Characterization of gustatory receptor 7 in the brown planthopper reveals functional versatility

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1101/2020.09.05.284208 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abhishek Ojha ◽

Wenqing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Receptor Protein ◽

Gustatory Receptor ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Nutrient Sources ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Protein Ligands

AbstractInsect pests consume tastants as their necessary energy and nutrient sources. Gustatory receptors play important roles in insect life and can form within an extremely complicated regulatory network. However, there are still many gustatory genes that have a significant impact on insect physiology, but their functional mechanism is still unknown. Here, we purified and characterized a gustatory receptor (protein) coding gene, NlGr7, from the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, which is an important insect pest of rice. Our results revealed that NlGr7 has an active association with various ligands, such as lectins, lipids (phospho- and sphingolipid) and copper. The mass-spectrometry result showed that NlGr7 is a sugar receptor, and NlGr7 is validated by different types of insoluble polysaccharides and a varied range of tastants. Furthermore, we observed that NlGr7-bound ATP hydrolysed on the ATPase activity assay, which indicated that NlGr7 may be associated with important biological functions in the BPH. The important NlGr7 for chemoreception has now been characterized in the BPH. We showed that NlGr7 in the BPH is required for various protein-ligands, as well as protein-sugars interactions, to play crucial roles in this pest. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest.

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Conventional and Molecular Studies of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Resistance Genes in Rice: A Basis for Future Study of Natural Insect Resistance Genes Using Molecular Markers in Nepal

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v15i1.12032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 145-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prem N. Sharma ◽

Naoki Mori ◽

Shigeo Takumi ◽

Chiharu Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Insect Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Monogenic Resistance ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Rice productivity is greatly affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Insect-pests are one of the major bioticconstraints to cause significant losses in rice production. Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, isthe most serious insect-pest of rice in Asia where most of the world rice is produced. Controlling insects usingchemicals is already proven detrimental not only to environment but also to human health. Integrated PestManagement (IPM) is the best approach to control insect pests. Host plant resistance is the principal componentof IPM along with biological, cultural and physical methods. Use of varietal resistance is the best option to controlBPH. Many BPH resistant rice varieties with natural BPH resistance have been developed and widely used againstBPH. However, frequent breakdown of monogenic resistance by new BPH biotypes has been a serious threat tocontrol BPH. To overcome such difficulty in the use of monogenic resistance, development of durable resistanceis needed as the sustainable means to control BPH. To develop durable resistance, pyramiding of BPH resistancegenes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), through marker-assisted method, is needed. For this, many BPH resistancegenes and QTLs have already been identified and mapped on rice chromosomes. This article reviews identification,mapping and pyramiding toward successful cloning of BPH resistance genes/QTLs and provides the basis/guidelines to work on natural insect resistance genes using molecular markers in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12032Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 145-156

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A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v25i1.55176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

MP Ali ◽

B Nessa ◽

MT Khatun ◽

MU Salam ◽

MS Kabir

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Mobile App ◽

Rice Production ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pest Species ◽

Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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Repellency Mechanism of Natural Guar Gum-Based Film Incorporated with Citral against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020758 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 758

Author(s):

Xiubing Gao ◽

Xianfeng Hu ◽

Feixu Mo ◽

Yi Ding ◽

Ming Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Odorant Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Or Gene

Using of plant essential oil that coevolved as a defense mechanism against agriculture insects is an alternative means of controlling many insect pests. In order to repel brown planthoppers (BPHs), the most notorious rice insect pest, a new film based on guar gum incorporated with citral (GC film) was formulated, which was effective while being environmentally friendly. In this paper, the effect and mechanism of GC film repellency against BPHs were determined. Repellent activity test and olfactory reaction analysis showed that GC film had repellency effect against BPHs, with repellency of 60.00% and 73.93%, respectively. The result of olfactory reaction indicated that GC film repellency against BPHs relied on smell. EPG analysis showed the proportion and mean duration of np waveform were significantly higher than in CK and increased following the treatment concentration, which indicated that GC film affected the recognition of BPHs to rice. Further analysis by RNA sequencing analysis showed a total of 679 genes were significantly upregulated and 284 genes were significantly downregulated in the BPHs fed on the rice sprayed with GC film compared to control. Odorant-binding protein (OBP) gene 797 and gustatory receptor gene (GR)/odorant receptor (OR) gene 13110 showed a significant decrease in differential expression and significant increase in differential expression, respectively. There were 0.66 and 2.55 differential expression multiples between treated BPHs and control, respectively. According to the results described above, we reasoned that GC film repellency against BPHs due to smell, by release of citral, caused the recognition difficulties for BPHs to rice, and OBP gene 797 and GR/OR gene 13110 appeared to be the crucial candidate genes for GC film repellency against BPHs. The present study depicted a clear and consistent repellency effect for GC film against BPHs and preliminarily clarified the mechanism of GC film as a repellent against BPHs, which might offer an alternative approach for control of BPHs in the near future. Our results could also help in the development and improvement of GC films.

