Designing a pediatric emergency triage and action program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunetoshi Mogi ◽  
Kazuhiko Kodama ◽  
Naoki Doi ◽  
Yasuhiko Konishi ◽  
Hiroshi Nishigori
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Training Point ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BACKGROUND In Japan, non-pediatricians face many instances in which they must see children, partly due to the uneven distribution of pediatricians among urban and rural areas. We aimed to develop and examine the effect of a model simulation-based training program in pediatric primary care for non-pediatric medical and ancillary personnel who express misgivings about seeing pediatric patients in an emergency setting due to their perception of their lack of training in this area.METHODS We instituted a series of workshops on common pediatric emergency situations, first with physicians, and later also including ancillary personnel, as a form of interprofessional education. The entire program was constructed around Design-based Research.RESULTS Feedback from attendees and facilitators was mostly positive, leading us to open the workshops to ancillary personnel.CONCLUSIONS From a training point of view, this epistemological investigation was successful in mitigating anxieties in individuals about seeing pediatric emergency patients. The effects on patient care remain to be studied.

Assessment of the attractiveness of rural areas in terms of internal migration in Russia and the EU countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
N.V. Vorontsova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Merzlov ◽  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
N.G. Platonovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Those born in rural areas move to urban areas for both temporary and permanent residence. In general, urbanization is expanding in the world, as evidenced by the increase in the proportion of the urban population. However, recently, in parallel with urbanization, especially in the developed countries of Europe, there has been a reverse flow - the resettlement of a certain part of the urban population to the countryside. It attracts city dwellers with a comparatively better ecological situation, the presence of wide spaces and a sense of freedom. All of this is also supported by modern innovative capabilities. Information and digital technologies are increasingly blurring the boundaries between urban and rural areas. However, the attractiveness of rural areas for permanent habitation in a number of cases, including in our country, is reduced due to the lack of adequate urban living conditions for life and urban-centric state policy. This primarily affects rural areas remote from cities. At the same time, the suburbs, especially megacities, are the most attractive in terms of internal migration. It accommodates the conditions of urban life and the advantage of rural areas. The article touches upon the issues of internal migration of the urban population to the countryside in Russia and a number of European countries (on the example of France and Germany). In this regard, it was noted that this tendency exists, and with an increase in dynamics. As a result of the study, the factors that influence the decision-making by the townspeople to move to settlements located in agricultural areas were identified, and a set of criteria was proposed to assess their attractiveness from the point of view of internal migration of the population.

scholarly journals From anaerobic to aerobic treatment: upcycling of digestate as a moisturizing agent for in-vessel composting process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour El Houda Chaher ◽  
Safwat Hemidat ◽  
Mehrez Chakchouk ◽  
Abdallah Nassour ◽  
Moktar Hamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrification Index ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractIn Tunisia, there are crucial challenges facing both urban and rural areas, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for waste treatment, the demand for water and energy and the need for a circular economy. To this end, the study was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle ‘biowaste to bioenergy’ treating, basically food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, the generated digestate from FW anaerobic reactors was used successfully as a moisturizing agent for FW in-vessel composting. Four types of digestate were examined to be used as moisturizing agent (MA). The selection of the appropriate MA was achieved based on technical criteria; moisture content (MC), C:N ratio and heavy metals concentrations. The findings showed that the digestate obtained from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and wheat straw (D1) was the most efficient AD-effluent to be added. In terms of composting process performance, the thermophilic phase of the amended reactor (A1) lasted 16 days and reached higher temperatures of about 72 °C, while the unamended one (A1) was characterized by a thermophilic temperature of around 66 °C indicating that the end products were of a pathogen-free compost. When it comes to the physico-chemical factors examined demonstrating that the biological conditions were sufficiently developed. The findings showed overall decreasing profiles during the composting period for moisture, C:N ratio as well as nitrification index (NI). From the quality-point of view, it was found that heavy metal concentrations had lower limits than those values set by German standards. Moreover, all the compost samples appeared to be stable and classified as class IV and V end product.

