Pain Status Monitoring in Adolescent Dancers

Various dance techniques and performances have different effects on the biomechanics of the body and may lead to different injury profiles. Few studies have analyzed the risk of injury associated with particular types of dance, especially in adolescents when accelerated growth compounds the risk of injury. Ninety-six female dancers with international competitive dance experience from four Balkan European countries were selected from a population of 347 adolescent dancers for this study. Their average age was 13.8 yrs (range, 12 to 16). The subjects were divided into four groups according to their dance styles: cheerleading, dance show, disco dance, and standard and Latin dance. The first aim of the study was to identify differences between the various dance style groups in body mass index (BMI) and dance sport involvement. According to Wilks' test (oneway MANOVA), there was a significant multivariate effect (F = 13.8; p < 0.001) between the four dance groups. The dancers belonging to the disco group started systematic training earlier than the other dancers, the standard and Latin dancers practiced the most intensively, and the show dancers had considerably lower BMI than the disco dancers. The second aim of the study was to define the pain status in 14 body regions for dancers in the various dance styles by monitoring their pain status with the SEFIP questionnaire. The most common locations for pain were the calves (43.7%), knees (32.7%), and ankles (27.2%). According to the χ2 test, cheerleading dancers reported a significantly higher frequency of knee injuries, and standard and Latin dancers reported a significantly higher frequency of toe injuries. The specific way in which some dance disciplines are practiced and their dance techniques do induce characteristic injuries.

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Seasonal changes in the body surface temperature of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Y. Kim ◽

S. J. Kim ◽

J. H. Park ◽

M. R. Oh ◽

S. Y. Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Body Surface ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

The Body ◽

Body Regions ◽

Extreme Cold ◽

Body Surface Temperature ◽

Average Body

The present study aimed to gather basic information on measuring body surface temperature (BST) of cattle by using infrared thermography (IRT) and find out whether BST measurement is a useful method to detect thermal balance of livestock. Twenty-seven Hanwoo steers were examined in a field trial. The BST of five body regions (eye, nose, horn, ear, rear) was measured five times daily, with three replicates, during 3 days each season. Body surface temperature of cattle is directly affected by ambient temperature and humidity, and showed different ranges for each region. The BSTs of nose, horns and ears were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of eyes and rear area. Rear-area BST was significantly lower than eye-area BST when the ambient temperature was low (P < 0.05). Eye BST (EBST) was highest (P < 0.05) and the least variable of all BSTs measured. Therefore, the eye area of cattle was the most thermostable part of the body. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among seasonal EBSTs of steers. The EBST range was highest in the summer (37.9–42.2°C), followed by autumn (34.3–37.4°C), spring (33.8–36.5°C) and winter (29.8–32.6°C). During extreme cold, EBST showed a large standard deviation. During conditions of extreme heat, EBST was above the average body temperature of cattle. The results of the present study indicated that BST well reflects the thermal circumstances surrounding animals and may be used as one of the effective tools for precision cattle farming.

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Posture Analysis Using Nordic Body Map and Rapid Office Strain Assessment Methods to Improve Work Posture

JIEMS (Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems) ◽

10.30813/jiems.v14i1.2419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melia Agustin ◽

Hendy Tannady ◽

Octa Ferdian ◽

Samuel Imanuel Gunawan Alamsjah

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Severe Pain ◽

Service Sector ◽

The Body ◽

Educational Services ◽

Posture Analysis ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Work Posture ◽

