Saturation and Sigma Measurements in Carbonate Formations with Multiple Pulsed Neutron Technologies: Case Study from Southeast Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coskun Bulut ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Dagdeviren ◽  
Ana-Maria Elena Andronache ◽  
Natasa Mekic ◽  
Richard R Pemper
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Reservoir Evaluation ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Southeast Anatolia ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
Pulsed Neutron ◽  
Logging Tool

Abstract This paper describes the petrophysical analysis resulting from operation of two independent pulsed neutron logging tools in the same cased hole well. The well was primarily carbonate and included many different subsurface formations located in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey that included the Derdere, Karababa A, B, and C, Karaboğaz, Bozova, and Germav. Computing the mineralogy and saturation in these environments is challenging due to the complexity and low porosity of the formations that included mixed lithologies and organic shale. One of the objectives of this work was to demonstrate how the spectral data from the two tools was not only consistent, but that they could be combined to create an optimal petrophysical interpretation of the lithology, detailed mineralogy, porosity, and saturation of the formations within the well. Both tools employed a pulsed neutron generator capable of emitting 2 x 108 neutrons/second into the ambient formation. One was a 4-detector, 1-11/16-inch diameter reservoir evaluation tool, and the other was a single detector, 3-1/4-inch geochemical spectroscopy tool. In order to obtain the best possible results, a sound logging program was created that involved running the reservoir evaluation tool in 3 different modes of operation. This included the carbon/oxygen (C/O) mode, the sigma mode, and the gas mode. Stationary measurements were also obtained. The geochemical logging tool has only a single mode of operation. The resulting sigma measurements were in complete agreement. The sigma from the geochemical logging tool was corrected for the effects of diffusion. The advantage of the slim-hole reservoir evaluation tool is that the measurements from the 4th detector are diffusion-free. Data from the 1-11/16-inch reservoir evaluation tool from the gas mode did not reveal any bypassed gas zones in the well. Oil saturation was computed with the reservoir evaluation tool based upon three logging passes in the C/O mode. An important component of the interpretation was that it was supported by MCNP modeling that predicted the tool's response for hydrocarbon saturation. Although data from the geochemical spectroscopy tool was not used to determine saturation in this well, the resulting carbon concentration, that included kerogen as well as hydrocarbons, was completely consistent with the saturation computed from the reservoir evaluation tool.

scholarly journals Objective Evaluation of Drivability in Passenger Cars with Dual-Clutch Transmission: A Case Study of Static Gearshift Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Xuexun Guo ◽  
Xiaofei Pei ◽  
Chengcai Zhang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Dual Clutch Transmission ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Fuzzy Matrix ◽  
Predictability Score

This paper is aimed at the problem that the subjective drivability evaluation by experienced test drivers is limited in time efficiency and is of high cost and poor repeatability. In this article, an intelligent drivability objective evaluation tool (I-DOET) for passenger cars with dual-clutch transmission (DCT) is developed and verified by real vehicle testing. First, the signal denoising method and its key parameters, which are suitable for drivability evaluation, are selected based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Besides, combined with the uncertainty characteristics of subjective judgment, a mathematical model of the objective drivability evaluation FARODE (fuzzy AHP-RS based on objective drivability evaluation) is proposed by using the fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) method. The AHP and rough set (RS) method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of the drivability evaluation, respectively, and the proportion of subjective and objective weights is determined by the principle of minimum relative information entropy. The fuzzy matrix is built by membership function of the evaluation indexes. Finally, the static gearshift condition focused on by the subjective evaluation experts is taken as a case study. The predictability score is obtained by combining the drivability quantization lever vector, comprehensive weight, and fuzzy matrix. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is applicable for objective drivability evaluation in passenger cars with DCT.

