scholarly journals Comparative analysis of different host adaptation in two rice planthopper species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Jian Huang ◽  
Jia-Rong Cui ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Type I ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Gene Expression Variation ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Shock Proteins

Abstract Background The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) are most destructive insect pests belonging to Delphacidae. These two species differ in host range, but the underlying mechanism remained unknown.Results In this work, we compared the gut transcriptome of two planthoppers that colonized on rice, colonized on wheat, and transferred from rice to wheat. We found that the majority of differentially expressed genes in SBPH were Type I responsive, which are plastic and evolved in the same direction. Genes associated with sugar transporters and heat shock proteins showed similar expression trends between BPH and SBPH. However, distinct gene expression variation were found after BPH and SBPH transferring from rice to wheat, with detoxifying-, ribosomal-, and amino acid metabolic-related genes reciprocally regulated.Conclusion The results of this study provide evidence that non-adaptation of BPH on wheat was determined within 24 h after transferring, with the majority of genes regulating in “wrong” way. In contrast, SBPH sophisticatedly response to wheat hosts, with the majority of genes plastic and evolved in same direction. Our study promotes our understanding on herbivore adapting to different food source, and might provide a potential strategy for pest management.

scholarly journals Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andi Nurdaaniyah ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
I Wayan Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Rice Plants

<p>Brown planthopper (<em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> (Stål)) is one of the major rice insect pests that is known to cause high loss of rice production. One of the strategies to control this pest is by using resistant rice varieties. The aim of this research was to study the resistance of IPB 3S variety to BPH by measuring BPH fecundity, sex ratio, feeding activity as well as population increase compared to Ciherang variety against brown planthopper (<em>N. lugens</em>). Fecundity test used a pair of BPH adult infested on 21 days after planting (DAP) of rice plants. Eggs laid in rice stalks and the rest of eggs in the ovary were counted. In order to know the change of sex ratio, a pair of BPH adults was infested on 30 DAP rice plants and allowed to lay eggs. The calculation of sex ratio was conducted at adult stage of BPH by segregation between male and female adults. Feeding activity of BPH was evaluated using ninhydrin and analyzed qualitatively using spectrophotometer. Ten fourth instar nymphs of BPH was infested on 30 DAP old of rice seedlings. Honeydew secreted by BPH was collected to filter paper sprayed with ninhydrin. Population increased test was conducted by infesting five pairs of BPH adults on 35 DAP old rice plants. Observations was conducted on nymph and adult stages. Each test was replicated 10 times. In general, IPB 3S is slightly resistant to BPH, compared to Ciherang variety. The feeding activity of BPH is higher in Ciherang compared to IPB3S. However, the fecundity and population increased of BPH in Ciherang is similar to IPB3S.</p>

Relationships of brown planthopper resistance to tungro virus and grain characteristics in rice

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. V. Prasad ◽  
M. V. S. Sastry ◽  
J. R. K. Rao ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Kondala Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is one of the most serious insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia. Introduction of resistant varieties could be an effective means of minimizing losses from the pest. Several hundred rice cultivars resistant to the pest have been identified and the genetics of resistance has been analysed. Studies have shown that the genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bph-4, and to green leafhopper, Glh-3, are linked (Sidhu & Khush, 1979). Ideka & Kaneda (1983) reported that bph-2 for brown planthopper resistance was linked with the gene d2 for dwarfness. The present study sought to ascertain relationships between resistance to brown planthopper and tungro virus and grain characteristics.

scholarly journals Characterization of gustatory receptor 7 in the brown planthopper reveals functional versatility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Ojha ◽  
Wenqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Gustatory Receptor ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Protein Ligands

AbstractInsect pests consume tastants as their necessary energy and nutrient sources. Gustatory receptors play important roles in insect life and can form within an extremely complicated regulatory network. However, there are still many gustatory genes that have a significant impact on insect physiology, but their functional mechanism is still unknown. Here, we purified and characterized a gustatory receptor (protein) coding gene, NlGr7, from the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, which is an important insect pest of rice. Our results revealed that NlGr7 has an active association with various ligands, such as lectins, lipids (phospho- and sphingolipid) and copper. The mass-spectrometry result showed that NlGr7 is a sugar receptor, and NlGr7 is validated by different types of insoluble polysaccharides and a varied range of tastants. Furthermore, we observed that NlGr7-bound ATP hydrolysed on the ATPase activity assay, which indicated that NlGr7 may be associated with important biological functions in the BPH. The important NlGr7 for chemoreception has now been characterized in the BPH. We showed that NlGr7 in the BPH is required for various protein-ligands, as well as protein-sugars interactions, to play crucial roles in this pest. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest.

scholarly journals Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Guoqing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Rice Stripe Virus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Laodelphax striatellus damages plants directly through sucking plant sap and indirectly as a vector of rice stripe virus (RSV), resulting in serious losses of rice yield. It is one of the most destructive insects of rice in East Asia. Insecticides are primarily used for pest management, but the sublethal concentrations of insecticides may benefit several insects. The present research attempted to explore the effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid on the fecundity, apoptosis and RSV transmission in the viruliferous SBPH. The results showed that the fecundity of SBPH was significantly increased after treatment with the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, while the LC30 dose of imidacloprid reduced the fecundity compared with the control. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of increased fecundity after exposure to the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, we examined the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg), Vg receptor (VgR) and caspases in the ovaries of SBPH, and observed the apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of Vg, VgR and four caspase genes were all significantly increased by the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, and TUNEL assays suggested that the frequency of apoptosis was significantly higher in the SBPH treated by the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, suggesting a potential correlation between the increased fecundity and the apoptosis of SBPH ovarioles. Additionally, the expression levels of RNA3 and capsid protein (CP) were both increased significantly by the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, whereas were decreased by the LC30 dose of imidacloprid compared to the control. Therefore, this study clarifies the mechanisms of sublethal effects of imidacloprid on viruliferous SBPH and could be used to optimize pest control strategies.