Body Map ◽

A Company

Jaya Launch Pad is a company engaged in educational services. It is undeniable that service sector companies such as Jaya Launch Pad also have a workforce whose work posture may be less ergonomic, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders can be experienced by people of all ages. Therefore, this study focuses on work posture. This research occurred because of complaints experienced by staff. The number of samples used in this study was 1 person. This was influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic situation so that there was only 1 staff when the observation was made. The research method used was the nordic body map (NBM) to determine which parts of the body are experiencing complaints, and the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) to measure the risk of injury due to the posture of sitting at a computer for 8 hours. The result is that the complaint assessment using the NBM questionnaire has a score of 52 (needs improvement at a later date) with 4 categories of severe pain, namely back, waist, buttocks, and buttocks. Meanwhile, the score from the ROSA table is 6 which means it is risky / dangerous so that it needs improvement. Therefore, a proposed condition is given in the form of a replacement of work facilities in the form of a work chair with adjustable height and adjustable armrests. This improvement is assumed to be able to reduce the level of staff complaints, and the calculation result of the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) is 4 which means no risk so that this improvement is accepted and can solve the work posture problem of staff at Jaya Launch Pad.

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Discovering the forbidden Raman modes at the edges of layered materials

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aau6252 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. eaau6252 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yao Guo ◽

Weixuan Zhang ◽

Hanchun Wu ◽

Junfeng Han ◽

Yongliang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectra ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Scattered Light ◽

Layered Materials ◽

The Body ◽

Body Region ◽

Edge Type ◽

Body Regions ◽

Raman Modes ◽

Raman Study

The edges of layered materials have unique properties that substantially differ from the body regions. In this work, we perform a systematic Raman study of the edges of various layered materials (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, PtS2, and black phosphorus). The Raman spectra of the edges feature newly observed forbidden Raman modes, which are originally undetectable from the body region. By selecting the edge type and the polarization directions of the incident and scattered light, all forbidden Raman modes are distinctly detected. Optical simulations show that the edges of layered materials drastically distort the electromagnetic fields of both the incident and scattered light, so that the light interacts with the edges in a distinct way, which differs from its interactions with the body regions.

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Development of Upper-Limb Assist Suit for Reduction Physical Load in Leaf Photosynthesis Measurement

International Journal of Modeling and Optimization ◽

10.7763/ijmo.2020.v10.768 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 185-190

Author(s):

Toshitake Araie ◽

◽

Ikeda Tomozumi ◽

Akira Kakimoto ◽

Shunsuke Adachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

The Body ◽

Physical Load ◽

Leaf Photosynthesis ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Work Posture

Agricultural tasks result in significant strain on the arms, thereby necessitating posture support. One such task is measuring the photosynthetic capacity of individual leaves. This task requires the operator to hold a measuring device for long periods, which is physically demanding. This study aims to develop an assist suit to reduce the physical load involved in photosynthesis measurement work. We used work posture evaluation methods to quantify the workload of this task and identified the parts of the body at high-risk of injury. Then, we designed an assist suit based on the required specifications and verified its effectiveness.

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The WOMAC Pain Scale and Crosstalk From Co-occurring Pain Sites in People With Knee Pain: A Causal Modeling Study

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzaa098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 1872-1881

Author(s):

Daniel L Riddle ◽

Robert A Perera

Keyword(s):

Knee Pain ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Causal Modeling ◽

The Body ◽

Test Theory ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Womac Pain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Body Regions

Abstract Objective The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) pain scale quantifies knee pain severity with activities of daily living, but the potential impact of pain in other body regions on WOMAC pain scores has not been explored using a causal modeling approach. The purpose of this study was to determine if pain in other areas of the body impact WOMAC pain scores, a phenomenon referred to as “crosstalk.” Methods Cross-sectional datasets were built from public use data available from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). The WOMAC Pain Scale and generic hip, knee, ankle, foot and back pain measures were included. Three nested regression models grounded in causally based classical test theory determined the extent of crosstalk. Improvements in the coefficient of determination across the 3 models were used to determine the presence of crosstalk. Results Causal modeling provided evidence of crosstalk in both OAI and MOST datasets. For example, in OAI, multiple statistical models demonstrated significant increases in coefficient of determination values (P < .0001) as additional pain areas were added to the models. Conclusions Crosstalk appears to be a clinically important source of error in the WOMAC Pain Scale, particularly for patients with a larger number of painful body regions and when contralateral knee joint pain is more severe. Impact Statement This study has important implications for arthritis research. It also should raise clinician awareness of the threat to score interpretation and the need to consider the extent of pain in other body regions when interpreting WOMAC pain scores.