scholarly journals Appraising psychotherapy case studies in practice-based evidence: introducing Case Study Evaluation-tool (CaSE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Kaluzeviciute
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractSystematic case studies are often placed at the low end of evidence-based practice (EBP) due to lack of critical appraisal. This paper seeks to attend to this research gap by introducing a novel Case Study Evaluation-tool (CaSE). First, issues around knowledge generation and validity are assessed in both EBP and practice-based evidence (PBE) paradigms. Although systematic case studies are more aligned with PBE paradigm, the paper argues for a complimentary, third way approach between the two paradigms and their ‘exemplary’ methodologies: case studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Second, the paper argues that all forms of research can produce ‘valid evidence’ but the validity itself needs to be assessed against each specific research method and purpose. Existing appraisal tools for qualitative research (JBI, CASP, ETQS) are shown to have limited relevance for the appraisal of systematic case studies through a comparative tool assessment. Third, the paper develops purpose-oriented evaluation criteria for systematic case studies through CaSE Checklist for Essential Components in Systematic Case Studies and CaSE Purpose-based Evaluative Framework for Systematic Case Studies. The checklist approach aids reviewers in assessing the presence or absence of essential case study components (internal validity). The framework approach aims to assess the effectiveness of each case against its set out research objectives and aims (external validity), based on different systematic case study purposes in psychotherapy. Finally, the paper demonstrates the application of the tool with a case example and notes further research trajectories for the development of CaSE tool.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Processes in Controlling Exposure to Sunlight Supported by Simulation Tools: A Case Study in Warm Weather

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4100
Author(s):  
Mariana Huskinson ◽  
Antonio Galiano-Garrigós ◽  
Ángel Benigno González-Avilés ◽  
M. Isabel Pérez-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Impact

Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is one of the main strategies defined by the European Union to reduce global energy costs. Amongst the actions to be carried out in buildings to achieve this objective is working with passive measures adapted to each type of climate. To assist designers in the process of finding appropriate solutions for each building and location, different tools have been developed and since the implementation of building information modeling (BIM), it has been possible to perform an analysis of a building’s life cycle from an energy perspective and other types of analysis such as a comfort analysis. In the case of Spain, the first BIM environment tool has been implemented that deals with the global analysis of a building’s behavior and serves as an alternative to previous methods characterized by their lack of both flexibility and information offered to designers. This paper evaluates and compares the official Spanish energy performance evaluation tool (Cypetherm) released in 2018 using a case study involving the installation of sunlight control devices as part of a building refurbishment. It is intended to determine how databases and simplifications affect the designer’s decision-making. Additionally, the yielded energy results are complemented by a comfort analysis to explore the impact of these improvements from a users’ wellbeing viewpoint. At the end of the process the yielded results still confirm that the simulation remains far from reality and that simulation tools can indeed influence the decision-making process.

A Pulsed Neutron Comparison Between an Open and Casedhole Well: An Alaskan Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burt ◽  
T. Zhou ◽  
D. A. Rose ◽  
R. Grover ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Neutron

Field Test Results in Malaysia Wells of a New-Generation Slim Pulsed Neutron Logging Tool

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Millot ◽  
F. K. Wong ◽  
D. A. Rose ◽  
T. Zhou ◽  
R. Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Pulsed Neutron ◽  
Logging Tool

Logging Optimization and Data Analysis Enabling Bypass Pay Identification and Hydrocarbon Quantification with Advanced Pulsed Neutron Behind Casing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Iuras ◽  
Samira Ahmad ◽  
Chiara Cavalleri ◽  
Yernur Akashev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elastic Cross Section ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Lithology Identification ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Pulsed Neutron

Abstract Ukraine ranks the third largest gas reserves in Europe. Gas production is carried out mainly from the Dnieper-Donets Basin (DDB). A gradual decline in reserves is forcing Ukraine to actively search for possible sources to increase reserves by finding bypassed gas intervals in existing wells or exploration of new prospects. This paper describes 3 case studies, where advanced pulsed neutron logging technology has shown exceptional value in gas-bearing layer identification in different scenarios. The logging technology was applied for formation evaluation. The technology is based on the neutron interaction with the minerals and the fluids contained in the pore space. The logging tool combines measurements from multiple detectors and spacing for self-compensated neutron cross-capture section (sigma) and hydrogen index (HI), and the Fast Neutron Cross Section (FNXS) high-energy neutron elastic cross section rock property. Comprehensive capture and inelastic elemental spectroscopy are simultaneously recorded and processed to describe the elemental composition and the matrix properties, reducing the uncertainties related to drilling cuttings analysis, and overall, the petrophysical evaluation combined with other log outputs. The proposed methodology was tested in several wells, both in open hole and behind casing. In the study we present its application in three wells from different fields of the DDB. The log data acquisition and analysis were performed across several sandstone beds and carbonates formation with low porosities (<10%), in various combinations of casing and holes sizes. The results showed the robustness and effectiveness of using the advanced pulsed neutron logging (PNL) technologies in multiple cases: Case Study A: Enabling a standalone cased hole evaluation and highlighting new potential reservoir zones otherwise overlooked due to absence of open hole logs. Case Study B: Finding by-passed hydrocarbon intervals that were missed from log analysis based on conventional open hole logs for current field operator. Case Study C: Identifying gas saturated reservoirs and providing solid lithology identification that previously was questioned from drilling cuttings in an unconventional reservoir.

