Factors Influencing Willingness to Comply with Public Health Measures for COVID-19 Among Incoming Air Travelers Into Nigeria from High-Risk Countries: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background: Complying with guidelines established to control COVID-19 pandemic is critical to the successful outcome of the response. We assessed the willingness of non-symptomatic incoming international air travelers into Nigeria to comply with COVID-19 public health measures upon arrival and identified the factors influencing them- March 2020. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 500 incoming international air travelers involving 17 nationals across four major international airports in Nigeria using a pre-tested self-administered electronic questionnaire. We estimated the proportions and determined predictors of participants’ willingness to comply with the COVID-19 preventive measures. Predictors were examined using multiple logistic regression at 5% level of significance.Results: Majority (83%) were extremely/very willing to comply with public health guidelines. Perception of severity was a significant predictor of their willingness to stay at home for 14 days upon arrival (AOR: 6.82, 95 CI%: 1.19-24.45). Self -efficacy towards observing self for COVID-19 symptoms was a significant predictor of willingness to observe self for symptoms (AOR: 6.82, 95%CI: 1.19-24.45), and willingness to call of national COVID-19 numbers if symptoms develop (AOR: 6.82, 95% CI: 1.19-24.45). Conclusion: There is a need to improve risk communication interventions against COVID-19 for international air travelers particularly enhancing self-efficacy to improve their compliance to public health measures

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HUBUNGAN SELF-EFFICACY DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS RANOTANA WERU KOTA MANADO

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN ◽

10.35790/jkp.v7i1.24340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kevin B. Kawulusan ◽

Mario E. Katuuk ◽

Yolanda B. Bataha

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Health Center ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Center ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Level Of Significance

Abstrack: The non-adherence towards the medication of hypertension has become one of many affections in regard to control the blood pressure. Patient's belief in medication had turned into the determinant of health behaviour and it particularly shows in what extent were the patient's adherence in dealing with the medication. The aim of this research is to know the relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence at Public Health Center of Ranotana Weru. Research Method : The method that used in this research is cross sectional method with sample collection method using purposive sampling technique. MASES-R as measuring instrument is used to measure the self-efficacy and adherence-questionnaires to measure the medication adherence of hypertension. Sample : 85 respondents were collected as samples. Result : The statistical analysis by using Fisher's exact results p values =0,000 with confidence level 95% level of significance α =0,05 means p=0,000 < p=0,05 for self-efficacy and medication adherence of hypertension. Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence at Public Health Center of Ranotana Weru.Keywords : Hypertension, Self-efficacy, Medication adherence.Abstrak : Ketidakpatuhan terhadap pengobatan anti-hipertensi menjadi salah satu penyebab kurangnya pengendalian tekanan darah. Keyakinan pasien terhadap pengobatan menjadi faktor penentu perilaku kesehatan serta sejauh mana kepatuhan pasien terhadap pengobatan. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara self-efficacy dengan kepatuhan minum obat hipertensi di Puskesmas Ranotana Weru Kota Manado. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. alat ukur yang digunakan dalah MASES-R untuk mengukur self-efficacy dan kuesioner kepatuhan untuk mengukur kepatuhan minum obat hipertensi. Sampel yang diproleh sebanyak 85 responden. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% derajat kemaknaan α = 0,05 yang berarti p = 0,000 < p = 0,05 untuk self-efficacy dan kepatuhan minum obat hipertensi. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara self-efficacy dengan kepatuhan minum obat hipertensi di Puskesmas Ranotana Weru Kota Manado.Kata kunci : Hipertensi, Self-Efficacy, Kepatuhan Minum Obat.

