scholarly journals Screening of febrile cows using infrared thermography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Bleul ◽  
Michael Hässig ◽  
Fabienne Kluser
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Medial Canthus ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Thermographic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Camera

Abstract Background As dairy herds increase in size, close monitoring of health becomes a necessity, but this is expensive and labour-intensive. Early detection of febrile diseases is essential for economical and welfare reasons and to prevent the spread of disease. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate a mobile, non-invasive technique for measuring the body temperature of cows that precludes the need for restraint of the animals. An infrared thermographic imaging camera installed on a smart phone was used to measure the surface temperature of cows. In experiment 1, a metal block heated to defined temperatures was used to obtain infrared thermographic measurements. The accuracy of measurements made at different distances from the block and at two different ambient temperatures was determined. In experiment 2, non-febrile cows in a tie-stall barn underwent infrared thermographic imaging, and the body regions with the highest correlations between thermographic and rectal temperature were identified. In experiment 3, thermographic measurements were made in febrile and neighbouring non-febrile cows.Results In experiment 1, the thermographic and true temperatures of the block had the strongest relationships at 0.5 and 1.0 m (r = 0.98). In addition to distance, the ambient temperature had a significant effect on the measurements. In experiment 2, the thermographic measurements at the muzzle (r = 0.28), the eye (r = 0.37) and the medial canthus (r = 0.27) had the strongest relationships with the rectal temperature in non-febrile cows. After correcting the thermographic measurements with the mean difference between thermographic and rectal temperatures of the non-febrile cows, sensitivities of 88, 90 and 82%, respectively, were calculated for thermographic measurements at the muzzle, eye and medial canthus in febrile cows in experiment 3. The corresponding specificities were 6, 23 and 32%.Conclusions Based on the low specificities of the infrared thermographic measurements, the thermographic imaging camera has limited usefulness for the mass screening of dairy cows for febrile conditions. Cattle falsely identified as febrile need to be separated, caught and re-examined, which causes unnecessary stress to the animal and increases labour input.

Screening of febrile cows using a small handheld infrared thermography device

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Ulrich Bleul ◽  
Michael Hässig ◽  
Fabienne Kluser
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Medial Canthus ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Thermographic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Camera

Abstract Objective As dairy herds increase in size, close monitoring of health becomes a necessity, but this is expensive and labour-intensive. Early detection of febrile diseases is essential for economical and welfare reasons and to prevent the spread of disease. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate a mobile, non-invasive technique for measuring the body temperature of cows that precludes the need for restraint of the animals. Materials and methods An infrared thermographic imaging camera installed on a smart phone was used to measure the surface temperature of cows. In experiment 1, a metal block heated to defined temperatures was used to obtain infrared thermographic measurements (THM). The accuracy of THM made at different distances from the block and at 2 different ambient temperatures was determined. In experiment 2, non-febrile cows underwent infrared thermographic imaging, and the body regions with the highest correlations between thermographic and rectal temperature were identified. In experiment 3, THM were made in febrile and neighbouring non-febrile cows. Results In experiment 1, the thermographic and true temperatures of the block had the strongest relationships at 0.5 and 1.0 m (r = 0.98). The ambient temperature had a significant effect on the THM, which had larger variations and greater deviations from the block temperature at 14.8 °C than at 23.8 °C. In experiment 2, the maximum temperature at the eye (r = 0.37), THM at the muzzle (r = 0.28) and the medial canthus (r = 0.27) showed the strongest relationships with the rectal temperature. After correcting the THM with the mean difference between thermographic and rectal temperatures of the non-febrile cows, sensitivities of 88, 90 and 82 %, respectively, were calculated for THM at the muzzle, eye and medial canthus in febrile cows in experiment 3. The corresponding specificities were 6, 23 and 32 %. Conclusion and clinical relevance Based on the low specificities of the infrared THM, the thermographic imaging camera has limited usefulness for the mass screening of dairy cows for febrile conditions. Cattle falsely identified as febrile need to be separated, caught and re-examined, which causes unnecessary stress to the animal and increases labour input.

