scholarly journals The Association between heart diseases, social factors, and physical frailty in community-dwelling older populations: SONIC study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Kamide ◽  
Nonglak Klinpudtan ◽  
Mai Kabayama ◽  
Yasuyuki Gondo ◽  
Yukie Masui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty

Abstract Objectives Physical frailty is geriatric syndrome and can increase the risk of adverse outcome in the older population. Heart diseases are associated with physical frailty but a few studies in community-dwelling old population. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the association between heart diseases, social factors, and physical frailty in community-dwelling older populations including the oldest old people. Methods The cross-sectional study included 1882 participants in community-dwelling older and oldest-old people in three age groups: 73 (±1), 83 (±1), and 93(±1) from both urban and rural areas of Japan. Questionnaires on medical history, psycho-social factors, blood samples, physical examinations, the hand grip strength test, and gait speed were measured at the venue. Physical frailty was defined based on a slow gait speed or weak grip strength. Heart diseases were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. Social interaction was based on the frequency of going outdoors and direct social contact. Analyses were conducted mainly using multiple logistic regression with adjustments for physical frailty risk factors. Results Heart disease subjects had a higher prevalence of physical frailty than those without heart disease (slow gait speed: 69.6 vs. 56.2%, p<.001; slow gait speed or weak grip strength: 80 vs. 69.6%, p=.002). After adjusting the covariate factors, heart diseases were associated with a slow gait speed (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.03-2.20, p=.035). Social interaction was associated with a slow gait speed (frequency of going outdoors: OR=0.87, 95%CI 0.79-0.9, p=.008; frequency of direct social contact: OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.82-0.95, p=.001), a weak grip strength (frequency of going outdoors: OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.77-0.96, p=.005), and with physical frailty (frequency of going outdoors: OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.75-0.94, p=.002; frequency of direct social contact: OR=0.89, 95%CI 0.82-0.97, p=.007). Living alone and frequency of direct social contact were associated with physical frailty among heart disease patients. Conclusions Our findings indicate that in community-dwelling older people, heart diseases and social interaction were associated with physical frailty. Older people with heart disease, those living alone and the frequency of direct social contact were associated with physical frailty. Future research must involve a longitudinal study to clarify the causal relationship.

scholarly journals The Prediction of ADL and IADL Disability Using Six Physical Indicators of Frailty: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert J. J. Gobbens ◽  
Marcel A. L. M. van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Iadl Disability

Frailty is a predictor of disability. A proper understanding of the contribution of individual indicators of frailty in the prediction of disability is a requisite for preventive interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of the individual physical frailty indicators: gait speed, physical activity, hand grip strength, Body Mass Index (BMI), fatigue, and balance, for ADL and IADL disability. The sample consisted of 505 community-dwelling persons (≥75 years, response rate 35.1%). Respondents first participated between November 2007 and June 2008, and a subset of all respondents participated again one year later (N=264, 52.3% response rate). ADL and IADL disability were assessed by the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. BMI was assessed by self-report, and the other physical frailty indicators were assessed with the TUG test (gait speed), the LAPAQ (physical activity), a hand grip strength test, the SFQ (fatigue), and the Four-test balance scale. All six physical frailty indicators were associated with ADL and IADL disability. After controlling for previous disability, sociodemographic characteristics, self-perceived lifestyle, and chronic diseases, only gait speed was predictive of both ADL and IADL disability, whereas there was a small effect of fatigue on IADL disability. Hence, these physical frailty indicators should be included in frailty assessment when predicting future disability.

scholarly journals Association between Physical Frailty Subdomains and Oral Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2931
Author(s):  
Ryo Komatsu ◽  
Koutatsu Nagai ◽  
Yoko Hasegawa ◽  
Kazuki Okuda ◽  
Yuto Okinaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Oral Frailty

This cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate the association between physical frailty subdomains and oral frailty. This study involved community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years). Physical frailty was assessed with the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Oral frailty was defined as limitations in at least three of six domains. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between physical frailty risk and oral frailty. In addition, we examined the association between physical frailty subdomains (gait speed, grip strength, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss) and oral frailty. A total of 380 participants were recruited for this study. Overall, 18% and 14% of the participants were at risk of physical frailty and had oral frailty, respectively. Physical frailty risk (odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–4.75, p = 0.012) was associated with oral frailty in multivariate analysis. In secondary analysis, among physical frailty subdomains, gait speed (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97, p = 0.019) was associated with oral frailty. The present findings suggest that physical frailty is closely related to oral frailty. Among physical frailty subdomains, decreased gait speed in particular is an important indicator related to the development of oral frailty.

scholarly journals Comparison of difficulty with activities of daily living in elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis and community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kutsuna ◽  
Yusuke Isobe ◽  
Takaaki Watanabe ◽  
Yusuke Matsunaga ◽  
Satomi Kusaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Difficulty Score ◽  
Usual Gait Speed

Abstract Background Elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have multiple comorbidities, physical frailty, and functional dependence with activities of daily living (ADL). ADL difficulty is an early predictor of ADL dependency in community-dwelling elderly adults. However, the characteristics of ADL difficulty in patients undergoing HD have not yet been reported. The present study aimed to examine the current status and characteristics of physical function and ADL difficulty in ambulatory elderly patients undergoing HD. Methods In all, 136 elderly outpatients undergoing HD and 40 community-dwelling controls participated in the present study. The characteristics, physical function (SARC-F score, grip strength, five-times sit-to-stand test time, usual gait speed, maximum gait speed, and short physical performance battery score), and scores from the ADL difficulty questionnaires [difficulty related to upper limb (U/L) and lower limb (L/L) functions] were compared between the HD and control groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine whether the characteristics of physical function were able to discriminate ADL difficulty in the HD group. Results The HD group had a significantly greater SARC-F score, lower grip strength, longer five-times sit-to-stand test time, slower usual gait speed, slower maximum gait speed, lower short physical performance battery score, and lower U/L and L/L ADL difficulty scores compared to the control group (all P < 0.001). The distribution of U/L and L/L ADL difficulty scores showed a wider variation in the HD group than in the control group. The U/L ADL difficulty score was independently associated with the SARC-F score (β = −0.52, P < 0.001) and grip strength (β = 0.21, P = 0.02). The L/L ADL difficulty score was independently associated with the SARC-F score (β = −0.56, P < 0.001) and usual gait speed (β = 0.35, P < 0.001). Conclusions The elderly HD group had a poorer physical function and experienced stronger ADL difficulty than the control group. There was an association between ADL difficulty and sarcopenia or poor physical function among patients undergoing HD. These findings provide useful data for effective clinical management to prevent decline of ADL in ambulatory elderly patients undergoing HD.

Associations of Impaired Renal Function With Declines in Muscle Strength and Muscle Function in Older Men: Findings From the CHAMP Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1812-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Toyama ◽  
Oliver van den Broek-Best ◽  
Toshiaki Ohkuma ◽  
David Handelsman ◽  
Louise M Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Parameters

Abstract Background Advanced kidney disease is associated with reduced muscle strength and physical performance. However, associations between early stages of renal impairment and physical outcomes are unclear. Methods The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project is a prospective study of 1,705 community-dwelling men aged 70 years and older. Participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included and further divided into four eGFR categories. Physical parameters including grip strength, gait speed, appendicular lean mass (ALM, a sum of skeletal mass of arms and legs), ALM adjusted for body mass index (ALMBMI), and muscle function (measured using grip strength divided by arm lean mass) were assessed at both baseline and 5-year follow-up. Associations between kidney function and changes in physical parameters were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models. Results Our study included 789 men with a median age of 75 years and median eGFR of 72 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. Over 5 years, grip strength, gait speed, ALMBMI, and muscle function all declined in the whole cohort, compared with baseline. The multivariable analyses showed that poorer renal function was associated with more rapid declines in grip strength, gait speed, and muscle function in participants with mild-to-moderate renal impairment (GFR category stage G3, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) (p = .01, p < .01, p = .02, respectively) but less so in those with eGFR more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas eGFR category did not have a significant impact on declines in ALMBMI. These results remained unchanged with or without adjustment for age. Conclusions In community-dwelling older men, mild-to-moderate renal impairment at baseline was associated with declines in grip strength, gait speed, and muscle function over time despite preservation of muscle mass.