scholarly journals Well-being in urban and rural areas, challenges, general policies, and their monitoring. Some evidence for Germany before and during the COVID-19 pandemic1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Susanne Schnorr-Baecker
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Information ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Major changes in society, the economy, the natural environment and the government haven taken place. The current pandemic demonstrates even more their social importance and positive or negative effects worldwide. In particular, an increasingly cross-generational awareness of sustainability, new information and communication channels and growing international interdependencies as well as comprehensive policies fostering well-being are gaining worldwide importance and pervade all activities. Germany has – as many nations worldwide – besides its national strategies committed to implement major strategies at United Nations’ and European Union’s levels. In the following, it will be examined which differences exist in the living conditions from a spatial point of view. Using selected indicators and current data mainly from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, an urban-rural comparison is made for Germany at the lowest federal level ‘Kreise’ (NUTS 3 of the European spatial classification). Even if it is still unclear what the long-term consequences of the drastic measures of the current global COVID-19 pandemic will be, current trends will be briefly presented. Furthermore, this study presents the latest data mainly before the worldwide outbreak of the pandemic and thus will offer starting points for later analysis of opportunities and risks for urban or rural areas post COVID-19.

scholarly journals Trends in the consumption of fish and fish products in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ryzhkova ◽  
V. M. Kruchinina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Fisheries and aquaculture play an important role in ensuring food security, healthy nutrition and employment in various countries and on different continents. In Russia, the fishing industry is attractive for investment. At the same time, many important issues and problems remain unresolved in the industry. The search for promising directions for the development of the domestic fisheries sector is impossible without studying such an important indicator as the consumption of fish and its processed products. The purpose of this work is to study the indicators of fish consumption and products of its processing over a fairly long period from the middle of the last century to the present. Using the methods of scientific analysis, comparison, inductive and deductive, monographic, the following tasks were solved: the assessment of the results of the fishing industry in the Soviet period by indicators: catch, food production, import; the balance of resources for the period from 2011 to 2018 was considered.; a comparison of different consumer groups (population by age group, households in urban and rural areas) is made; fish and aquaculture production is considered from the point of view of food security, the cost indicators and opportunities of the processing industry are studied, the importance of cooperatives as an important infrastructure element, etc. The conclusions are as follows: despite official statistics, the actual consumption of fish per capita is a quarter less than the norm. For uninterrupted supply of fresh fish to the population, it is necessary: urgently allow the population of coastal zones to fish for personal consumption, develop cooperatives, integrate Centrosoyuz organizations in the value chain-catch/breeding-storage-marketing – sale; adopt a law on raw fish; study the experience of Scandinavian countries, in particular, Norway.

Beauty, Choice, and Empowerment

2016 ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Jinat Hosain
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study tries to explore the interrelated dynamics among cosmetic surgery, choice and empowerment. While poverty, poor health accessibility and gender inequality are common problems in Bangladesh, a growing number of cosmetic clinics are being established and a number of women are increasingly taking up cosmetic surgeries. This study seeks to explore why women choose cosmetic surgeries for beautification, how they experience it and whether cosmetic surgery leads women to be empowered or not. Using qualitative research methods, this study used in-depth semi structured interview, observation and case study method to collect the data from the different cosmetic surgery patients, coming from both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The data was further analyzed by coding informants' responses into themes based on the research objectives and the theory, named ‘empowerment'. The study shows that even if the women choose surgery, it does not necessarily enhance their empowerment. That is the surgery that brings changes in physical appearance and might make them attractive, but it contributes little socially in terms of enabling them to make own decision in the contest of family and in community. Rather these women act as prescribed by patriarchal norms and gendered rules. Analyzing the data from theoretical point of view, this study found that the women, irrespective of regional boundaries, can rarely fulfill the condition of empowerment in relation to choice and IAP. The study concludes with some questions and queries that need more research to be answered.