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Evidence for the involvement of peripheral cold-sensitive TRPM8 channels in human cutaneous hygrosensation

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00332.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (3) ◽

pp. R579-R589 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oliver Typolt ◽

Davide Filingeri

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

The Body ◽

Cold Sensitivity ◽

Trpm8 Channel ◽

Body Regions ◽

Skin Cooling ◽

Cold Sensitive ◽

Skin Wetness

In contrast to other species, humans are believed to lack hygroreceptors for sensing skin wetness. Yet, the molecular basis of human hygrosensation is currently unknown, and it remains unclear whether we possess a receptor-mediated sensing mechanism for skin wetness. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the cutaneous cold-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channel as a molecular mediator of human hygrosensation. To this end, we exploited both the thermal and chemical activation of TRPM8-expressing cutaneous Aδ cold thermoreceptors, and we assessed wetness sensing in healthy young men in response to 1) dry skin cooling in the TRPM8 range of thermosensitivity and 2) application of the TRPM8 agonist menthol. Our results indicate that 1) independently of contact with moisture, a cold-dry stimulus in the TRPM8 range of activation induced wetness perceptions across 12 different body regions and those wetness perceptions varied across the body following regional differences in cold sensitivity; and 2) independently of skin cooling, menthol-induced stimulation of TRPM8 triggered wetness perceptions that were greater than those induced by physical dry cooling and by contact with an aqueous cream containing actual moisture. For the first time, we show that the cutaneous cold-sensing TRPM8 channel plays the dual role of cold and wetness sensor in human skin and that this ion channel is a peripheral mediator of human skin wetness perception.

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Musculoskeletal disorders and their associations with health- and work-related factors: a cross-sectional comparison between Swedish air force personnel and army soldiers

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-020-03251-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthias Tegern ◽

Ulrika Aasa ◽

Björn O. Äng ◽

Helena Larsson

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Air Force ◽

The Body ◽

Lumbar Region ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Work Related ◽

Body Regions ◽

Helicopter Pilots

Abstract Background The high numbers of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among soldiers in the Swedish Armed Forces has led to the implementation of an effective prevention program, the musculoskeletal screening protocol (MSP), including questionnaires, physical tests and individual intervention of their MSD. A corresponding MSP for the Swedish Air Force is also needed due to earlier reported high prevalence of MSD. We therefore investigated the prevalence of MSD in Swedish Air Force personnel (AF) and compared this to Swedish Army deployed soldiers (DS). Individual, health- and work-related factors associated with MSD were also investigated. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study on 166 male AF and 185 DS. AF consisted of fighter pilots, helicopter pilots and rear crew from one Swedish air base. Results The one-year and point prevalence, respectively, of MSD were significantly higher for AF compared to DS with regard to both the upper quarter of the body (i.e. neck, shoulder and thoracic regions) (AF = 54.8 and 31.3%, DS = 26.1 and 13.6%, p = 0.01) and the lumbar region (AF = 38.0 and 18.7%, DS = 22.2 and 7.1%, p = 0.00). No significant differences were present between fighter pilots, helicopter pilots and rear crew regarding MSD prevalence. Factors significantly associated with having both upper quarter and lumbar regions MSD were group (i.e. greater odds for AF than DS) and self-reported physical health as less than excellent. Additionally, being older and taller were also factors associated with lumbar region MSD. Discussion Despite a generally healthy lifestyle, MSD were commonly reported by AF and DS, with generally higher prevalence in AF who mainly reported MSD in the upper quarter of the body. The results from this study indicate that the MSP can be a meaningful tool to prevent MSD in air force personnel and that questions regarding general health and MSD in specific body regions should be included in screening protocols. The development of the preventive program MSP is therefore recommended for the Swedish Air Force.

