scholarly journals A Cohort Study on Dietary Habits, Lifestyles and the Risk of Mortality in the Elderly: the Latest Evidence From China Diet Cohort Study of Elderly Chinese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyu Zhou ◽  
Ying Qin ◽  
Yanru Zhang ◽  
Nan Sun ◽  
Shanqun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
Cooking Oils

Abstract Aim: To examine the longitudinal relationship between dietary habits, lifestyle factors and the risk of mortality among the elderly Chinese. Methods: Four follow-up survey data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2008-2018 were selected, and a total of 11899 elderly people were included. Food habits were assessed using an in-person interview. The frequency of consumption of each food item was recorded as “almost every day”, “occasionally” or “rarely or never”. After descriptive statistics of the data, the effects of dietary habits and lifestyle factors on all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model and the adjusted model. Results: There were 9461 deaths during 55312 person-years of follow-up with an average age of 75 years (S.D. ±8.3) years for survivors and 91.09 (S.D. ±9.6) years for non-survivors. Type of staple food was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Compared to those who rarely/never consumed fruit, vegetables, fish, tea, and nut products, participants consuming such products almost every day were associated with 3.7%, 20.9%, 10.8%, 0.1%, and 11.7% reductions in the risk of mortality, respectively. Compared with lard, long-term use of vegetable grease and gingili grease increased the risk of mortality by 10.5% and 11.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The Chinese elderly could gain health benefit from regular consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, tea and nut products, and they should pay attention to the choice of cooking oils, reduce cooking oils frequency. Future research is warranted to establish the recommended daily nutrient allowances for the elderly and better address the nutritional needs of this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the elderly in China: a population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Ren ◽  
Maohua Miao ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Jiangwei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Although a U-shaped association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality has been found in general population, its association in the elderly adults, especially in the oldest-old, is rarely explored. Methods In present cohort study, we prospectively explore the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality among 15,092 participants enrolled in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2005 to 2019. Sleep duration and death information was collected by using structured questionnaires. Cox regression model with sleep duration as a time-varying exposure was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The dose-response association between them was explored via a restricted cubic spline function. Results During an average follow-up of 4.51 (standard deviation, SD: 3.62) years, 10,768 participants died during the follow-up period. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 89.26 (11.56) years old. Compared to individuals with moderate sleep duration (7–8 hours), individuals with long sleep duration (> 8 hours) had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.09–1.18), but not among individuals with short sleep duration (≤ 6 hours) (HR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.96–1.09). Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses based on age and gender. In the dose-response analysis, a J-shaped association was observed. Conclusions Sleep duration was associated with all-cause mortality in a J-shaped pattern in the elderly population in China.

scholarly journals Transitions between levels of dependency among older people receiving social care – a retrospective longitudinal cohort study in a Swedish municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Zingmark ◽  
Fredrik Norström
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Home Help ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Knowledge is scarce on how needs for home help and special housing evolve among older people who begin to receive support from municipal social care. The purpose of this study was to describe baseline distributions and transitions over time between levels of dependency among older persons after being granted social care in a Swedish municipality. Methods Based on a longitudinal cohort study in a Swedish municipality, data was collected retrospectively from municipal records. All persons 65 years or older who received their first decision on social care during 2010 (n = 415) were categorized as being in mild, moderate, severe, or total dependency, and were observed until the end of 2013. Baseline distributions and transitions over time were described descriptively and analysed with survival analysis, with the Kaplan-Meier estimator, over the entire follow-up period. To test potential differences in relation to gender, we used the Cox-Proportional hazards model. Results Baseline distributions between mild, moderate, severe, and total dependency were 53, 16, 24, and 7.7%. During the first year, between 40 and 63% remained at their initial level of dependency. Among those with mild and moderate levels of dependency at baseline, a large proportion declined towards increasing levels of dependency over time; around 40% had increased their dependency level 1 year from baseline and at the end of the follow-up, 75% had increased their dependency level or died. Conclusions Older people in Sweden being allocated home help are at high risk for decline towards higher levels of dependency, especially those at mild or moderate dependency levels at baseline. Taken together, it is important that municipalities make use of existing knowledge so that they implement cost-effective preventative interventions for older people at an early stage before a decline toward increasing levels of dependency.

scholarly journals The associations of dietary patterns with all-cause mortality and other lifestyle factors in the elderly: An age-specific prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zhao ◽  
Shigekazu Ukawa ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Kenji Wakai ◽  
Takashi Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Statin therapy and recurrent venous thromboembolism in the elderly: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula Monika Kronenberg ◽  
Shanthi Beglinger ◽  
Odile Stalder ◽  
Marie Méan ◽  
Andreas Limacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Confounding By Indication ◽  
Multicentre Cohort Study ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Multicentre Cohort

