scholarly journals Eye Disorders Spectrum: A Tertiary Hospital Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic Based in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Tewolde Kidane ◽  
Addisu Worku Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Health Care Planning ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Childhood Cataract

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies to determine the pattern of eye disorders among children are important for proper health care planning and management. This study aimed to document the spectrum and frequency of eye diseases of children who attended the pediatric ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional and convenient sample of 1237, male and female children (16 years and below) with ocular disorders presenting for the first time and those children with settled diagnosis coming for follow up visit between June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 were included in the study. Data on age at presentation, sex and diagnosis were collected and analyzed. Eye disorders were classified into various categories. Children were grouped into four age groups. Ratios, percentages and chi square associations were calculated. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Of the children 60% were male. The mean age (standard deviation) of the children was 4.26 (+4.1) years. Patients aged 0–5 years old were the largest group constituting 70.5%. Ocular motility imbalances were the most common ocular disorders seen (32.8 %), followed by childhood cataract (18.4%) and infection and inflammation of eye and adnexa (8.3%). Ocular motility imbalances were recorded more frequently and statistically significant (p < 0.001) among 1­ 5 years age group. Within the childhood cataract category, congenital cataract was more prominent (7.1%). Within the infection and inflammation category, cornea/ sclera infections were more common (3.7%). Conclusions: The study highlights common eye disorders seen in children in a specialized hospital ophthalmic clinic. Ocular motility imbalance, childhood cataract, and infection and inflammation of the eye and adnexa, were the most common occurring disorders. Early presentation was common, and males were more affected than females.

Pediatric Ophthalmology for Primary Care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Wright ◽  
Yi Ning Strube
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Eye Disorders

Completely updated and revised, the fourth edition provides primary care physicians with must-know information on eye examinations, eye disorders, vision screening, strabismus, dyslexia, ocular trauma, genetic syndromes, and all pediatric-specific eye issues likely to be encountered in primary care. https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-ophthalmology-for-primary-care-paperback/

scholarly journals Bite and Sight: Is There a Correlation? Clinical Association between Dental Malocclusion and Visual Disturbances in Pediatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5913
Author(s):  
Cristina Grippaudo ◽  
Patricia Valerio ◽  
Cristiana Romeo ◽  
Fabiana Fiasca ◽  
Vincenzo Quinzi
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Visual Disturbances

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between malocclusions and visual defects. This is a case-control study evaluating the prevalence of visual defects in patients with different types of malocclusions. Methods: One-hundred and sixty patients aged from 5 to 14 were evaluated using the ROMA index to detect malocclusion; the ones with the lowest scores were used as the control group. They were also submitted to visual-capacity inspection for motility and refractive disorders. Results: Our work showed an enhanced prevalence of refractive defects or fusional vergence defects and alteration of eye movements (especially the saccades) in almost all dental malocclusions. Statistics: The Kappa test values for ROMA index were between 0.643 and 1.00 for the intraoperator agreement (0.00 < p < 0.002) and between 0.773 and 1.00 for the agreement between operators (p = 0 < 0.001). The statistically significance level for the correlation malocclusion/visual defects was set at p < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed with the STATA software (version 15.0, Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Conclusion: Considering the high level of the statistical analysis and the accuracy of the methodology used, these data allows the establishment of a huge correlation between sagittal, transversal and vertical malocclusions with ocular disorders (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and ocular motility defects).

scholarly journals Establishing a pediatric ophthalmology service in malawi: Developments in childhood cataract surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Aaron Jamison ◽  
JaneR Mackinnon ◽  
TimothyE Lavy ◽  
Chatonda Manda ◽  
Gerald Msukwa
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Childhood Cataract

scholarly journals Pattern of surgical admissions to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Sahlu Wondimu ◽  
Solomon Bekele ◽  
Dawit G. Giorgis ◽  
Feron Getachew ◽  
Nebyou Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Emergency Admissions ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients

Background: Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH) is Ethiopia’s largest tertiary teaching and referral hospital admitting and treating surgical patients under various specialties. This study aims to analyze the magnitude and pattern of surgical admissions to this facility. Methods: A five-year Cross sectional retrospective analysis was done on all adult surgical admissions to TASH from Sept. 2010 to Sept. 2015. Results: There were a total of 8,698 surgical admissions of which, 4471 (51.4%) were male and 4227 (48.5%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.06:1. Their age ranged from 13 to 95, with mean age being 38.8 ± 16.2 years. Three thousand two hundred twenty two (46.5%) patients were from Addis Ababa. Of all admissions, 4706 (54.1%) were elective ones of which obstructive uropathy, 997(21.1%), esophageal diseases, 716(15.2%) and Urolithiasis, 573(12.2%) respectively are the top three. The rest, 3992 (44.9%), were emergency admissions, the top three ones being trauma, 1435(35.9%), appendicitis 281(7%) and Intestinal obstruction, 190(4.7%) respectively. General surgical (gastrointestinal, endocrine and vascular) cases account for 3414 (39.25%) of all admissions followed by urosurgical cases, 2114 (25.31%), cardiothoracic surgical cases, 1942 (22.33%), and neurosurgical cases, 1139 (13.1%). There were a total of 280 deaths with an overall mortality rate of 4% of which, 3.2% were from elective admissions and 5.2% from emergency ones. Mortality rate was the highest among neurosurgical patients being 6.3% followed by 4.3%, 3.8% and 3.5% in cardiothoracic, general surgical and urosurgical cases respectively. Conclusions: The admission pattern indicates quite a big number and diversity of cases though the bed capacity is limited. There are significant number of cases that could be treated at other secondary level hospitals. Trauma is the leading cause of emergency admissions and significant cause of mortality. We recommend increasing the number of beds, organizing separate trauma center and admitting only cases requiring tertiary level care. Keywords: pattern of surgical diseases; surgical admissions; Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital 

scholarly journals Pattern of Ophthalmic Procedures Performed at a New Peripheral Eye Clinic in a Semi-urban Area in Port Harcourt, Nigeria - A 5 Year Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireju Onyinye Chukwuka ◽  
Elizabeth Akon Awoyesuku
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Pterygium Excision ◽  
Age Range

Aim: A number of ophthalmic procedures are essential in the management of ocular disorders and are an integral part of ophthalmic practice all over the world.  As different therapeutic methods evolve, some ophthalmic procedures have become outdated and some have been modified or replaced by various forms of laser therapy, leading to an increase in uptake of ophthalmic procedures in this country. Also though our patients still prefer non-surgical therapy, when surgery is performed, the results are much improved leading to greater patient satisfaction. This is a result of the use of more sophisticated and expensive surgical equipment and better surgical techniques. The ophthalmic procedures analyzed here were carried out in a general ophthalmic clinic without any subspecialty affiliation. Methodology: This is a retrospective review of ophthalmic procedures carried out in a specialist facility over a five year period. Information on age, sex and type of ocular procedure was retrieved from case notes of patients and entered into excel sheets. Data was exported from excel sheets for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 111 patients had Ophthalmic procedures over the 5 –year period under review with a mean age of 56.7±18.5 years and age range from 7 to 89 years. Sixty-three of the patients (56.8%) were males while forty-eight (43.2%) were females (M:F = 4:3). The commonest ophthalmic procedure carried out was cataract extraction which accounted for 48.6% of cases followed by yag laser capsulotomy (19.8%) and pterygium excision (18%). No surgical or laser procedures for glaucoma were performed during this period. Conclusion: Ophthalmic procedures are a very important mode of treatment of eye disorders. The most common procedure performed in our study was cataract extraction and more males than females underwent both cataract surgery and pterygium excision while more females had laser capsulotomy.

scholarly journals Development of a pediatric ophthalmology academic partnership between Canada and Ethiopia: a situational analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Kletke ◽  
Jibat G. Soboka ◽  
Helen Dimaras ◽  
Sadik T. Sherief ◽  
Asim Ali
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Implementation Barriers