scholarly journals Elevated Plasma Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated With Slower Gait Speed and Lower Physical Performance in Healthy Community-Dwelling Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D Semba ◽  
Marta Gonzalez-Freire ◽  
Toshiko Tanaka ◽  
Angelique Biancotto ◽  
Pingbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Healthy Community ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Walking Time

Abstract Background Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with obesity, muscle wasting, and cachexia. The receptor for GDF-15 was recently identified in the brainstem and regulates food intake and metabolism. The relationship of plasma GDF-15 with the age-associated decline of muscle mass and strength, gait speed, and physical performance in adults has not been well characterized. Methods Plasma GDF-15, grip strength, 6-m gait speed, 400-m walking test time, lower extremity physical performance score, appendicular lean mass, and fat mass were measured in 194 healthy adult participants, aged 22–93 years, of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Results Plasma GDF-15 concentrations increased with age (p &lt; .001) and were higher in whites compared with blacks and Asians (p = .04). Adults with higher plasma GDF-15 had slower 6-m gait speed, longer 400-m walking time, and lower physical performance score in multivariable analyses adjusting for age and race. Plasma GDF-15 was not associated with grip strength, appendicular lean mass, or fat mass. Conclusions Elevated plasma GDF-15 is associated with slower gait speed, higher 400-m walking time, and lower physical performance in very healthy community-dwelling adults. The relationship between plasma GDF-15 and sarcopenia-related outcomes may be stronger in the population not selected to be healthy, and this hypothesis should be tested in a representative population.

scholarly journals Urinary pentosidine level is associated with grip strength and gait speed in community-dwelling adults: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Moriwaki ◽  
Hiromi Matsumoto ◽  
Chika Tanimura ◽  
Mari Osaki ◽  
Hideki Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Muscle and bone interactions might be associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Urinary pentosidine and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) might affect muscle and bone interactions. It is unclear whether these biomarkers are affected by age and sex or play a role in muscle and physical functions. We aimed to investigate the association between urinary pentosidine and serum 25(OH)D levels with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling adults. Methods Two-hundred and fifty-four middle-aged and elderly adults were enrolled. There was no significant difference in age between 97 men (75.0 ± 8.9 years) and 157 women (73.6 ± 8.1 years). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength, and gait speed were assessed. The urinary pentosidine level was measured. We evaluated the association of urinary pentosidine and serum 25(OH)D levels with age and sex (student’s t-test) and correlations between biomarker and each variable (Pearson’s correlation coefficients). Multiple regression analysis was performed with grip strength and gait speed as dependent variables and with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), speed of sound (SOS), SMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 25(OH)D, and pentosidine as independent variables using the stepwise method. Results The urinary pentosidine level was negatively correlated with grip strength, gait speed, eGFR, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in men and with SOS, grip strength, and gait speed in women. The serum 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with IGF-1 in women and grip strength in men. Grip strength was associated with age, height, and pentosidine in men and height and pentosidine in women. Gait speed was associated with age, BMI, and pentosidine in men and age, height, and pentosidine in women. Conclusion Urinary pentosidine levels are significantly associated with grip strength and gait speed and may serve as a biomarker of muscle and bone interactions.