Abstract Previous studies reported lower rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism (rVTE) among statin users, but this association could be influenced by concurrent anticoagulation and confounding by statin indication. This study aimed to confirm the beneficial association between statins and rVTE, stratified according to periods with and without anticoagulation, and additionally employ propensity score weighted approach to reduce risk of confounding by indication. The setting was a prospective multicentre cohort study and the outcome was time to first rVTE in statin vs. non-statin users. 980 participants with acute VTE were enrolled (mean age 75.0 years, 47% women), with median follow-up of 2.5 years. Of 241 (24.3%) statin users, 21 (8.7%) suffered rVTE vs. 99 (13.4%) among 739 non-users. The overall adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR) for rVTE comparing statin users to non-users was 0.72 (95%CI 0.44 to 1.19, p = 0.20). This association was only apparent during periods without anticoagulation (aSHR 0.50, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.92, p = 0.03; vs. with anticoagulation: aSHR 1.34, 95%CI 0.54 to 3.35, p = 0.53). Using propensity scores, the rVTE risk during periods without anticoagulation fell further (aSHR 0.20, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.49, p < 0.001). In conclusion, statin use is associated with a more pronounced risk reduction for rVTE than previously estimated, but only during periods without anticoagulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Montelukast 10 mg in Elderly Patients with Mild and Moderate Asthma Compared with Young Adults. Results of a Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sánchez ◽  
Diana Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Moderate Asthma ◽  
Beta 2

Background: The clinical characteristics and physio-pathogenic mechanisms of asthma in patients older than 60 years appear to differ from the behavior described for other age groups. Therefore, the effectiveness of medications for elderly patients with asthma should not be extrapolated from studies conducted on teenagers or young adults. Objective: The study aimed to establish the clinical effect of montelukast 10 mg in elderly patients with mild and moderate asthma compared to its effect on young adults. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted during 12 weeks of follow-up, which consecutively included the total population of adult patients attended by a group of 21 general practitioners, between July and December 2016. Young adults (18-59 years) and older adults were included (60 years or older) with mild or moderate asthma, which, according to the criteria of his treating physician, had been prescribed montelukast 10 mg/day. The variables of interest were: use of inhaled corticosteroids during the last month, use of inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists as a rescue in the last month, having attended the emergency service during the last month due to an asthma attack, presence of wheezing in the physical examination, the number of attacks in the last month and the number of days without symptoms in the last month. Results: A total of 126 patients entered the cohort and 104 completed the follow-up, of which 29% were older adults. On admission, 65.4% of patients (68/104) had used rescue inhaled beta2 in the last month and had been using schemes with corticosteroids. After 12 weeks of follow-up, 58.1% (43/74) of the young adults required treatment schedules with corticosteroids, while in the elderly, only 36.7% of the patients (11/30) required this treatment scheme (p-value: 0.047). Regarding the use of rescue inhaled beta-2 at 12 weeks, 55% of young adults reported using them, compared to 33.3% of older adults (p-value: 0.041). Conclusion: In this cohort of patients, treated with montelukast 10 mg/day for 12 weeks, there was a reduction of broncho-obstructive symptoms and exacerbations of the disease. In older adults compared to young adults, a greater reduction in the use of beta2 agonists rescue medications and in the concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroid schemes was documented.

scholarly journals Selenium and Mortality in the Elderly: Results from the EVA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Tasnime Akbaraly ◽  
Josiane Arnaud ◽  
Isabelle Hininger-Favier ◽  
Veronique Gourlet ◽  
Anne-Marie Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Low Selenium

Abstract Background: Inadequate plasma selenium can adversely affect the maintenance of optimal health; therefore, reported decreases in plasma selenium in an aging population are cause for concern. To further examine this hypothesis, we explored the relationships between plasma selenium and mortality in an elderly population: the EVA (Etude du Vieillissement Artériel) study. Methods: The EVA study was a 9-year longitudinal study with 6 periods of follow-up. During the 2-year period from 1991 to 1993 (EVA0), 1389 men and women born between 1922 and 1932 were recruited. The effects of plasma selenium at baseline on mortality were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, adjusting for the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, health, and cognitive factors. Results: During the 9-year follow-up, 101 study participants died. Baseline plasma selenium was higher in individuals who were alive at the end of follow-up [mean (SD), 1.10 (0.20) μmol/L] than in those who died during the follow-up [1.01 (0.20) μmol/L; P &lt;10−4]. Mortality rates were significantly higher in individuals with low selenium [increments = 0.2 μmol/L; relative risk (RR) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.89)]. After we controlled for various potential confounding factors, this association remained significant [RR = 1.54 (1.25–1.88)]. When the underlying causes of death were considered, we found an association with cancer-related mortality [adjusted RR = 1.79 (1.32–2.44)]. Conclusions: Even if it is premature to present selenium as a longevity indicator in an elderly population, our results are in accordance those of large, interventional, randomized trials with selenium, which suggest that this essential trace element plays a role in health maintenance in aging individuals.

