scholarly journals Bioactivities of Azadirachta indica, Murraya koenigii, liquorice and Nicotiana tobacum against two strains of Callosobruchus chinensis L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159
Author(s):  
Shireen Raza Haidri
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Liquorice Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Nicotiana Tobacum

The current research work was conducted for the evaluation of repellent and growth inhibitory potential of Azadirachta indica, Murraya koenigii, Nicotiana tobacum and Liquorice against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). Each plant extract was tested with four concentrations viz; 5, 10, 15 & 20 % for bioassay experiments. Repellent potentials of acetone extract of the plants were evaluated by using the area preference method against the pulse beetle. The four dilutions of the extracted plant materials (extract) were used at one half of the filter papers (of each) while remaining halves were solely treated with acetone (used as control experimental unit) for the comparison purposes. Data regarding repellence were taken after 12, 24 and 48 hours of the post treatment. In repellency bioassay, the highest (93.32%) repellence of Callosobruchus chinensis was observed for which against 20% concentration of A. indica extract, whereas lowest repellence (78.87%) was recorded in case of Liquorice. Repellency values of 90.07% and 84.76% were recorded in extracts of M. koenigii and N. tobacum in Faisalabad strain. In case of Lahore strain highest repellence of C. chinensis was observed for which 95.16% at 20% concentration of A. indica extract was whereas relatively lowest value (82.04%) was recorded in case of Liquorice. Repellency values of 87.27% and 91.06% were recorded in extracts of M. koenigii and N. tobacum. The results regarding growth inhibitory effect revealed that highest mean progeny inhibition (78.12%) was noted at 20% dose rate of A. indica extracted plant material after longest exposure time (60 days). Comparatively lowest inhibition (28.21%) was noted after 30 days exposure period at 5% dilution of Liquorice extract in Faisalabad strain. Mean inhibition of progeny was found directly dependent on both time as well as concentration, applied. Results revealed that highest mean progeny inhibition (85.03%) was recorded at 20% concentration of A. indica extract after longest exposure time (60 days). Comparatively, lowest inhibition (35.18%) was recorded at 5% after 30 days of application of Nicotiana tobacum extract in Lahore strain. Hence, use of plant-based materials can be helpful for the ecofriendly management of the stored grains insect pests as a part of IPM program.

scholarly journals Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Amaka Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Milicia Excelsa ◽  
Contact Effects

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

A Study on Occurrence and Haemato-biochemical Alterations in SARA in Cattle Treated with Different Therapeutic Regimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Thorat ◽  
S.T. Borikar ◽  
M.F.M.F. Siddiqui ◽  
S.R. Rajurkar ◽  
S.D. Moregaonkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis is one of the most important nutritional diseases in cattle. The consequence of feeding excessive amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in conjunction with inadequate fiber to ruminants leads to subacute ruminal acidosis. Cattles are at a high risk of developing SARA. The present research work was undertaken to study haemato-biochemical alterations in SARA affected cattle treated with different treatment regimens. Methods: Present work was done to study the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate powder, Azadirachta indica (Neem) dried leaves powder and Saccharomyces cervisiae (Yeast) in sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in cattle. Out of 148 cattle screened, 24 (16.22%) were diagnosed as SARA, 13 (56.52%) animals were in mid stage of lactation followed by early and late lactation (5 cases, 21.74% each).Result: After sodium bicarbonate treatment, animals showed changes in various haemato-biochemical parameters. However decreased neutrophils and ALT was also observed. After treatment of Azadirachta indica reduction in lymphocyte and eosinophil count was seen.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Azadirachta indica L. on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaithiyanathan ◽  
M. Soundari ◽  
M. Rajesh ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh ◽  
P. Sundaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts

The chemical compounds have been reported to be exuded by plants and their inhibitory effects of other plants. The research work was carried out to study the allelopathic effect of root, bark and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica L. on the seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Germination studies were conducted in laboratory, the bhendi seeds treated with the root, bark and leaf extracts of Neem. On the seventh day the morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents were analysed. The result showed that the rate of germination of bhendi decreased in all Azadirachta indica L. extracts. The reduction in biochemical contents of bhendi was also noted. The highest rate of germination was observed in control (distilled water) treatment and the highest rate of inhibition was observed in root extract followed by bark and leaf extracts.

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Endophytic Bacillus strains (101 and 201) Isolated from Native Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) Plants of West Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithiya Yoganathan ◽  
Kartikeya Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Tree Construction ◽  
Staining Protocol

Background: A large number of bioactive compounds are produced by neem tree (Azadirachta indica). The association between the neem tree and endophytes is not well explored in West Malaysia. Endophytes are the organisms that live inside the medicinal plants and produce bioactive compounds of medicinal importance. The present research work has been carried out to harness significant biocontrol activity showing endophytic bacterial strains. Methods: Screening for bacterial endophytes was performed by using surface sterilisation method. Sterile explants were placed on nutrient agar plates and incubated at 37oC. Plates were observed for the presence of endophytes surrounding the explants. The bacterial endophytes were identified microscopically by Gram staining protocol and molecular characterization was performed by amplification of 16 S rRNA and sequencing. Result: Twelve endophytic bacterial strains isolated in which, only two bacterial strains were found significant in terms of bio-control activity. Therefore, these two bacterial strains were selected for further study. The 16S rRNA amplification and phylogenetic tree construction of endophytic bacterial strains (101 and 201) confirmed that these bacterial strains are closest with Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium strains. 