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Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia ◽

10.5994/jei.17.2.97 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Andi Nurdaaniyah ◽

Dadang Dadang ◽

I Wayan Winasa

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Population Increase ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

High Loss ◽

Rice Plants

Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) is one of the major rice insect pests that is known to cause high loss of rice production. One of the strategies to control this pest is by using resistant rice varieties. The aim of this research was to study the resistance of IPB 3S variety to BPH by measuring BPH fecundity, sex ratio, feeding activity as well as population increase compared to Ciherang variety against brown planthopper (N. lugens). Fecundity test used a pair of BPH adult infested on 21 days after planting (DAP) of rice plants. Eggs laid in rice stalks and the rest of eggs in the ovary were counted. In order to know the change of sex ratio, a pair of BPH adults was infested on 30 DAP rice plants and allowed to lay eggs. The calculation of sex ratio was conducted at adult stage of BPH by segregation between male and female adults. Feeding activity of BPH was evaluated using ninhydrin and analyzed qualitatively using spectrophotometer. Ten fourth instar nymphs of BPH was infested on 30 DAP old of rice seedlings. Honeydew secreted by BPH was collected to filter paper sprayed with ninhydrin. Population increased test was conducted by infesting five pairs of BPH adults on 35 DAP old rice plants. Observations was conducted on nymph and adult stages. Each test was replicated 10 times. In general, IPB 3S is slightly resistant to BPH, compared to Ciherang variety. The feeding activity of BPH is higher in Ciherang compared to IPB3S. However, the fecundity and population increased of BPH in Ciherang is similar to IPB3S.

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Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9091202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1202

Author(s):

Bello Sani Haliru ◽

Mohd Y. Rafii ◽

Norida Mazlan ◽

Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽

Isma’ila Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Large Scale ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Scale Production ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistant Genes

Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is considered the main rice insect pest in Asia. Several BPH-resistant varieties of rice have been bred previously and released for large-scale production in various rice-growing regions. However, the frequent surfacing of new BPH biotypes necessitates the evolution of new rice varieties that have a wide genetic base to overcome BPH attacks. Nowadays, with the introduction of molecular approaches in varietal development, it is possible to combine multiple genes from diverse sources into a single genetic background for durable resistance. At present, above 37 BPH-resistant genes/polygenes have been detected from wild species and indica varieties, which are situated on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Five BPH gene clusters have been identified from chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 12. In addition, eight BPH-resistant genes have been successfully cloned. It is hoped that many more resistance genes will be explored through screening of additional domesticated and undomesticated species in due course.

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Relationships of brown planthopper resistance to tungro virus and grain characteristics in rice

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600081867 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 609-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. S. V. Prasad ◽

M. V. S. Sastry ◽

J. R. K. Rao ◽

A. Ghosh ◽

Y. Kondala Rao

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Effective Means ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Genetics Of Resistance ◽

Green Leafhopper ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Brown Planthopper Resistance

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is one of the most serious insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia. Introduction of resistant varieties could be an effective means of minimizing losses from the pest. Several hundred rice cultivars resistant to the pest have been identified and the genetics of resistance has been analysed. Studies have shown that the genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bph-4, and to green leafhopper, Glh-3, are linked (Sidhu & Khush, 1979). Ideka & Kaneda (1983) reported that bph-2 for brown planthopper resistance was linked with the gene d2 for dwarfness. The present study sought to ascertain relationships between resistance to brown planthopper and tungro virus and grain characteristics.

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Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Bioinsektisida dan Ekstrak Kompos terhadap Produksi Padi Ratun dan Populasi Serangga Hama

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v43i1.9586 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Siti Herlinda ◽

Amarilisa Kusuma ◽

Suwandi . ◽

Andi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Population Data ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Rice Production ◽

Pest Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Production Labor ◽

Compost Extract

The advantages of ratooning rice are to save water, cost production, labor, preparation time for planting and harvesting, but the ratooning productivity is still low. This research aimed to study the effect of the bioinsecticide and compost extract on ratooning rice production and insect populations. The ratooning rice was applied by bioinsecticide, compost extract, and combination of bioinsecticide and compost extract with dose 2 L ha-1 per application, respectively. Data of agronomic variables were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, whereas insect pest population data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The seedling height of ratoon applied by compost extract was the highest among treatments. The number of productive tillers per clumps and rice production on plot applied by compost extract were higher than the insecticide treatment. At the age of 17 day-ratooning rice, application bioinsecticide reduced the population of insect pests, such as Ciccadulina bipunctata, Recilia dorsalis, Nilaparvata lugens, and Nephotettix nigropictus. Thus, application of compost extract tended to improved the growth and production of the ratooning rice, while the bioinsecticide decreased the insect pest population. Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, rice growth, production

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NADPH Oxidase 5 Is Essential for Molting and Oviposition in a Rice Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 642

Author(s):

Lu-Yao Peng ◽

Zhen-Wei Dai ◽

Rui-Rui Yang ◽

Zhen Zhu ◽

Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

First Choice ◽

Nadph Oxidase 5

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a typical monophagous insect herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap. This insect pest causes serious damage to rice crops throughout East Asian countries. Chemical control remains the first choice for managing N. lugens populations; however, the use of insecticides has given rise to planthopper resurgence and additional environmental risks. Nilaparvata lugens is a model insect of Hemiptera because its whole genome sequence has been elucidated and is susceptible to RNA interference. In this study, our findings revealed that a superoxide-generating gene, NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5), is essential for molting and oviposition in a Hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens. Knockdown of Nox5 transcript levels by RNA interference in 2nd–5th-instar nymphs results in significantly lethal deficits in the molting transitions from nymph–nymph and nymph–adult. Nox5 knockdown leads to a reduction of hydrogen peroxide in female ovaries and failure of oviposition from the insect ovipositor into the rice leaf sheath. Here, we provide in vivo evidence demonstrating that Nox5 is a key enzyme for regulating molting and oviposition in this insect species.

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