scholarly journals Failure mode engineered high-energy-absorption metamaterials with biomimetic hierarchical microstructures and artificial grain boundaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyang Gao ◽  
Hua Sun ◽  
Hongze Wang ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Tengteng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Hardening Mechanism ◽  
Structural Failures

Abstract For numerous engineering applications, there is a high demand for protective lightweight structures with outstanding energy absorption performance and the ability to prevent catastrophic structural failures. In nature, most species have evolved with hierarchical biological structures that possess novel mechanical properties, including ultrahigh specific energy absorption, progressive laminated failure modes, and ability for crack arrestment, in order to defend themselves from hostile environments. In this study, a novel protective metamaterial having spherical hollow structures (SHSs) was developed with different hierarchical microstructures. An artificial failure mode engineering strategy was proposed by tailoring the microstructures of SHS unit cells. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a composite hierarchical SHS lattice structure was developed using a biomimetic laminated failure mode and through a hardening mechanism, mimicking crystal grain boundaries. The quasi-static compressive results indicated a significant improvement in the specific energy absorption, an enhanced plateau stress magnitude, and an obvious delay in the densification stage for the composite hierarchical SHS lattice owing to the constraining effect of its mesoscale grain boundaries and an increased number of intensively engineered laminated failure levels. This novel type of metamaterial was shown to be immensely beneficial in designing lightweight protective aerospace components such as turbine blade lattice infills.

Experimental researches on failure and energy absorption of composite laminated thin-walled structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (27) ◽  
pp. 4253-4268
Author(s):  
Mou Haolei ◽  
Xie Jiang ◽  
Zou Jun ◽  
Feng Zhenyu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Thin Walled

To research the failure of carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminated specimens, the tensile tests and compressive tests were conducted for [90]16 and [0]16 specimens, and the shear tests were conducted for [±45]4s specimens, and the microscopic failure mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To research the failure and energy absorption of different thin-walled structures with different layups, the quasi-static axial crushing tests were conducted for [±45/0/0/90/0]s and [0/90]3s circular tubes, [0/90]3s and [±45]3s square tubes, [0/90]4s and [±45]4s sinusoidal specimens, and the internal failure were further investigated by 3D X-ray scan. Based on the load-displacement curves, the energy absorptions were evaluated and compared according to specific energy absorption and peak crushing force, and the relationships between failure modes and specific energy absorption, peak crushing force were further researched. The results show that the macroscopic failure modes are the collective results of varieties of microscopic failure mechanisms, such as fiber fracture, matrix deformation and cracking, interlamination and intralamination cracks, cracks propagation, etc. The [±45/0/0/90/0]s circular tube shows the transverse shearing failure mode with high specific energy absorption. The [±45]3s square tube and [±45]3s sinusoidal specimen show the local buckling failure mode with low specific energy absorption. The [0/90]4s sinusoidal specimen, [0/90]3s circular tube, and [0/90]3s square tube show the lamina bending failure mode with medium specific energy absorption. The failure mode of thin-walled structure can be changed by reasonable layups design, and the energy absorption can further be improved.

Impact Energy Absorption of Continuous Fiber Composite Tubes

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schmueser ◽  
L. E. Wickliffe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Fiber Splitting

This paper presents the results of an impact testing program that was conducted to characterize the energy absorption and failure characteristics of selected composite material systems and to compare the results with aluminum and steel. Composite tube specimens were constructed using graphite/epoxy (Gr/Ep), Kevlar/epoxy (K/Ep), and glass/epoxy (Gl/Ep) prepreg tape and were autoclave cured. Vertical impact and static compression tests were performed on 56 tubes. Tests results for energy absorption varied significantly as a function of lay-up angle and material type. In general, the Gr/Ep tubes had specific energy absorption values that were greater than those for K/Ep and Gl/Ep tubes having the same ply construction. Angle-ply Gr/Ep and K/Ep tubes had specific energy absorption values that were greater than those for 1024 steel tubes. Gr/Ep and Gl/Ep angle-ply tubes exhibited brittle failure modes consisting of fiber splitting and ply delamination, whereas the K/Ep angle-ply tubes collapsed in an accordian buckling mode similar to that obtained for metal tubes.

Experimental Investigation on the Crashworthiness of Braided Glass/Epoxy Tubes Subjected to Axial Impacting

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 096369351402300
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Liang-Jin Gui ◽  
Zi-Jie Fan ◽  
Jing-Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

This paper presented an experimental study on the low-velocity impact response of triaxial braided composite circular tubes, which were fabricated with S-glass/epoxy composite. The impact responses were recorded and analyzed in terms of impact load-displacement curves and specific energy absorption. In addition, four basic failure modes called delaminating, splaying, fragmental fracture and progressive folding were founded. The levels of the mean impact load and specific energy absorption (SEA) are determined by the energy absorption mechanisms, which are related to the dominant failure modes of the tubes. In general, delamination which exhibits the poor energy absorbing performance is the dominant failure mode for all the specimens. Impact test results showed that all three types of tubes had almost the same SEA. Compared to the quasi-static test results, the first peak load and the mean load decrease at about 50% and 10% respectively, SEA generally decreases at an average level 10%.

