for mineral analysis at p ≤ 0.05 and variation in mineral profiling of resistant and susceptible groups of tomato plants was determined through Nested Structured Design. Significant variation was observed in inoculated (3.12, 0.48 %, 1.17, 0.14, 0.42, 0.21, 0.69 and 1.49 ppm and un-inoculated type (8.67, 1.61%, 10.45, 0.22, 1.75, 1.98, 3.09 and 3.39 ppm) while resistant group expressed 6.59, 1.19%, 8.13, 1.973, 1.69, 1.26, 1.36, 2.43 and 2.87ppm and susceptible group exhibited 5.19, 0.91%, 5.69, 1.693, 1.24, 0.91,0.83, 1.35 and 2.22 ppm with respect to NPK, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Iron and copper. Resistant variety, Riograndae expressed maximum amount while T-88572 exhibited minimum amount of all mineral contents. Alterations in the mineral profiling in leaves of tomato plants can be used by researchers as biochemical markers for identification and development of resistant source against early blight of tomato and for the development of ecofriendly management strategy towards A. solani.

EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO SOIL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT DISEASES: II. EARLY BLIGHT AND FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd T. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Time Of Application

The effects of several insecticides and herbicides on the development of early blight and Fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Young tomato plants were grown in sand to which solutions or suspensions of these chemicals were applied repeatedly before the foliage was inoculated with spores of Alternaria solani and either before or after the roots were inoculated with spores of Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici. On the basis of lesion counts, increased early blight development resulted from applications of lindane, 2,4-D, and isodrin, and decreased disease from endrin, MH, NPA, dieldrin, IPC, dalapon, demeton and aldrin. Lindane, isodrin, and dalapon increased the severity of Fusarium wilt whereas endrin, aldrin, TCA, DDT, and dinoseb reduced it. 2,4-D and MH affected wilt development in a susceptible and a resistant variety in different ways according to the time of application in relation to inoculation, but they did not alter the reaction of an immune variety.

Antagonistic Potential of Macrolepiota sp. Against Alternaria Solani as Causal Agent of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús S. Hernández-Ochoa ◽  
Laura N. Levin ◽  
Carlos E. Hernández-Luna ◽  
Juan Francisco Contreras-Cordero ◽  
Guillermo Niño-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Blight Disease

scholarly journals Fenugreek extract application improves plant performance of Alternaria solani infected tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1263-1275
Author(s):  
Rashid Iqbal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments

Plant extracts (PE’s) has emerged as a safer alternative to manage the fungal pathogens affecting tomato productivity. The current study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of methanolic fenugreek extract against Alternaria solani, a causal agent of early blight disease in tomato. Fenugreek extract was used at different concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% under in vitro conditions. Results concluded that 25% fenugreek extract significantly reduced the radial growth (2.5 cm) of A. solani under in vitro conditions. Based on in vitro results, three concentrations (5%, 15% and 25%) of fenugreek extract was examined under greenhouse and field conditions. The outcomes expressed that 5% fenugreek extract reduced the disease severity up to 30.19% under greenhouse conditions and up to 40.53% under field trials. Although, application of fenugreek extract had exhibited non-significant impact on vegetative and reproductive growth parameters. However, its application had proved better results as compared to those plants which are infected with A. solani but received zero application of fenugreek extract. Furthermore, the effectiveness of plant extracts was evaluated by variant photosynthetic, antioxidative, polyphenolic and hypersensitive response of A. solani affected tomato plants. The 25% fenugreek extract application had augmented the chlorophyll pigments along with the significant increment of superoxide dismutase (174.16 U mg-1 protein), peroxidase (7.61 µmol min-1 g-1 protein) and catalase activity (4.73 nmol min-1 g-1 protein). Similar outcomes were observed regarding phenolic compounds, where 5% fenugreek extract application had enhanced flavonoid levels (26.62 mg QuE g-1), tannins (1.28 mg TE g-1 extract) and total phenolic contents (2.39 mg GAE g-1) in tomato leaves demonstrating its protective effect against early blight. In dose response, 25% fenugreek extract was most effective in reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing H2O2 levels. The outcomes of study exhibited the fenugreek extract as an effective strategy to be used against A. solani to control early blight infection in tomato plants. Thus, it can serve as suitable fungicide alternative for resource-poor agriculture areas mainly in developing countries.

scholarly journals Curvularia Lunata as New Causal Pathogen of Tomato Early Blight Disease in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba-Alla S. AbdElatah ◽  
Nashwa M.A. Sallam ◽  
Mohamed S. Mohamed ◽  
Hadeel M. M. Khalil Bagy
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Blight Disease

Abstract Tomato plants displaying early blight symptoms were collected from different localities in the provinces of Assiut and Sohag, Egypt. The causal pathogens were isolated on potato dextrose agar plates. Pathogenicity tests with 48 isolates were carried out under greenhouse conditions on tomato cultivar (CV 844). All tested isolates caused symptoms of early blight disease with different degrees. The highest disease severity on tomato plants was found after inoculation with isolate No. 6 followed by isolates No. 20 and No. 31. The most pathogenic isolates were identified by sequence analysis using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The analysis of the amplified sequences from fungal isolates No. 6, 20 and 31 displayed 99 - 100% nucleotide identity with Alternaria solani, Curvularia lunata and A. alternata, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Curvularia lunata as one of the causal pathogens of early blight disease of tomato plants in Egypt.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Evolutionary Processes of Alternaria solani in Brazil Inferred Using Genealogical and Coalescent Approaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Lourenço ◽  
Andrés Moya ◽  
Fernando González-Candelas ◽  
Ignazio Carbone ◽  
Luiz A. Maffia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Tomato Plants