scholarly journals Associations of poor oral health with frailty and physical functioning in the oldest old: results from two studies in England and Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Albani ◽  
Kennsuke Nishio ◽  
Tomoka Ito ◽  
Eftychia Kotronia ◽  
Paula Moynihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Very few studies have examined the relationship of oral health with physical functioning and frailty in the oldest old (>85 years). We examined the association of poor oral health with markers of disability, physical function and frailty in studies of oldest old in England and Japan.Methods: The Newcastle 85+ Study in England (n=853) and the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health (TOOTH; n=542) comprise random samples of people aged >85 years. Oral health markers included tooth loss, dryness of mouth, difficulty swallowing and self-reported difficulty eating due to dental problems. Physical functioning was based on grip strength and gait speed; disability was assessed as mobility limitations. Frailty was ascertained using the Fried frailty phenotype. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken using logistic regression.Results: In the Newcastle 85+ Study, dry mouth symptoms, difficulty swallowing, difficulty eating, and tooth loss were associated with increased risks of mobility limitations after adjustment for gender, socioeconomic position, behavioural factors and co-morbidities [odds ratios (95%CIs) were 1.76 (1.26-2.46); 2.52 (1.56-4.08); 2.89 (1.52-5.50); 2.59 (1.44-4.65) respectively]. Similar results were observed for slow gait speed. Difficulty eating was associated with weak grip strength and frailty on full adjustment. In the TOOTH Study, difficulty eating was associated with increased risks of frailty, mobility limitations and slow gait speed; and complete tooth loss was associated with increased risk of frailty.Conclusion: Different markers of poor oral health are independently associated with worse physical functioning and frailty in the oldest old age groups. Research to understand the underlying pathways is needed.

scholarly journals Associations of poor oral health with frailty and physical functioning in the oldest old: results from two studies in England and Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Albani ◽  
Kennsuke Nishio ◽  
Tomoka Ito ◽  
Eftychia Kotronia ◽  
Paula Moynihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Very few studies have examined the relationship of oral health with physical functioning and frailty in the oldest old (>85 years). We examined the association of poor oral health with markers of disability, physical function and frailty in studies of oldest old in England and Japan.Methods: The Newcastle 85+ Study in England (n=853) and the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health (TOOTH; n=542) comprise random samples of people aged >85 years. Oral health markers included tooth loss, dryness of mouth, and self-reported difficulty eating due to dental problems. Physical functioning was based on grip strength and gait speed; disability was assessed as mobility limitations. Frailty was ascertained using the Fried frailty phenotype. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken using logistic regression.Results: In the Newcastle 85+ Study, dry mouth symptoms, difficulty swallowing, difficulty eating, and tooth loss were associated with increased risks of mobility limitations after adjustment for gender, socioeconomic position, behavioural factors and co-morbidities [odds ratios (95%CIs) were 1.76 (1.26-2.46); 2.52 (1.56-4.08); 2.89 (1.52-5.50); 2.59 (1.44-4.65) respectively]. Similar results were observed for slow gait speed. Difficulty eating was associated with weak grip strength and frailty on full adjustment. In the TOOTH Study, difficulty eating was associated with increased risks of frailty, mobility limitations and slow gait speed; and complete tooth loss was associated with increased risk of frailty.Conclusion: Different markers of poor oral health are independently associated with worse physical functioning and frailty in the oldest old age groups. Research to understand the underlying pathways is needed.

scholarly journals The Association between Health Literacy and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Anami ◽  
Shin Murata ◽  
Hideki Nakano ◽  
Koji Nonaka ◽  
Hiroaki Iwase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The association between gait speed, a vital health outcome in older adults, and health literacy, an important health promotion aspect, is unclear. This study examined the relationship of gait speed with health literacy, physical function, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. The subjects were 240 older adults (52 men, mean age 73.8 ± 6.0 years). Gender, age, and education were self-reported, while height and weight were measured directly. Health literacy was evaluated using Communicative and Critical Health Literacy (CCHL). Grip strength, knee extension strength, toe-grip strength, sit-up test, sit-and-reach test, one-leg stance test time, 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30), and normal gait speed were measured. Subjects were divided into two groups based on normal gait speed—fast (speed ≥ 1.3 m/s) and slow (<1.3 m/s). In the logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was normal gait speed (fast/slow). Four logistic regression models were utilized to determine whether health literacy affects gait speed. Height and CCHL were found to independently affect gait speed. That health literacy influences gait speed is a new discovery.

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