scholarly journals Comparison of Rectal and Infrared Thermometry Temperatures in Anesthetized Swine (Sus scrofa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Kerrie L Farrar ◽  
Amy E Field ◽  
Sarah L Norris ◽  
Kenneth O Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Animal Handling

Infrared thermometry (IRTM) is a noncontact method to measure temperature. The purpose of this study was to compare rectal temperature and IRTM in healthy anesthetized swine, with the hypothesis that IRTM would be an accurate, noninvasive alternative for rectal temperature measurement. Two groups of female Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 14 and n = 12) were sedated with Tiletamine–zolazepam (0.5 mg/kg) for blood collection during a routine physical examination. While sedated, rectal temperatures were measured using a SureTemp Plus 690 (Welch Allyn) and IRTM measurements were taken using a FLIR E5 thermal imaging camera. The 2 anatomic sites used for thermography measurements were the area surrounding the eye and the neck at the base of the ear. The distance from the imaging camera and the animal during IRTM measurements was 24 to 32 inches, a distance that would allow camera access in a standard swine enclosure. The infrared imaging camera's surface temperature measurement exhibited a proportional bias when compared with the rectal temperature. All rectal temperature measurements were between 98.7 °F to 101.3 °F, with a mean temperature of 100.4 °F. IRTM tended to underestimate rectal temperatures at lower values, and overestimate rectal temperatures at higher values by approximately (+) or (-) 0.8 °F of rectal temperature. Infrared thermometry can provide a quick noninvasive assessment of the body surface temperature, without the need for animal handling or restraint, but should not be considered an accurate replacement for rectal temperature measurement.

ADAPTATION OF WHITE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) TO REPEATED COOLING

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Decrease

The effects, on the body temperature of white mice, of repeated short exposures to cold were investigated using two methods of restraint. Animals held in a flattened posture became hypothermic at room temperature, cooled more than five times as fast at −10 °C as mice that could adopt a heat-conserving posture, and continued to cool for some time after they were removed from the cold. With repeated tests, cooling at room temperature decreased, and an improvement in re warming ability was observed. In addition, with lightly restrained mice, the fall in rectal temperature during cold exposure showed a progressive decrease, a phenomenon not observed with severely restrained animals.

Forearm brachial artery to brachial vein looped arteriovenous grafts: A single center, single surgeon observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110150
Author(s):  
Jeremy Liu ◽  
Josiah Situmeang ◽  
Devin Takahashi ◽  
Russell Harada
Keyword(s):  
Primary Patency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Brachial Vein ◽  
Arteriovenous Grafts

Background: Long-term hemodialysis (HD) treatment requires the establishment of a cannulatable vascular access (VA) point. While the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the gold standard, the arteriovenous graft (AVG) is a viable alternative especially in patients with poor superficial venous anatomy. Few studies have assessed the efficacy of the brachial-brachial arteriovenous graft (BB-AVG) for long-term HD access. By analyzing one surgeon’s experience in creating, surveilling and maintaining BB-AVGs, this retrospective study aims to add to the body of literature in assessing patency outcomes of BB-AVGs. Methods: We identified 57 BB-AVGs that met inclusion criteria and were created between October 6, 2005 and May 1, 2019 by a single surgeon in 54 patients. We analyzed primary failures, patency, complications and interventions. Patency rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The incidence of complications and interventions were expressed as number of events per person-year. Results: A total of 54 patients (median age of 65 years) were analyzed. Primary patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 20.4% 7.4%, and 5.0%. Primary assisted patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 46.7%, 33.5%, and 15.1%. The secondary patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 81.8%, 63.8%, and 60.1%, respectively. The incidence of complications and interventions was 2.164 per person-year. Most complications and interventions were due to stenosis (1.202 per person-year) or thrombosis (0.802 per person-year). Conclusion: In patients with poor superficial veins, the brachial vein is a reasonable alternative to use as the venous outflow. However, in order to achieve acceptable patency rates, close monitoring of the VA, as well as aggressive treatment of complications within the brachial vein is necessary. Overall, the BB-AVG should be considered in patients who lack adequate superficial veins and require preservation of the more proximal veins.