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Injury Risk in New Zealand Rugby Union: A Nationwide Study of Injury Insurance Claims from 2005 to 2017

Sports Medicine ◽

10.1007/s40279-019-01176-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 415-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ken Quarrie ◽

Simon Gianotti ◽

Ian Murphy

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Large Scale ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Soft Tissue Injuries ◽

The Body ◽

Body Regions ◽

Accident Compensation ◽

Tissue Injuries

Abstract Objectives The Accident Compensation Corporation is a compulsory, 24-h, no-fault personal injury insurance scheme in New Zealand. The purpose of this large-scale retrospective cohort study was to use Accident Compensation Corporation records to provide information about rugby injury epidemiology in New Zealand, with a focus on describing differences in risk by age and gender. Methods A total of 635,657 rugby injury claims were made to the Accident Compensation Corporation for players aged 5–40 years over the period 2005–2017. Information about player numbers and estimates of player exposure was obtained from New Zealand Rugby, the administrative organisation for rugby in New Zealand. Results Over three quarters of claims (76%) were for soft-tissue injuries, with 11% resulting from fractures or dislocations, 6.7% from lacerations, 3.1% from concussions and 2.0% from dental injuries. Body regions injured included shoulder (14%), knee (14%), wrist/hand (13%), neck/spine (13%), head/face (12%), leg (11%) and ankle (10%). The probability of a player making at least one injury claim in a season (expressed as a percentage) was calculated under the assumption that the incidence of claims follows a Poisson distribution. Players aged 5–6 years had a probability of making at least one claim per season of 1.0%, compared to 8.3% for players aged 7–12 years, 35% for age 13–17 years, 53% for age 18–20 years, 57% for age 21–30 years and 47% for age 31–40 years. The overall probability of making at least one claim per season across all age groups was 29%. The relative claim rate for adults (players aged 18 years and over) was 3.92 (90% confidence interval 3.90–3.94) times that of children. Ten percent of players were female, and they sustained 6% of the injuries. Overall, the relative claim rate for female players was 0.57 times that of male players (90% confidence interval 0.56–0.58). The relative claim rate of female to male players tended to increase with age. There were very few female players aged over 30 years; however, those who did play had higher claim rates than male players of the same age group (1.49; 90% confidence interval 1.45–1.53). Conclusions Injuries resulting from rugby are distributed across the body, and most of the claims are for soft-tissue injuries. Rates of injury increase rapidly through the teenage years until the early 20 s; for male players they then decrease until the mid-30 s. For female players, the injury rate does not decrease as players move into their 30 s. Combining Accident Compensation Corporation injury claim data with national player registration data provides useful information about the risks faced by New Zealand’s community rugby players, and the insights derived are used in the development of rugby injury prevention programme content.

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Simulation Analysis of Knee Ligaments in the Landing Phase of Freestyle Skiing Aerial

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9183713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 3713 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanming Fu ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Tianbiao Yu

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Element Model ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Internal Stresses ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Medium Risk

The risk of knee injuries in freestyle skiing athletes that perform aerials is high. The internal stresses in the knee joints of these athletes cannot easily be directly measured. In order to ascertain the mechanical response of knee joints during the landing phase, and to explore the mechanism of damage to the cartilage and ligaments, a finite element model of the knee joint was established. Three successful landing conditions (neutral, backward, or forward landing) from a triple kicker were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the risk of cruciate ligament damage during a neutral landing was lowest. A forward landing carried medium risk, while backward landing was of highest risk. Backward and forward landing carried risk of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), respectively. The magnitude of stress on the meniscus and cartilage varied for all three landing scenarios. Stress was largest during neutral landing and least in backward landing, while forward landing resulted in a medium level of stress. The results also provide the basis for training that is scientifically robust so as to reduce the risk of injury and assist in the development of a professional knee joint protector.

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