Influence of fabric architecture on crushing behavior of semi-hexagonal composite structures under axial loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wu ◽  
Maolin Wang ◽  
Zhiping Ying ◽  
Xiaoying Cheng ◽  
Xudong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption

This paper reports the mechanical response of semi-hexagonal part with three different multi-layer reinforcements. Unidirectional, plain woven and orthogonal fabric under quasi-static axial compression were considered. Meso-scale finite element numerical models with failure criterion were also established to simulate the onset and development of internal damage during the compression process. There were two different crush-failure modes occurring in the crush tests of the three different composite samples: a splaying mode for samples with unidirectional fabric, a buckling mode for samples with 3D orthogonal woven fabric and a mixture mode of both buckling and splaying for samples with the plain woven fabric. The samples reinforced by unidirectional fiber have the highest specific energy absorption and lowest peak loading, whereas the samples by 3D orthogonal fabric present the lowest specific energy absorption and highest peak loading. It was also demonstrated by a numerical model that the existence of Z-binder suppresses the delamination by restraining the expanding of warp and weft yarns. The comparison of numerical results and experimental data indicates that the structure of reinforcement has a significant role in the mechanical performance of textile composite.

Dynamic Axial Compression of Square CFRP/Aluminium Tubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Rafea Dakhil Hussein ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Guo Xing Lu ◽  
Jeong Whan Yoon ◽  
Zhan Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Carbon Fibre Composite ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Cfrp Tubes ◽  
The Impact

Carbon fibre composite tubes have high strength to weight ratios and outstanding performance under axial crushing. In this paper, square CFRP tubes and aluminium sheet-wrapped CFRP tubes were impacted by a drop mass to investigate the effect of loading velocity on the energy absorption of CFRP/aluminium tubes. A comparison of the quasi-static and dynamic crushing behaviours of tubes was made in terms of deformation mode, peak crushing force, mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption. The influence of the number of aluminium layers that wrapped square CFRP tubes on the crushing performance of tubes under axial impact was also examined. Experimental results manifested similar deformation modes of tubes in both quasi-static and dynamic tests. The dynamic peak crushing force was higher than the quasi-static counterpart, while mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption were lower in dynamic tests than those in quasi-static tests. The mean crushing force and energy absorption decreased with the crushing velocity and increased with the number of aluminium layers. The impact stroke (when the force starts to drop) decreased with the number of aluminium layers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Energy Absorption Capabilities of Polyethylene Foam under Impact Deformation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3613
Author(s):  
Baohui Yang ◽  
Yangjie Zuo ◽  
Zhengping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
The Impact

Foams are widely used in protective applications requiring high energy absorption under impact, and evaluating impact properties of foams is vital. Therefore, a novel test method based on a shock tube was developed to investigate the impact properties of closed-cell polyethylene (PE) foams at strain rates over 6000 s−1, and the test theory is presented. Based on the test method, the failure progress and final failure modes of PE foams are discussed. Moreover, energy absorption capabilities of PE foams were assessed under both quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions. The results showed that the foam exhibited a nonuniform deformation along the specimen length under high strain rates. The energy absorption rate of PE foam increased with the increasing of strain rates. The specimen energy absorption varied linearly in the early stage and then increased rapidly, corresponding to a uniform compression process. However, in the shock wave deformation process, the energy absorption capacity of the foam maintained a good stability and exhibited the best energy absorption state when the speed was higher than 26 m/s. This stable energy absorption state disappeared until the speed was lower than 1.3 m/s. The loading speed exhibited an obvious influence on energy density.

Ballistic Performance Evaluation of Kevlar-Glass Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminate against Medium Velocity Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 1165 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Saurabh S. Kumar ◽  
Rajesh G. Babu ◽  
U. Magarajan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Fabric Composite

In this paper, the post ballistic impact behaviour of kevlar-glass fibre hybrid composite laminates was investigated against 9×19 mm projectile. Eight different types of composite laminates with different ratios of kevlar woven fibre to glass fibre were fabricated using hand lay-up with epoxy matrix. Ballistic behaviour like ballistic Limit (V50), energy absorption, specific energy absorption and Back Face Signature (BFS) were studied after bullet impact. The results indicated that as the Percentage of glass fibre is increased there was a linear increment in the ballistic behaviour. Addition of 16% kevlar fabric, composite sample meets the performance requirement of NIJ0101.06 Level III-A. Since the maximum specific energy absorption was observed in Pure Kevlar samples and the adding of glass fibre increases the weight and Areal Density of the sample, further investigations need to be carried out to utilize the potential of glass fibre for ballistic applications.

Enhancement in specific energy absorption of invertubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 424-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Reddy ◽  
V. Narayanamurthy ◽  
Y.V.D. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption

Crashworthiness performance of concentric structures with different cross-sectional shapes under multiple loading conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702096188
Author(s):  
Sadjad Pirmohammad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Multiple Loading ◽  
Energy Absorbing

This paper evaluates the crashworthiness performance of concentric structures with different numbers of tubes (i.e. one to five) and cross-sectional shapes (i.e. hexagon, octagon, decagon and circle) under the multiple loadings of θ = 0, 10, 20 and 30°. An experimentally validated finite element model generated in LS-DYNA is employed to calculate the crashworthiness parameters including the specific energy absorption, maximum crush force and crush force efficiency. A total of 20 concentric structures are analyzed to explore the effects of number of tubes and cross-sectional shapes on the crushing performance. A multi-criteria decision-making method known as TOPSIS is also used to compare and rank the concentric structures in terms of crushing performance. Based on the results, the hexagonal structure including two tubes and octagonal, decagonal and circular structures including three tubes demonstrate the best results among their corresponding cross-sectional shapes. These structures show 9, 39, 38 and 39% higher specific energy absorption compared to their corresponding single tubal cases, respectively. However, in comparison to single tubal cases, they generate 4, 57, 57 and 58% higher maximum crush force, respectively. As such, the values for the improvement of the crush force efficiency are 3, 26, 25 and 21%, respectively. Furthermore, the decagonal structure including three tubes provides the highest energy absorbing characteristics as compared with all the other structures studied in this research. Meanwhile, taking into account all the multiple loading conditions, this structure shows 50% higher specific energy absorption than the hexagonal structure including single tube (as the weakest structure).

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