scholarly journals Schizophrenic patients’ cognitive functions in relation to their metabolic profile: a cross-sectional, comparative study on an Egyptian sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Hegazy Ali ◽  
Doha Mostafa Elserafi ◽  
Marwa Abdel Rahman Soltan ◽  
Mohamed Fikry Eissa ◽  
Hanan Ahmed Zein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Management

Abstract Background Patients with schizophrenia suffer from diffuse cognitive impairment and high prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic risks, associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed in this study to test the presence of cognitive impairment in a sample of patients with schizophrenia, and evaluate its possible relations to patients’ metabolic profile. We recruited forty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their matched controls from the inpatient departments and outpatient services from January to December 2016. Schizophrenia diagnosis was confirmed by the ICD10 criteria checklist. Symptoms profile and severity were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Cognitive profile was assessed through (1) Trail Making Test, Parts A and B and (2) Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Visual Reproduction Test. Metabolic profile was assessed by measuring the body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. SPSS (V. 22.0, IBM Corp., USA, 2013) was used for data analysis. Results The patients group had a significantly higher means in the speed of processing, executive function, attention, and working memory scores on TMT-A (p = 0.0), TMT-B (p = 0.00), and WMS-R (p = 0.029) and significantly higher FBG levels (p = 0.00). Correlation studies showed that the increase in patients’ age, illness duration, treatments, number of hospitalizations, number of episodes and of ECT sessions received, symptoms severity, and deficits in cognitive function scores was associated with higher BMI and FBG. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors than the general population. Close monitoring and early management of these risk factors can promote better cognitive abilities and overall functions.

Seasonal changes in the body surface temperature of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. Kim ◽  
S. J. Kim ◽  
J. H. Park ◽  
M. R. Oh ◽  
S. Y. Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Average Body

The present study aimed to gather basic information on measuring body surface temperature (BST) of cattle by using infrared thermography (IRT) and find out whether BST measurement is a useful method to detect thermal balance of livestock. Twenty-seven Hanwoo steers were examined in a field trial. The BST of five body regions (eye, nose, horn, ear, rear) was measured five times daily, with three replicates, during 3 days each season. Body surface temperature of cattle is directly affected by ambient temperature and humidity, and showed different ranges for each region. The BSTs of nose, horns and ears were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of eyes and rear area. Rear-area BST was significantly lower than eye-area BST when the ambient temperature was low (P < 0.05). Eye BST (EBST) was highest (P < 0.05) and the least variable of all BSTs measured. Therefore, the eye area of cattle was the most thermostable part of the body. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among seasonal EBSTs of steers. The EBST range was highest in the summer (37.9–42.2°C), followed by autumn (34.3–37.4°C), spring (33.8–36.5°C) and winter (29.8–32.6°C). During extreme cold, EBST showed a large standard deviation. During conditions of extreme heat, EBST was above the average body temperature of cattle. The results of the present study indicated that BST well reflects the thermal circumstances surrounding animals and may be used as one of the effective tools for precision cattle farming.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CELL PHONE USAGE AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Mandhwani ◽  
Sadaf Zia ◽  
Emad Salman Shaikh ◽  
Dante Duarte ◽  
Erum Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
Camera Phone ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Margin Of Error

The adverse effects of excessive mobile phone (MP) use on children include deprivation from sleep, increased risk of lack of concentration, depression, anxiety and obesity. No such study has been conducted in children from Pakistan. Objectives: To assess the association of MP usage and musculoskeletal disorders in school going children. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey. Data were collected from different private schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Convenient non probability sampling technique was used. A sample size of 385 students was taken keeping a confidence interval of 95% with 5% margin of error. Results: A total of 385 subjects participated. It was also noticed that 75.6% (291) students have smart phone and 5.2% (20) have conventional phone and remaining 19.2% (74) have camera phone. It was noticed that the participants 306 (79.5%) said they slept for 1–2[Formula: see text]h daily and 30 (7.8%) had sleep for 3–4[Formula: see text]h daily. One hundred and four 104 (27%) had noticed pain in neck. Conclusion: The use of MP for any activity was associated with sleep deprivation and pain in wrist/hands followed by neck and upper back pain. The usage of MP should be limited to avoid the stress on musculoskeletal parts of the body.