Alternaria spp. form a heterogeneous group of saprophytic and plant-pathogenic fungi widespread in temperate and tropical regions. However, the relationship between evolutionary processes and genetic diversity with epidemics is unknown for several plant-pathogenic Alternaria spp. The interaction of Alternaria solani populations with potato and tomato plants is an interesting case study for addressing questions related to molecular evolution of an asexual fungus. Gene genealogies based on the coalescent process were used to infer evolutionary processes that shape the A. solani population. Sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the genes which encode the allergenic protein alt a 1 (Alt a 1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd) were used to estimate haplotype and nucleotide diversity as well as for the coalescent analyses. The highest number of parsimony informative sites (n = 14), nucleotide diversity (0.007), and the average number of nucleotide differences (3.20) were obtained for Alt a 1. Although the highest number of haplotypes (n = 7) was generated for ITS, haplotype diversity was the lowest (0.148) for this region. Recombination was not detected. Subdivision was inferred from populations associated with hosts but there was no evidence of geographic subdivision, and gene flow is occurring among subpopulations. In the analysis of the Alt a 1, balancing selection and population expansion or purifying selection could have occurred in A. solani subpopulations associated with potato and tomato plants, respectively. There is strong evidence that the subpopulation of A. solani that causes early blight in potato is genetically distinct from the subpopulation that causes early blight in tomato. The population of A. solani is clonal, and gene flow and mutation are the main evolutionary processes shaping its genetic structure.

scholarly journals Effect of biotherapic of Alternaria solani on the early blight of tomato-plant and the in vitro development of the fungus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Solange Monteiro de Toledo Piza Gomes Carneiro ◽  
Euclides Davidson Bueno Romano ◽  
Erika Pignoni ◽  
Marcus Zulian Teixeira ◽  
Maria Elizabeth da Costa Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Development

Background: homeopathy is a means permitted in organic agriculture to control disease and plagues; biotherapics are a practical means for farmers to intervene on the health of plants in agro-ecological systems of production. Tomato-plants can be affected by several diseases, one of the most significant ones in Brazil is early blight, caused by fungus Alternaria solani, due to the damage it causes and its wide distribution in the country. Aims: to establish whether a biotherapic of A. solani may interfere on the in vitro development of the fungus and whether it affects the severity of early blight on tomato-plants in greenhouse. Methods: the effect of the biotherapic on the fungus was evaluated through the percentage of germinated spores under microscope and the growth of colonies in a culture medium. Treatments used were: biotherapic 26cH, 27cH, 28cH, 29cH and 30cH; sterilized distilled water; and diluted and agitated hydroalcoholic solution. The effect of the biotherapic on the development of disease was evaluated in 4 experiments in greenhouse. Plants were kept in vases and subjected to artificial inoculation of the fungus after the application of treatments. Evaluation of disease was carried out through diagrammatic scale. Results: no treatment affected the germination of spores or the development of fungus colonies in the culture medium. In the first test, treatment 26cH differed from water in Tukey’s test at 5% but did not differed from diluted and agitated hydroalcoholic solution. In the second test, treatments 27cH and 28cH showed significant difference from both water and hydroalcoholic solution with an average control of disease of 57% and 62% respectively. The other 2 tests did nor exhibit any significant effect. Conclusions: there was no direct effect of the biotherapic on the fungus, but there was an effect on the severity of the disease. Factors affecting the efficiency of the biotherapic must be better understood before it can be recommended to farmers for the management of early blight in tomato-plants.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Biocontrol Agents of Early and Late Blight Diseases of Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lydia G. Mugao ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Phyllis W. Muturi ◽  
Ezekiel K. Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants

Tomato production worldwide is usually restrained by various infections, among them mainly the late and early blight caused by Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani, respectively. Lately, there has been a growing concern over the use of synthetic fungicides on environmental and food safety, hence the need to explore other alternatives that are friendly to the user, the consumer, and the general environment. This research sought to test the potency of ginger, garlic, and Mexican marigold essential oils against the early and late blight diseases of tomato under greenhouse conditions. A synthetic fungicide (Ridomil Gold®) was used as a positive control while distilled water acted as a negative control. The extraction of essential oils was done by dry steam distillation and then mixed with tween twenty before being topped up with sterile distilled water. They were then used to spray tomato plants that had been inoculated with A. solani and P. infestans isolates under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were evaluated for growth, yield, and disease severity. The data obtained was subjected to ANOVA and separation of means was conducted using Student–Newman–Keul (SNK) test at 95% level of confidence. The three essential oils had a significant potency against the two diseases which is comparable to the synthetic fungicide. Marigold essential oil was also found to have a significant impact on the general growth of sprayed tomato plants. Essential oils of the three plants can be further explored as alternative products management of the two diseases.

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