Molybdenum induces alterations in the glycerolipidome that confer drought tolerance in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 5074-5086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songwei Wu ◽  
Chengxiao Hu ◽  
Xiaozhen Yang ◽  
Qiling Tan ◽  
Shuaibing Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Fluidity Of Membranes

Abstract Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Anyi Dong ◽  
Huijun Duan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Processes

Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

scholarly journals Yellow nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Shutong Hu ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Bang-Lian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Simulated Drought

Abstract Using RACE PCR, full length WRI1-like gene was amplified from yellow nutsedge. Conserved domain and phylogenetic analyses suggested it as WRI3/4-like gene. Tissue-specific expression data showed the highest expression in leaves, followed by roots while the lowest expression was detected in tuber. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene showed significantly improved tolerance to both PEG-simulated drought stress and real dehydration, compared with the wild type (WT). Under normal growth conditions, the expressions of key fatty acid biosynthesis genes was not significantly different between WT and transgenic lines, while the expressions of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis was significantly higher in transgenic lines compared with the WT. The PEG-simulated drought stress did not induce any significant change in the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes in WT plants, while the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes was significantly increased in transgenic lines compared with WT as well as unstressed transgenic control. The expression of TAG1, the gene involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, was significantly lower in the transgenic lines than that in the WT in normal growth conditions. Drought stress slightly decreased the expression of TAG1 in the WT, but significantly lowered it in transgenic lines compared with its unstressed transgenic control and WT. Consistent with gene expression data, the cuticular wax content in Arabidopsis leaves was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in the WT, while the oil content was not significantly different. Our results indicated that WRI3/4-like gene from Cyperus esculentus improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis probably by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis and, hence, could be a valuable target for improving drought tolerance in crops through recombinant DNA technology.

scholarly journals Ipomoea pes-caprae IpASR Improves Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Xuan Zheng ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Hua-Xiang Su ◽  
Kuai-Fei Xia ◽  
Shu-Guang Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Treatment ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Asr Gene

Ipomoea pes-caprae L. is an extremophile halophyte with strong adaptability to seawater and drought. It is widely used in the ecological restoration of coastal areas or degraded islands in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, a new abscisic acid, stressandripening (ASR) gene, IpASR, was reported, and is mainly associated with biological functions involved in salt and drought tolerance. Sequence analysis of IpASR showed that this protein contains an ABA/WDS (abscisic acid/water deficit stress) domain, which is a common feature of all plant ASR members. Overexpression of IpASR improved Escherichia coli growth performance compared with the control under abiotic stress treatment. The transgenic overexpressing IpASR Arabidopsis showed higher tolerance to salt and drought stress than the wild type and lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2−) accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme activity in vivo. IpASR exhibits transcription factor’s activity. Therefore, the overexpression of IpASR in Arabidopsis is supposed to influence the expression of some genes involved in anti-oxidative and abiotic stresses. The results indicate that IpASR is involved in the plant response to salt and drought and probably acts as a reactive oxygen species scavenger or transcription factor, and therefore influences physiological processes associated with various abiotic stresses in plants.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Administering Crucial Processes Against Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Sonia Mbarki ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Current Review

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and physiological processes involved in the growth and development of plants. Nowadays, due to changing climatic scenario, numerous biotic and abiotic stresses hamper seed germination, seedling growth, and plant development leading to a decline in biological and economic yields. However, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can potentially play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses and hence, contribute to plant adaptation under adverse environments. The major effects of abiotic stresses are growth and yield disturbance, and both these effects are directly overseen by the PGRs. Different types of PGRs such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs) are connected to boosting the response of plants to multiple stresses. In contrast, PGRs including cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), auxin, and relatively novel PGRs such as strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in plant growth and development under normal and stressful environmental conditions. Besides, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO), although not considered as phytohormones, have been included in the current review due to their involvement in the regulation of several plant processes and stress responses. These PGRs are crucial for regulating stress adaptation through the modulates physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and activation of the defense system, upregulating of transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolism genes, and stress proteins at cellular levels. The current review presents an acumen of the recent progress made on different PGRs to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, salinity, and flood. Moreover, it highlights the research gaps on underlying mechanisms of PGRs biosynthesis under stressed conditions and their potential roles in imparting tolerance against adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions.

scholarly journals EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF SALICYLIC ACID AT DIFFERENT PLANT GROWTH STAGES IMPROVES PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 541-548
Author(s):  
Syed Mohsin Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is a famous flowering plant in the world which has medicinal and industrial values. In Pakistan, it is an important floricultural crop and used widely as bedding plant. Pakistan is facing water shortage, which is affecting crops growth and productivity including marigold badly. Drought stress reduces plant growth, physiological and biochemical processes and flower yield in marigold. Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone and its exogenous application is an effective approach to support plant during drought stress and mitigate its harmful impacts. Present study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous salicylic acid application on growth response and drought tolerance potential of marigold. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in rain out shelter with four treatments of SA i.e., no SA application, SA foliar @ 100 mg L-1 application at vegetative growth, reproductive growth and at vegetative plus reproductive growth stages, under normal irrigation as well as under drought stress conditions were imposed. Drought stress was applied by skipping every alternate irrigation. The results showed that SA application at reproductive growth stage of marigold improved plant growth by improving its physiological processes during drought stress. It was concluded that exogenous application of SA, not only increased bioproductivity of marigold plants but also ameliorated the negative impacts of drought stress by enhancing drought tolerance potential in plants.

scholarly journals Plant and seed germination responses to global change, with a focus on CO2: A review

One Ecosystem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour ElHouda Debouza ◽  
Shaijal Babu Thruppoyil ◽  
Karthika Gopi ◽  
Sabika Zain ◽  
Taoufik Ksiksi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Physiological Traits

Earth atmospheric CO2 concentration has risen by over 35% since 1750 and is presently increasing by about 2 parts per million (ppm) every year. Due to contributions from human activity, CO2 is projected to keep rising in the predictable future and to double sometime during this century if fossil fuels burning remains. As a result, air temperature is projected to rise from 2 to 5 °C by 2100. Following this rise in CO2, some ecosystems will face challenges in the next few decades as plants will live in warmer temperatures, higher evaporating demand and widespread changes in drought lengths and severity. To yield healthy crops and forests in changing climate surroundings, it is vital to define whether elevated CO2 disturbs seed germination and plant formation, but even more, the physiological traits conferring drought tolerance. Here, we review the current understanding on the role that CO2 plays on plant growth and seed germination, as well as its impact during the exposure of abiotic stresses like drought and salinity.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles help to enhance plant growth and alleviate abiotic stress: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faizan ◽  
Fangyuan Yu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Ahmad Faraz ◽  
Shamsul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agricultural Yield

: Abiotic stresses arising from atmosphere change belie plant growth and yield, leading to food reduction. The cultivation of a large number of crops in the contaminated environment is a main concern of environmentalists in the present time. To get food safety, a highly developed nanotechnology is a useful tool for promoting food production and assuring sustainability. Nanotechnology helps to better production in agriculture by promoting the efficiency of inputs and reducing relevant losses. This review examines the research performed in the past to show how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are influencing the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Application of ZnO-NPs is one of the most effectual options for considerable enhancement of agricultural yield globally under stressful conditions. ZnO-NPs can transform the agricultural and food industry with the help of several innovative tools in reversing oxidative stress symptoms induced by abiotic stresses. In addition, the effect of ZnO-NPs on physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative activities in various plants have also been examined properly. This review summarizes the current understanding and the future possibilities of plant-ZnO-NPs research.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

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