Methane and other Volatile HC Gasses in Produced-Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Lahoti
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Condensate Reservoir ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Economic Use

Abstract Getting correct estimates for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from water storage tanks is not only important for maintaining emission compliance for state and national regulatory authorities, but also crucial in designing the capital-intensive systems for economic use of methane and other Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) gasses. This paper highlights the significance of gas liberated from produced water tanks in the fields. The paper presents a laboratory method to estimate such emissions from produced-water storage tanks by virtue of the in-situ water getting depressurized and releasing VOCs, and other emission gasses such as Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Further, the paper provides qualitative and quantitative assessment of the gas liberated from produced-water by analyzing the gas liberated from produced-water from gas-condensate reservoir wells from the Marcellus region.

scholarly journals Environmental Effect on Fatigue Behavior of Epoxy Coating Used for Water Tanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Haider Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Microscopic Inspection ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
The Impact

The fatigue limit and lifetime of epoxy-based coatings may be affected by various factors, especially the environmental effects. This paper evaluates the impact of air, potable water media, and pollution gases (CO2, H2S, and SO2) on the fatigue performance of two types of epoxy-based coatings (polyamine and polyamide epoxy-based coatings) used as lining for potable water storage tanks. The fatigue test apparatus is assembled in the laboratory and utilized for testing. Different factors are discussed, including absorption, adsorption, and the reaction of environmental gasses with polyamine and polyamide coating surfaces. The influence of porosity on the epoxy-based coatings is experimentally determined, and its effects on fatigue limit and fatigue life are discussed in detail. As a result, the coatings were applied to improve the fatigue resistance of stainless steel. The fatigue limits of both types of coatings tested in potable water are lower than the value obtained when tested in air or gas environments. The fatigue limit of polyamine coating is greater than the polyamide coating. The microscopic inspection indicated a different mechanism for initiating fatigue crack, and the test environments are affected by the nature of the fracture surface.

scholarly journals Investigation of applying dampers in elevated water tanks using time-history analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Ehsan Rajaie
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time History Analysis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Tanks

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of water storage tanks in investigated. Using time-history analysis based on three major earthquakes, the performance of system is illustrated. Two conditions, first with damper and second with no damper are presented and the relevant results are compared. The main results consist of base shear forces and also maximum target displacements. 

scholarly journals Corrosion of stainless steel water storage tanks exposed in coastal atmospheric conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3B) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
NHI TRU NGUYEN ◽  
MAI HAN TRAN ◽  
ANH QUANG VU ◽  
HOANG TAM LUU ◽  
THI THAO NGUYEN BUI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Time Of Wetness ◽  
Water Tanks

Results of corrosion survey for stainless steel tanks used in water storage at various coastal areas are presented. Corrosion damages were revealed at both the outer and inner surfaces of tanks made of 304 and 201 steel grades. Corrosion deterioration was more severely observed for the atmospheric areas with higher airborne salinity and time of wetness.  Corrosion products examined by visual inspection and SEM-EDX technique show relatively distinctive characteristics for outer and inner surfaces which are attributed to different mechanisms of corrosion initiated by various corrosive agents in the atmosphere. Atmospheric chlorides from airborne sources are considered the main reason for causing corrosion of 304 and 201 steel grade water tanks.

The Research of the Fluid-Solid Interaction of the Passive Containment Cooling Tank and Shield Building Structure With Seismic Load in AP1000

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Dang ◽  
Daogang Lu ◽  
Wenhui Ma ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yang Hong
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Fluid Solid Interaction

The passive containment cooling system is the ultimate heat trap and the key to ensure the safe operation of the AP1000 nuclear power plant. It is very important to keep the reliability of the passive containment cooling system (PCS) in the normal conditions and also in the abnormal conditions, especially in earthquakes. Analysis on the fluid-structure interacted characteristics of the passive containment cooling water storage tanks and shield building structure in earthquake is crucial to the assessment of the effectiveness of the PCS. According to the passive containment cooling water storage tanks and shield building structure prototype size, an experiment model was established to analyze the fluid-structure interacted characteristics of the passive containment cooling water tanks and shield building by the numerical method.