One-Year Prevalence of Migraine in Sweden: A Population-Based Study in Adults

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dahlöf ◽  
M Linde
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Time Window ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Ihs Criteria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

A randomly selected sample of 1668 individuals (782 women and 886 men) aged 18–74 years was interviewed by telephone using a standardized questionnaire including the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine. The survey was performed by SIFO, the national public opinion poll agency. The results obtained demonstrate that 21% of the Swedish population had suffered from severe headaches during the past year. A majority of these headache sufferers (61%) fulfilled the IHS-criteria for migraine. The 1-year prevalence of migraine in Sweden was found to be 13.2 ± 1.9% (16.7% among women and 9.5% among men). The prevalence of migraine in this Swedish population did not differ between the northern, middle and southern part of Sweden, or between urban and rural areas or different income groups. Only about half (49%) of the migraineurs had been diagnosed by a physician. Among the individuals who fulfilled the IHS criteria for migraine the mean attack-frequency was 1.3 per month and the mean attack-duration was 19 h. If the duration of the attack was disregarded as a strict criterion for migraine (attacks < 4 h and > 72 h were included), the prevalence increased to 17.0 ± 1.9% without affecting the sex distribution. With this amendment, 92% of those who considered their headaches to be migraine or migraine-like in fact fulfilled the alternative criteria for migraine. However, only 76% of those who believed that they had migraine or migraine-like headaches fulfilled the strict IHS criteria for migraine. An extension of the time window from 4 to 72 h may be reasonable both from a pragmatic and from a rational clinical point of view.

scholarly journals Análisis de la incidencia de la corrupción en el desarrollo regional del Perú

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
Víctor Castro Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Degree Of Association

ResumenLa corrupción afecta la democracia y el desarrollo económico de los países. En el Perú, la corrupción se percibe como el principal problema que aqueja al país, incluso por encima de la delincuencia. No obstante, no existen investigaciones que aborden la problemática desde un punto de vista empírico. La presente investigación es de tipo no experimental, se tomó comopoblación a los habitantes peruanos y como muestra todas las viviendas tanto en el área urbana como rural y cuyo objetivo general es determinar si existe una relación entre la incidenciaen la corrupción de tipo cohecho y el desarrollo regional en el Perú durante el periodo 2007 – 2017. La técnica utilizada en la presente investigación son el análisis de correlación de Pearson y los test paramétricos y no paramétricos como son el T-student y Mann-Whitney. Para tal fin, se mide el grado de asociación entre las variables citadas mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson; así mismo, mediante los test T-Student y de Mann Whitney se analiza si existe diferencias entre el nivel de corrupción entre los gobiernos. Los resultados sugieren que existe una relación negativa entre el nivel de corrupción de tipo cohecho y el desarrollo económico de las regiones en el Perú, tanto en las dimensiones de ingreso, educación y salud. Por otra parte, se constata que la incidencia de la corrupción de tipo cohecho fue mayor en el gobierno de García que en el gobierno de Humala.Palabra clave: Corrupción en el Perú, Desarrollo económico regional, Correlación Pearson, Test Paramétrico. AbstractCorruption affects democracy and the economic development of countries. In Peru, corruption is perceived as the country’s main problem, even above crime. However, there is no research that approaches the problem from an empirical point of view. This research is of a non-experimental type, taking Peruvian inhabitants as a population and all households in both urban and rural areas as a sample. The general objective is to determine whether there is a relationship between the incidence of bribe-type corruption and regional development in Peru during the period 2007-2017. The technique used in this research is Pearson’s correlation analysis and parametric and non-parametric tests such as T-student and Mann-Whitney. To this end, the degree of association between the variables cited is measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Likewise, the T-Student and Mann Whitney tests analyse whether there are differences in the level of corruption between governments. The results suggest that there is a negative relationship between the level of bribe-type corruption and the economic development of the regions in Peru, in the income, education and health dimensions. On the other hand, the incidence of bribe-type corruption was higher in the García government than in the Humala government.Keywords: Corruption in Peru, Regional economic development, Pearson correlation, Parametric test.