scholarly journals Penghambatan aktivitas peneluran kumbang kacang hijau Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) oleh extrak sepuluh spesies tumbuhan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
U. Undayasari
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Improper Use

Oviposition Deterrence of Bean Weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L.(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Treated with Ten Plant Extracts. Pest and Diseases attack agricultural products not only in the field but also in storehouse. Their attack causes decreasing both quantity and quality of stored materials. One of important stored product insect pests is Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Till now the effective strategy to control this insect pest is chemical control by using synthetic insecticides. The improper use synthetic insecticides causes some undesirable effects, so alternative strategist should be searched to controls insect pests in storehouse. One of the alternatives is by using plant materials as insect pests control agent. The aim of this study was to find out the oviposition deterrence of C. chinensis treated with ten plant which were extracted with methanol, hexane and ether. Oviposition deterrence was evaluated by choice and no-choice methods at 1,3 and 5% of extract concentration. Extract of Acorus calamus (methanol), A.calamus (hexane), A. calamus (ether), Illicium verum (ether), Pogostemon calbin (hexane), P. cablin (ether), Vetiveria zizanioides (hexane), and V. zizanioides (ether) were able to deter ovipostion activity of C. chinensis by more than 90% of deterrence. Further study should be conducted to isolate and identify the active compound and to make botanical insecticide formulation for practical use as a commercial product.

scholarly journals Chemical and Antifungal Variability of Several Accessions of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. from Six Locations Across the Colombian Caribbean Coast: Identification of Antifungal Azadirone Limonoids

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Álvarez-Caballero ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Plant materials (i.e., leaves, fruits, and seeds) from 40 trees of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. were collected from six different locations across the Colombian Caribbean coast. Eighty-four ethanolic extracts were prepared and the total limonoid contents (TLiC) and the antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum conidia were measured. Their chemical profiles were also recorded via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis and the top-ranked features were then annotated after supervised multivariate statistics. Inter-location chemical variability within sample set was assessed by sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) and the chemical profiles and biological activity datasets were integrated through single-Y orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) to identify antifungal bioactives in test extracts. The TLiC and antifungal activity (IC50 values) of the A. indica-derived extracts were found to be ranging from 4.5 to 48.5 mg limonin equivalent per g dry extract and 0.08–44.8 μg/mL, respectively. The presence/abundance of particular limonoids between collected samples influenced the variability among locations. In addition, the integration of chemical and antifungal activity datasets showed five features as markers probably contributing to the bioactivity, annotated as compounds with an azadirone-like moiety. To validate the information provided by the single-Y OPLS model, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based microfractionation was then carried out on an active extract. The combined plot of chromatographic profile and microfraction bioactivity also evidenced five signals possessing the highest antifungal activity. The most active limonoid was identified as nimonol 1. Hence, this untargeted metabolite profiling was considered as a convenient tool for identifying metabolites as inter-location markers as well as antifungals against Fusarium oxysporum.

Bioprospective potentials of endophytic fungi penicillium SPP isolated from leaves of azadirachta indica (A. JUSS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Salisu Abubakar ◽  
Rebeccah Wusa Ndana ◽  
Abolade Samuel Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The focus of this research work was to isolates and identify endophytic fungi from young leaves and stems (twig) of Azadirachta indica, family (Meliaceae) for the production and assay of the produced secondary metabolites. Altogether 126 segments were used, of which 63 segments each from leaves and stems (twig) tissues were screened, using modified surface sterilization techniques. A total of 12 species of endophytic fungi were purely isolated, Penicillium spp was randomly selected for the extraction and evaluation of its secondary metabolites. The eluent collected from column chromatography mixture of ethylacetate and n- hexane (50:50v/v) was phytochemically screened, and the results showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and phenols. Based on disc diffusion method of sensitivity, the eluent possessed some degree of antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, in-vitro antioxidant potentiality of the eluent was also evaluated using 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH, Sigma Aldrich). Statistical package for social science (SPSS 3/93) software was used to analyze the results using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), which revealed no significant difference, on the effect of concentrations of eluent on test organisms but the eluent showed significant difference on scavenging free radicals at a critical value (p >0.05).

Multiphase Flow in a Subsea Hilly Terrain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Odan ◽  
Faraj Ben Rajeb ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Syed Imtiaz ◽  
Amer Aborig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Hilly Terrain

Multiphase flow is an important the phenomenon existing widely in nature, daily life, as well as petroleum and chemical engineering industry. It is especially important to understand the flow behavior of multiphase flow in a subsea hilly terrain and offshore pipelines. Accurate flow regime identification in multiphase flow is critical since multiphase flow affects the measurement accuracy of phase fraction, flow rate and other phase parameters. The main objective of this research work is to obtain a better understanding of the multiphase flow characteristics in a long pipeline. In this study, the results of an experimental research on multiphase flow that investigates fluid characteristics in a pipe has been presented. The experimental unit consists of pipes that are made up of clear PVC, which is capable of producing several different flow regimes (Stratified, bubble, slug, and annular-mist flow) of gas-liquid flows. The entire length of the flow loop is 20.574 m. The experimental unit includes sensors such as pressure transducers, thermocouples and flowmeters that enable to measure the pressure ranges from 20–300KPa, temperature ranges from 0 to 20 °C and volume flow ranges from 12–45 liter/min at numerous locations respectively. In this experimental work, bubble, and slug flow regimes have been selected in the multiphase flow pattern to be examined on the multiphase flow assurance. The results of this research will provide valuable new experimental data on multiphase flow characteristics for designated flow regimes that can improve flow assurance in subsea conditions by including the temperature and Pressure effects.

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