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The Effect of Public Health Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smoking Dependence & Passive Smoking

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33649 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 167-180

Author(s):

Mohammed Mater Aljohani ◽

Abdullah Yussef Alluqmani ◽

Eyas Abdulqader Alrehaili ◽

Mohammed Naji Almohammadi ◽

Hisham Abdullah Alahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Measures ◽

Secondhand Smoking ◽

Urge To Smoke ◽

Significant Change

Background: According to increasing concern about the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of smoking this study was conducted to find the effect of health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking dependence & passive smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2020, by using a valid and reliable questionnaire, the data were analyzed by using SPSS, version 20 software. Results: The study showed 16.9% of participants increased their nicotine use and 12.4% decreased their nicotine use. Despite no significant change in smoking dependence, we found that smokers who used to smoke more than 30 cigarettes per day before the quarantine increased by two folds. In addition, we found that smokers who awaken at night sometimes to have cigarettes before quarantine had increased markedly by 50% during quarantine. Furthermore, smokers who had an extreme urge to smoke over the week before the quarantine have elevated markedly during the quarantine from 31 smokers to 60. Also, over 35.2 % of surveyed individuals experienced a rise in smoking desire during the quarantine. Regarding passive smoking, the surveyed individuals reported a generally slight decline in exposure to secondhand smoking. However, the number of exposed individuals to smoking for more than 8 hours increased by 27%. Conclusion: During the lockdown, individuals smoked marginally more cigarettes compared to the periods before the lockdown with no significant change in smoking dependence. There was a slight decline in exposure to secondhand smoking. However, the number of exposed individuals to household smoking for more than 8 hours had been increased.

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Predictors of real-world parents acceptance to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19

10.1101/2021.09.12.21263456 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Petros A Galanis ◽

Irene Vraka ◽

Olga Siskou ◽

Olympia Konstantakopoulou ◽

Aglaia Katsiroumpa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Family Doctors ◽

Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Government

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten public health, the vaccination of children against the disease appears to be a key factor to control the pandemic. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of parents who have vaccinated their children against the COVID-19 and the factors influencing this decision. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study in Greece during the first week of September 2021. The study questionnaire was distributed through social media and a convenience sample was obtained. Only parents with children aged 12-17 years old could participate in the study. We collected socio-demographic data of parents and we measured their attitudes towards vaccination and COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Study population included 656 parents. Mean age of parents was 45.5 years, while most of them were mothers with a high level of education. Regarding vaccination, 27.1% of parents had their children vaccinated against the COVID-19, while almost all children had a complete vaccination history (98.9%). The most important reasons for decline of COVID-19 vaccination were doubts about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (45.3%) and fear of side effects (36.6%). Regarding the information about the COVID-19 vaccines, parents showed more trust in family doctors than in scientists and the government. Multivariate regression analysis identified that increased parents age, increased trust in COVID-19 vaccines, and positive attitude of parents towards vaccination had a positive effect on children vaccination. Conclusions: Understanding the factors influencing parents' decision to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 is crucial to increase the COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate. Implementation of public health policies is necessary to spread knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines and to regain vaccine confidence.

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Smoking Behaviours among Physicians Specializing in Public Health: A Multicentre Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/516734 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giuseppe La Torre ◽

Rosella Saulle ◽

Brigid Unim ◽

Italo Francesco Angelillo ◽

Vincenzo Baldo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Role Models ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lemeshow Test ◽

Level Of Significance

Background. Healthcare professionals have an important role to play both as advisers—influencing smoking cessation—and as role models. However, many of them continue to smoke. The aims of this study were to examine smoking prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among four cohorts physicians specializing in public health, according to the Global Health Profession Students Survey (GHPSS) approach.Materials and Methods. A multicentre cross-sectional study was carried out in 24 Italian schools of public health. The survey was conducted between January and April 2012 and it was carried out a census of students in the selected schools for each years of course (from first to fourth year of attendance), therefore among four cohorts of physicians specializing in Public Health (for a total of n. 459 medical doctors). The GHPSS questionnaires were self-administered via a special website which is created ad hoc for the survey. Logistic regression model was used to identify possible associations with tobacco smoking status. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was performed. The level of significance wasP≤0.05.Results. A total of 388 answered the questionnaire on the website (85%), of which 81 (20.9%) declared to be smokers, 309 (79.6%) considered health professionals as behavioural models for patients, and 375 (96.6%) affirmed that health professionals have a role in giving advice or information about smoking cessation. Although 388 (89.7%) heard about smoking related issues during undergraduate courses, only 17% received specific smoking cessation training during specialization.Conclusions. The present study highlights the importance of focusing attention on smoking cessation training, given the high prevalence of smokers among physicians specializing in public health, their key role both as advisers and behavioural models, and the limited tobacco training offered in public health schools.