Long-Term Simulation of Pollutant Loads in Treatment Plant Effluents and Combined Sewer Overflows

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Durchschlag
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Water Tanks

As a result of urbanization, the pollutant discharges from sources such as treatment plant effluents and polluted stormwaters are responsible for an unacceptable water quality in the receiving waters.In particular, combined sewer system overflows may produce great damage due to a shock effect. To reduce these combined sewer overflow discharges, the most frequently used method is to build stormwater storage tanks. During storm water runoff, the hydraulic load of waste water treatment plants increases with additional retention storage. This might decrease the treatment efficiency and thereby decrease the benefit of stormwater storage tanks. The dynamic dependence between transport, storage and treatment is usually not taken into account. This dependence must be accounted for when planning treatment plants and calculating storage capacities in order to minimize the total pollution load to the receiving waters. A numerical model will be described that enables the BOD discharges to be continuously calculated. The pollutant transport process within the networks and the purification process within the treatment plants are simulated. The results of the simulation illustrate; a statistical balance of the efficiency of stormwater tanks with the treatment plant capacity and to optimize the volume of storm water tanks and the operation of combined sewer systems and treatment plants.

scholarly journals A time series assessment of terrestrial water storage and its relationship with hydro-meteorological factors in Gilgit-Baltistan region using GRACE observation and GLDAS-Noah model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dostdar Hussain ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Khan ◽  
Syed Najam Ul Hassan ◽  
Syed Ali Asad Naqvi ◽  
Akhtar Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

AbstractMountains regions like Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province of Pakistan are solely dependent on seasonal snow and glacier melt. In Indus basin which forms in GB, there is a need to manage water in a sustainable way for the livelihood and economic activities of the downstream population. It is important to monitor water resources that include glaciers, snow-covered area, lakes, etc., besides traditional hydrological (point-based measurements by using the gauging station) and remote sensing-based studies (traditional satellite-based observations provide terrestrial water storage (TWS) change within few centimeters from the earth’s surface); the TWS anomalies (TWSA) for the GB region are not investigated. In this study, the TWSA in GB region is considered for the period of 13 years (from January 2003 to December 2016). Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level 2 monthly data from three processing centers, namely Centre for Space Research (CSR), German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), System Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)-driven Noah model, and in situ precipitation data from weather stations, were used for the study investigation. GRACE can help to forecast the possible trends of increasing or decreasing TWS with high accuracy as compared to the past studies, which do not use satellite gravity data. Our results indicate that TWS shows a decreasing trend estimated by GRACE (CSR, GFZ, and JPL) and GLDAS-Noah model, but the trend is not significant statistically. The annual amplitude of GLDAS-Noah is greater than GRACE signal. Mean monthly analysis of TWSA indicates that TWS reaches its maximum in April, while it reaches its minimum in October. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation is determined between GRACE estimated TWS with precipitation, soil moisture (SM) and snow water equivalent (SWE). We also assess the factors, SM and SWE which are the most efficient parameters producing GRACE TWS signal in the study area. In future, our results with the support of more in situ data can be helpful for conservation of natural resources and to manage flood hazards, droughts, and water distribution for the mountain regions.

scholarly journals The effect of household storage tanks/vessels and user practices on the quality of water: a systematic review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Manga ◽  
Timothy G. Ngobi ◽  
Lawrence Okeny ◽  
Pamela Acheng ◽  
Hidaya Namakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Vessel Material

Abstract Background Household water storage remains a necessity in many communities worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Water storage often using tanks/vessels is envisaged to be a source of water contamination, along with related user practices. Several studies have investigated this phenomenon, albeit in isolation. This study aimed at developing a systematic review, focusing on the impacts of water storage tank/vessel features and user practices on water quality. Methods Database searches for relevant peer-reviewed papers and grey literature were done. A systematic criterion was set for the selection of publications and after scrutinizing 1106 records, 24 were selected. These were further subjected to a quality appraisal, and data was extracted from them to complete the review. Results and discussion Microbiological and physicochemical parameters were the basis for measuring water quality in storage tanks or vessels. Water storage tank/vessel material and retention time had the highest effect on stored water quality along with age, colour, design, and location. Water storage tank/vessel cleaning and hygiene practices like tank/vessel covering were the user practices most investigated by researchers in the literature reviewed and they were seen to have an impact on stored water quality. Conclusions There is evidence in the literature that storage tanks/vessels, and user practices affect water quality. Little is known about the optimal tank/vessel cleaning frequency to ensure safe drinking water quality. More research is required to conclusively determine the best matrix of tank/vessel features and user practices to ensure good water quality.

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