Trap Crops: How Far We Are From Using Them in Cereal Crops?

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops

Abstract Trap crops are plants grown along with the main crop in order to manipulate insect behavior to manage the insect pests and are used as a cultural management strategy in several crops. Trap crops also provide habitat to natural enemies and can reduce the need for insecticides and hence reduce the development of insecticide resistance. The attractiveness of the trap crop, the timing of planting, and the space it occupies are major factors to consider before selecting and using a trap crop. The addition of semiochemicals and incorporation of ‘stimulo-deterrent diversion’ can increase the efficiency of trap crops. The important insect pests of cereal crops reported to managed by using trap crops include the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), on wheat and the stem borers Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Busseola fusca (Fuller) on maize and sorghum. Other insect pests such as soil-dwelling wireworms [Agriotes obscurus L., Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)] on potatoes and the aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Rhopalosiphum padi L. on wheat and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) on rice are also possible to manage by using trap crops. Cereal crops such as maize and wheat are sometimes themselves used as trap crops, yet there have been only a handful of attempts made to use trap crops in cereal crops. The major limiting factors in using trap crops in cereal crops are environmental conditions, variation in landscape and cultivation practices. Nonetheless, trap crops remain an important tool of integrated pest management, and future studies should work to improve the efficacy, cost efficiency, and availability of alternative trap crops for use in cereal cultivation.

scholarly journals Overexpression of an Osa-miR162a Derivative in Rice Confers Cross-Kingdom RNA Interference-Mediated Brown Planthopper Resistance without Perturbing Host Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12652
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Shen ◽  
Shanni Cao ◽  
Jinhui Liu ◽  
Wenqing Zhang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Host Development

Rice is a main food crop for more than half of the global population. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Currently, repeated overuse of chemical insecticides represents a common practice in agriculture for BPH control, which can induce insect tolerance and provoke environmental concerns. This situation calls for innovative and widely applicable strategies for rice protection against BPH. Here we report that the rice osa-miR162a can mediate cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) by targeting the NlTOR (Target of rapamycin) gene of BPH that regulates the reproduction process. Through artificial diet or injection, osa-miR162a mimics repressed the NlTOR expression and impaired the oviposition of BPH adults. Consistently, overproduced osa-miR162a in transgenic rice plants compromised the fecundity of BPH adults fed with these plants, but meanwhile perturbed root and grain development. To circumvent this issue, we generated osa-miR162a-m1, a sequence-optimized osa-miR162a, by decreasing base complementarity to rice endogenous target genes while increasing base complementarity to NlTOR. Transgenic overexpression of osa-miR162a-m1 conferred rice resistance to BPH without detectable developmental penalty. This work reveals the first cross-kingdom RNAi mechanism in rice-BPH interactions and inspires a potentially useful approach for improving rice resistance to BPH. We also introduce an effective strategy to uncouple unwanted host developmental perturbation from desirable cross-kingdom RNAi benefits for overexpressed plant miRNAs.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of different host adaptation in two rice planthopper species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Jian Huang ◽  
Jia-Rong Cui ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Rice Plants

Abstract Background: Host adaptation is the major determinant of insect diversification. However, knowledge of different host ranges in very close-related species is scarce. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) are the most destructive insect pests belonging to Delphacidae. These two species differ in the host range, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Comparative analysis of planthoppers’ responses to different diets would improve our knowledge of host adaptation regarding herbivores insects.Results: SBPH could well colonize on rice and wheat plants, while BPH survived on rice plants only. We analyzed the gene expression change of SBPH that transferred from rice plants to wheat plants in a short term (rSBPH vs tSBPH) and colonized on wheat plants for a long term (rSBPH vs wSBPH). We found that the majority of differentially expressed genes in SBPH showed similar expression change between short-term transfer and long-term colonization. Based on the comparative analysis of BPH and SBPH after transferring, genes associated with sugar transporters and heat shock proteins varied similarly. However, most of genes were reciprocally regulated between two species. The detoxification-related genes were upregulated in SBPH after transferring, but downregulated in BPH under the same condition; ribosomal-related genes were down regulated in SBPH after transferring, but upregulated in BPH under the same condition.Conclusion: The results of this study provided evidence that host plants played dominant roles in shaping the gene expression, with alike responding of most genes between short-term transfer and long-term colonization in SBPH. In contrast, the majority of genes in BPH were reciprocally regulated in comparison to those of SBPH, and unfitness of BPH on wheat plants might be determined within 24 hours after transferring. This study deepens our understanding of different host ranges regarding two planthopper species, and may provide a potential strategy for pest management.

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