scholarly journals Severe Decline of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Associates with Progressive Cognitive Deterioration in the Elderly: A Community-Based Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chi Chen ◽  
Shuo-Chun Weng ◽  
Jia-Sin Liu ◽  
Han-Lin Chuang ◽  
Chih-Cheng Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Cognitive Deterioration ◽  
Egfr Decline

Abstract Cognitive dysfunction is closely related to aging and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between renal function changes and the risk of developing cognitive impairment has not been elucidated. This longitudinal cohort study was to determine the influence of annual percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on subsequent cognitive deterioration or death of the elderly within the community. A total of 33,654 elders with eGFR measurements were extracted from the Taipei City Elderly Health Examination Database. The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire was used to assess their cognitive progression at least twice during follow-up visits. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for cognitive deterioration or all-cause mortality with the percentage change in eGFR. During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, the participants with severe decline in eGFR (>20% per year) had an increased risk of cognitive deterioration (HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.72) and the composite outcome (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.35) when compared with those who had stable eGFR. Severe eGFR decline could be a possible predictor for cognitive deterioration or death among the elderly. Early detection of severe eGFR decline is a critical issue and needs clinical attentions.

scholarly journals Association Between Haemoglobin A1c and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Koreans: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Mi Song ◽  
Jung Hyun Lee ◽  
Hae Dong Woo ◽  
Mi Jin Cho ◽  
Sung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background This study aimed to examine associations between haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels over time and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older Koreans.Methods Using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, we analysed 9,294 40–69-year-old participants with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. HbA1c levels were measured at baseline and at each biennial follow-up examination. Participants were divided into one group of participants with known diabetes and five groups of participants without known diabetes classified according to HbA1c levels: <31 mmol/mol (5.0%), 31–36 mmol/mol (5.0%–5.4%), 37–41 mmol/mol (5.5%–5.9%), 42–47 mmol/mol (6.0%–6.4%), and ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%). Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with HbA1c levels were calculated using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for several variables. Restricted cubic spline models were fitted to investigate the relationship between continuous HbA1c levels and mortality among people without known diabetes. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, liver diseases, and red blood cell (RBC) counts. Results During a median follow-up period of 15.7 years, there were 944 deaths, including 185, 359, and 400 from CVD, cancer, and other causes, respectively. Compared with participants with HbA1c levels of 37–41 mmol/mol, multivariate-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause death of participants with levels <31 mmol/mol, 31–36 mmol/mol, 42–47 mmol/mol, and ≥48 mmol/mol and participants with known diabetes were 1.84 (1.35–2.51), 1.13 (0.95–1.34), 1.30 (1.04–1.62), 1.37 (0.97–1.93), and 2.03 (1.70–2.44), respectively. There was a U-shaped association between HbA1c levels over time and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. When we performed diverse subgroup analyses, low HbA1c levels were strongly associated with mortality in participants with low RBC counts or liver diseases.Conclusions We found U-shaped associations between HbA1c levels over time and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older Koreans. In particular, people with low RBC counts or liver diseases and low HbA1c levels had a high risk of mortality. Therefore, more careful management of these groups is recommended to decrease the risk of mortality.

scholarly journals Association between Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Proteinuria Onset in a Japanese General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2511
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tokumaru ◽  
Tadashi Toyama ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
Kiyoki Kitagawa ◽  
Yuta Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Status ◽  
Japanese General Population ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

The relationship between dietary habits and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between unhealthy dietary habits and proteinuria onset, a key prognostic factor of CKD, among a Japanese general population aged ≥40 years. The risks of proteinuria onset were estimated based on the status of baseline unhealthy dietary habits (quick eating, late dinner, late evening snack, and skipping breakfast) compared with the status without these habits. A total of 26,764 subjects were included, with a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years. The most frequent unhealthy dietary habit was quick eating (29%), followed by late dinner (19%), late evening snack (16%), and skipping breakfast (9%). During the follow-up period, 10.6% of participants developed proteinuria. Late dinner and skipping breakfast showed an increased adjusted risk of proteinuria onset (hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 1.22, and HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31, respectively). Unhealthy dietary habits were not associated with changes in body mass index or waist-to-height ratio during the follow-up period. Our results suggest that late dinner and skipping breakfast are associated with higher risks for proteinuria onset.

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