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Factors influencing study engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among health and social professions students

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0255191

Author(s):

Clemens Koob ◽

Kristina Schröpfer ◽

Michaela Coenen ◽

Sandra Kus ◽

Nicole Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Resources ◽

Digital Learning ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Major Life Events ◽

Major Life ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Study Engagement

Background The aim of this study is to explore factors influencing the study engagement of health and social professions students during the COVID-19 pandemic. While antecedents of study engagement have been studied previously, the factors influencing engagement under pandemic conditions have not yet been investigated. Furthermore, there is a particular need for research among students in health and social professions programs, as these students are particularly affected by the pandemic. As theoretical basis, the study draws on the demands-resources-theory. It is hypothesized that pandemic-related study and personal resources drive engagement during the pandemic, and that pandemic-related demands negatively influence engagement. Method The study uses a cross-sectional survey to explore the hypothesized effects. The sample consists of 559 university students of health and social professions in Germany. The study was carried out in July 2020, towards the end of the first digital semester and after the first peak in COVID-19 cases. Data are analyzed using linear multiple regression analysis. Results The findings show that the demands-resources-theory is suitable to explain study engagement even under pandemic conditions. Suitable digital learning formats and social support are identified as important study resources for study engagement during major life events, while emotional resilience, active self-care and academic self-efficacy are identified as important personal resources. Conclusions Under pandemic conditions academic institutions should focus on providing beneficial teaching formats and innovative ways to support students lacking social networks. Besides, they should consider developing means to help students structuring daily life as well as establishing initiatives to strengthen students’ self-efficacy beliefs.

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Factors affecting willingness to comply with public health measures during the pandemic among sub-Sahara Africans

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v21i4.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1629-39

Author(s):

Obinna Nwaeze ◽

Raymond Langsi ◽

Uchechukwu L Osuagwu ◽

Richard Oloruntoba ◽

Godwin O Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Face Mask ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Health Measures ◽

Ssa Countries

Background: The unprecedented outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically spread worldwide, resulting in extraordinary measures put in place in various countries including Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Objective: To assess the factors associated with compliance with the public health measures imposed by various SSA countries. Method: Cross sectional study using self-administered surveys distributed on social media platforms between April 18th and May 16th, 2020, corresponding with the mandatory lockdown period in most SSA countries. Multivariate analysis examined theassociated factors. Results: The prevalence of hand hygiene, quarantine, self isolation practices, wearing of face mask and attending large gatherings during COVID-19 were 94%, 39%, 31%, 64% and 14%, respectively. In multivariate models, older age 49+ years: adjusted OR2.13, 95%CI 1.22,3.71), females (OR 1.41,95%CI 1.03,1.93), Central African countries (OR 3.73,95%CI 2.02,6.87) were associated with wearing face mask. Living alone (aOR 1.52,95%CI 1.04,2.24) during the lockdown was associated with avoiding large gatherings including religious events. Female respondents (aOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.30, 2.00), married (aOR 1.71,95%CI 1.33,2.21) and unemployed (aOR 1.62,95%CI 1.25,2.09) SSAs were more likely to practice self-quarantine measures. Conclusion: The low prevalence of mitigation practices suggest the need for targeted education campaign programs to sensitise the population. Keywords: Facemask; Handwashing; Self-isolation; Mitigation; Survey monkey; Pandemic; Lockdown; West Africa; Eastern Africa; South Africa; Nigeria.