scholarly journals LABOUR POTENTIAL OF SIBERIA ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: EVALUATION OF MOBILIZATION OPPORTUNITIES

2017 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
R. E. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Military ◽  
Economic Use

The article attempts to evaluate the mobilization opportunities of the labor potential of Siberia on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. For this purpose, based on the materials of  All-Union census of 1939, the research identified the demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural features of the formation of the population aged 15 – 59 used later in the military economy of Siberian rear. It was concluded that from the point of view of intensive economic use of the strengths of the human array was the high proportion of youth, intense dynamics of migration and economic activity, low level of industrial employment, the existence of large reserves of female labor force in urban and rural areas. Weak sides of this array were the disperse nature of population distribution, low fixability of migrants in large cities, a significant share of male reservists, higher overall employment, low levels of literacy and education. In general, these quality characteristics in wartime conditions had an ambiguous and contradictory effect on the mobilization of human resources in Siberia in the industry of defense significance. 

scholarly journals From Anaerobic to Aerobic Treatment: Upcycling of Digestate as a Moisturizing Agent for in-vessel Composting Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour El houda Chaher ◽  
Safwat Hemidat ◽  
Mehrez Chakchouk ◽  
Abdallah Nassour ◽  
Moktar Hamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Nitrification Index ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract In Tunisia, there are crucial challenges facing both urban and rural areas, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for waste treatment, the demand for water and energy and the need for a circular economy. To this end, the study was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle ‘biowaste to bioenergy’ treating, basically food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, the generated digestate from FW anaerobic reactors was used successfully as a moisturizing agent for FW in vessel-composting. Four types of digestate were examined to be used as moisturizing agent (MA). The selection of the appropriate MA was achieved based on technical criteria ; moisture content (MC), C : N ratio and heavy metals concentrations. The findings showed that the digestate obtained from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and wheat straw (D1) was the most efficient AD-effluent to be added. In terms of composting process performance, the thermophilic phase of the amended reactor (A1) lasted 16 days and reached higher temperatures of about 72°C, while the unamended one (A1) was characterized by a thermophilic temperature of around 66°C indicating that the end-products were of a pathogen-free compost. When it comes to the physico-chemical factors examined demonstrating that the biological conditions were sufficiently developed. The findings showed overall decreasing profiles during the composting period for moisture, C : N ratio as well as nitrification index (NI). From the quality-point of view, it was found that heavy metal concentrations had lower limits than those values set by German standards. Moreover, all the compost samples appeared to be stable and classified as class IV and V end-product.

scholarly journals Potential and Scenarios of Variants of Thermo-Modernization of Single-Family Houses: An Example of the Lubuskie Voivodeship

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Arkadiusz Piwowar ◽  
Szymon Szufa ◽  
Janusz Adamczyk ◽  
Maria Dzikuć
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The excessive air pollution in the Lubuskie Voivodeship and throughout Poland is a very serious problem. One of the main causes of poor air quality is low emission, which arises at a short distance from the ground (up to 40 m). The real reduction of low emission requires a series of measures. The most important of them, include replacement of non-ecological boilers heating single-family buildings, improvement of thermal insulation of outer building walls, development of public transport, limiting the movement of old, non-ecological cars, conducting extensive educational activities, economic support for the poorest families in pro-ecological activities, and development of district heating in urban areas. The issue of thermal modernization is also important from the point of view of ensuring an appropriate level of energy security in the social dimension. The article presents a scenario analysis of activities aimed at reducing low emission through economic support for thermal modernization of single-family houses in the Lubuskie Voivodeship in Poland. The results of the conducted research prove that it is possible to carry out thermal modernization of over 12% of all single-family buildings in the Lubuskie voivodeship, assuming that the co-financing would amount to 60% of the costs of such an investment. The analyses carried out in the article are closely related to low carbon development, and a significant part of emission of harmful substances into the air comes from heating single-family buildings in urban and rural areas.

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