scholarly journals Discovering the forbidden Raman modes at the edges of layered materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. eaau6252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Guo ◽  
Weixuan Zhang ◽  
Hanchun Wu ◽  
Junfeng Han ◽  
Yongliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Layered Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Edge Type ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Raman Modes ◽  
Raman Study

The edges of layered materials have unique properties that substantially differ from the body regions. In this work, we perform a systematic Raman study of the edges of various layered materials (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, PtS2, and black phosphorus). The Raman spectra of the edges feature newly observed forbidden Raman modes, which are originally undetectable from the body region. By selecting the edge type and the polarization directions of the incident and scattered light, all forbidden Raman modes are distinctly detected. Optical simulations show that the edges of layered materials drastically distort the electromagnetic fields of both the incident and scattered light, so that the light interacts with the edges in a distinct way, which differs from its interactions with the body regions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rectal and Skin Temperature Variations of Anesthetised Dogs Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Andra DEGAN ◽  
Ruxandra TUDOR ◽  
Ruxandra COSTEA ◽  
Dragoș BÎRȚOIU ◽  
Mihai SĂVESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Before And After

General anesthesia produces different degrees of central nervous depression and changes in the peripheral circulation, therefore affecting the patient’s thermoregulatory mechanism. Moreover, the lack of proper, specially designed equipment for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment monitoring can represent a challenge for the anesthetist. We examined the temperature variations correlated with different anesthetic protocols in dogs that underwent general anesthesia in order to evaluate changes in rectal and distal extremities temperature, before and after anesthesia. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest, on 21 dogs that were divided in 3 groups depending on the anesthetic protocol used. First group (B) received butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, intravenously IV), second group (BK) had butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and a low dose of ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV, and group 3 (BM) was premedicated with butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) IV. All patients were induced with propofol i.v. (3.24±0.68), intubated and maintained with isoflurane and oxygen. We determined rectal temperature before and right after the end of anesthesia with a digital thermometer and distal extremities temperature with the use of a thermal imaging camera attached to a smartphone. There was no significant difference between the rectal temperature before and after anesthesia within the 3 groups. Patients in group BK had a significant change in skin temperature at the end of anesthesia in all limbs (from 310C to 29.8 0C, p=0.008 and from 31 0C to 29.70C, p=0.009), respectively). Temperature variations were presented before and at the end of anesthesia, for all the groups especially at skin level. This study revealed that mobile thermal imaging represents a non-invasive technique that is helpful in assessing real time temperature changes in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Pain Status Monitoring in Adolescent Dancers

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Alen Miletic ◽  
Radmila Kostic ◽  
Ana Bozanic ◽  
Durdica Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Status Monitoring ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Pain Status ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Adolescent Dancers ◽  
Dance Groups

Various dance techniques and performances have different effects on the biomechanics of the body and may lead to different injury profiles. Few studies have analyzed the risk of injury associated with particular types of dance, especially in adolescents when accelerated growth compounds the risk of injury. Ninety-six female dancers with international competitive dance experience from four Balkan European countries were selected from a population of 347 adolescent dancers for this study. Their average age was 13.8 yrs (range, 12 to 16). The subjects were divided into four groups according to their dance styles: cheerleading, dance show, disco dance, and standard and Latin dance. The first aim of the study was to identify differences between the various dance style groups in body mass index (BMI) and dance sport involvement. According to Wilks' test (oneway MANOVA), there was a significant multivariate effect (F = 13.8; p < 0.001) between the four dance groups. The dancers belonging to the disco group started systematic training earlier than the other dancers, the standard and Latin dancers practiced the most intensively, and the show dancers had considerably lower BMI than the disco dancers. The second aim of the study was to define the pain status in 14 body regions for dancers in the various dance styles by monitoring their pain status with the SEFIP questionnaire. The most common locations for pain were the calves (43.7%), knees (32.7%), and ankles (27.2%). According to the χ2 test, cheerleading dancers reported a significantly higher frequency of knee injuries, and standard and Latin dancers reported a significantly higher frequency of toe injuries. The specific way in which some dance disciplines are practiced and their dance techniques do induce characteristic injuries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document