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Evaluation and improvement of emergency capacity of medical staff for the COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56429/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shu-Xiao Hu ◽

Chang-Fu Chen ◽

Qing Liu ◽

Gao-Fei Zhang ◽

Hua-Lin Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Local Governments ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Emergencies

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to 215 countries around the world. In the studies of responding to public health emergencies, most of them are focused on health systems, local governments or medical organizations, but less on individuals. Medical staff, however, are the core strength for responding to public health emergencies. The aims of this study are to investigate the status of medical staff’s emergency capacity during the Pandemic and to provide intellectual support for further enhancing the medical staff's ability to ensure the smooth operation of medical rescue. Methods: This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of four hospitals, which were designated to treat patients with COVID-19 in China. Based on the emergency capacity system for infectious diseases of medical staff, an improved Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire was used to evaluate the emergency capacity of medical staff. Linear regression and one-way analysis of variance were used to test the difference in the emergency capacity of medical staff; Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between self-efficacy and emergency capacity of medical staff. Results: The overall emergency capacity of the surveyed medical staff was at a medium level. There was a correlation between emergency capacity and age, working years, position, educational background and area where medical staff work. Emergency capacity was not related to the hospital grades. Emergency capacity was significantly related to whether medical staff had participated in frontline Pandemic prevention work. There was also a positive correlation between emergency capacity and self-efficacy of medical staff. Conclusions: The results highlighted the importance of the training mechanism for emergency personnel. The emergency input for public health emergencies should be increased to improve the emergency capacity of medical staff. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of medical staff.

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Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Beliefs and Self-Efficacy in Persons Naive to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1023/b:aibe.0000030245.52406.bb ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 141-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Nancy R. Reynolds ◽

Marcia A. Testa ◽

Linda G. Marc ◽

Margaret A. Chesney ◽

Judith L. Neidig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing

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Disposal Practices of Unused Medications Among Patients in Public Health Centers of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886315666200331140400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Haile Kassahun ◽

Dugessa Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Centers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Northeast Ethiopia ◽

Unused Medications ◽

At Home

Background: Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results: The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals on how to dispose off unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients regarding disposal practices of unused medications.

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Instagramming our way through public health communication: why and who is using it?

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R Vareda ◽

T Garcia ◽

J Rachadell

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background From disease prevention to health promotion, communication is key for Public Health (PH) practice and, according to the 9th Essential Public Health Operation its goal is to improve populations health literacy and capacity to access, understand and use information. Though social media is frequently presented as a potentially useful tool for PH communication, there is a lack of evidence about its effectiveness and impact on PH outcomes. This study researches Instagram® as a PH tool and aims to know who is using it, what content is shared on the platform and how much engagement there is. Methods This cross-sectional study regards information on 1000 Instagram® posts with the hashtags publichealth, publichealthpromotion, healthpromotion, publichealthmatters and publichealtheducation. Authors categorized post content and creators, and reviewed the number of likes and comments per post to determine engagement. Data analysis was performed on IBM SPSS® Statistics. Results The most common content categories were communicable diseases (n = 383), non-communicable diseases (n = 258) and healthy lifestyles (n = 143). Health professionals post more about communicable diseases (43,6%) and non-professionals about healthy lifestyles (36,1%). Non-professionals (n = 191) post about PH issues almost as much as health professionals (n = 220) and PH associations (n = 201). Most don't reference their sources (n = 821). Posts on communicable diseases have the most likes and comments per post (mean of 172 likes and 3,1 comments). Conclusions Half the Instagram® posts analysed in this study were made by health professionals or organizations. Communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and healthy lifestyles were the most frequent content categories and had the most engagement. The majority of posts didn't reference their sources. Though Instagram® seems to be a potential PH communication tool, further research is needed to confirm its benefits for PH. Key messages Social media platforms like Instagram® are potentially powerful tools for PH communication. There is a need to understand the efficacy of social media as health promotion tools.

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