scholarly journals New Reservoir Grading Method for Tight Gas Reservoir – One Case Study in Kekeya Block, Tuha Basin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Fangfang Wu ◽  
Jinchuan Zhang ◽  
Liuzhong Li ◽  
Jinlong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Unit ◽  
Reservoir Evaluation ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Core Dataset ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoir ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Productivity Prediction ◽  
Hydraulic Flow Units ◽  
New Reservoir

Tight sand reservoir is usually characterized by high heterogeneity and complex pore structure, which makes the permeability calculation a big challenge and leads to difficulties in reservoir classification and productivity evaluation. First, five different Hydraulic Flow Units and respective Porosity-permeability relations were built based on core dataset from Kekeya block, Tuha Basin; and then with BP Neutron Network method, flow unit was classified for un-cored intervals using normalized logging data, and permeability was calculated accordingly. This improved the accuracy of permeability calculation and helped a lot on un-cored reservoir evaluation. In addition, based on porosity, permeability and flow unit type, a new reservoir grading chart was set up by incorporating the testing or production data, which provides important guidance for productivity prediction and reservoir development.

scholarly journals The Technical Efficiency of Local Action Groups: a Czech Republic Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Vrabková ◽  
Pavel Šaradín
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Action Groups

Local Action Groups (LAGs) represent a dynamic platform for inter-municipal cooperation in Europe. Their principal advantages include EU funding and the capacity to generate economic returns and stimulate the development of local communities. The methodology used for the evaluation of the performance of LAGs is defined by the EU on the one hand and by national authorities on the other. Furthermore, there are an entire array of evaluation tools and academic experiments available. The present paper does not aim at a comprehensive evaluation of LAGs, but instead only examines the technical efficiency of LAGs. Using the Czech Republic as an example, the paper introduces an evaluation tool to measure the technical efficiency of LAGs and describes how it can be applied. The adoption of this tool is seen as a means of improving one of the parameters of the performance of LAGs.

Reading in Mandarin and English: Using Reading Miscue Inventory and Retrospective Miscue Analysis with Adult English Language Learners

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Instructional Tool ◽  
Evaluation Tool

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This qualitative case study explored five college ELLs' reading processes in their native Mandarin language and the English language. The purpose of this case study is 1) to discover the reading process of five native-Mandarin-speaking adult ELLs at a large Midwestern university; 2) to learn their perceptions of reading; and 3) to learn about their strategy use in reading the selected materials in both Mandarin and English. I met with each participant individually. In the beginning I did the reading interests inventory and the Burke Reading Interview in Mandarin and in English to learn about their beliefs in the two languages. I surveyed their reading metacognition in both languages. Then I selected four pieces of texts (two in Mandarin and two in English) for RMI and RMA with each reader. At the end, I did post-interviews and post-surveys. Through the study, I kept a double entry journal. Then I conducted within-case analysis and cross-case analysis. This study found 1) by the end the participants believed reading was to know the meaning in both languages and helping them to examine their reading in their first language makes them more successful in their second language; 2) the readers used all linguistic and pragmatic language cueing systems to construct meaning in both languages, and they relied more on linguistic cueing systems in English; 3) they used all natural reading strategies and other similar strategies in both languages, and applied unique strategies to construct meaning in English; 4) the RMA sessions helped the participants build their confidence and revalue their reading, especially in English; 5) the participants became more metacognitive through the RMA sessions, and highly proficient readers may not be the most metacognitive ones. This study suggests RMI is an effective reading evaluation tool for the reading process of the first language as well as the second language. Reading teachers and ELL teachers could use RMI to understand their students' reading process and re-evaluate their students' reading comprehension. This study also suggests RMA is an effective instructional tool. The RMA sessions could build the students' confidence, focus more on meaning, and uncover their reading strategies, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. ELLs need to read actively and closely for meaning; use their successful native language reading strategies and unique strategies in their English reading; experience aesthetic reading for pleasure and read various genres and different topics; and read aloud as long as it is meaningful. ELL teachers need to help the learners establish their belief about reading; use RMI as an evaluation tool; use RMA as an instructional tool and help readers embrace their good reading strategies; encourage them to use their successful native language reading strategies and unique English language reading strategies; and encourage readers to read widely outside of classroom.

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