Abstract Background Educational capacity building in pediatric ophthalmology is necessary to address the burden of childhood blindness in Ethiopia. Residency and fellowship training at Addis Ababa University (AAU) have been enhanced with support from the University of Toronto (UofT), following the established Toronto Addis Ababa Academic Collaboration (TAAAC). Our aim was to assess the feasibility of implementing a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship at AAU with support from UofT, modeled by successful postgraduate medical education within TAAAC. Methods A situational analysis, including a needs assessment, was conducted at Menelik II Hospital, Addis Ababa. Staff expertise, equipment and infrastructure were compared to International Council of Ophthalmology fellowship guidelines. Patient volumes were assessed through medical chart review. Local training needs were evaluated. A strategic working meeting facilitated program specification. Results The faculty consisted of 11 ophthalmologists, including 2 pediatric specialists. Fourteen thousand six hundred twenty-seven medical and three thousand six hundred forty-one surgical pediatric cases were seen in the previous year. A 2-year fellowship incorporating anterior segment, retinoblastoma, strabismus, and retinopathy of prematurity modules was developed. Research collaborations, didactic teaching, and surgical supervision were identified as priorities requiring support. Quality standard indicators included faculty feedback, case log review and formal examination. Telemedicine, development of a larger eye hospital and partnerships to support equipment maintenance were identified as strategies to manage implementation barriers. Conclusions The situational analysis provided a way forward for the development of a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship, the first of its kind in Eastern Africa. Learning outcomes are feasible given high patient volumes, qualified staff supervision and sufficient equipment. Strategic partnerships may ensure resource sustainability.

Review of Netrarog Hetu according to modern lifestyle.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranal V. Nandvikar
Keyword(s):  
Sense Organ ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
New Era ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
Ocular Health

Prevention of ocular disorders and preservation of ocular health has become essential, as changing lifestyle has resulted in many eye disorders and brought miseries to daily life. Our ancient seers have also given prime importance to eye by considering it as the most vital sense organ among all the sense organs. If the causative factors are not addressed this can lead to more serious diseases. Stopping the causative factor itself is a treatment. Ayurveda found to describe vividly about ocular health and hygiene. Asssociation between such faulty lifestyle measures and subsequent eye diseases are searched and reviewed from different Ayurvedic literature and online sources. Thus assessment was made to invest knowledge of ancient science for fulfilling the growing demand of mankind in new era. When it is assessed the path of application gets flourished as a science.  As prevention is better than cure, attempt is  made to analyse Netraroga hetus ( causative factors of eye diseases ) due to modern lifestyle and made is easy to be understood by everyone to understand and modify lifestyle.

Pediatric Ophthalmology for Primary Care, 3rd Ed

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Resource Manual ◽  
Clinic Foundation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Effective Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Resource

Formatted for practical problem solving, the new 3rd edition of this clinical resource manual covers the full spectrum of eye disorders, eye examinations, vision screening, strabismus, dyslexia, ocular trauma, genetic syndromes, and all the diverse pediatric-specific eye disorders you are likely to encounter. "This book is a useful and well presented source of pediatric ophthalmology. The excellent photos are clear and crisp." Stephen Mikell, MD, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Doody's Review, 2008. Clear, concise explanations and recommendations are complemented by numerous figures and photographs demonstrating eye pathology. Includes more than 200 color images; ready access to expert guidance through all the steps in effective diagnosis and intervention, including laboratory workup, etiology, differential diagnosis, preferred treatment approach, clinical course, prognosis, and indications for referral; expanded chapter on amblyopia and strabismus; new information on the importance of maintaining physiologic hypoxia; and down syndrome.

scholarly journals RASAYANA AND DEGENERATIVE EYE DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2160-2164
Author(s):  
Sangram Singh Rajput ◽  
Shiromani Mishra ◽  
Ravindra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functional Deterioration

As eyes are in continuous exposure to the light and face both anatomical as well as functional deterioration with increasing age, there is a high incidence of issues in visual functioning of the eye that affects day to day activities of the individual and has a great impact on the physical, social and mental state of a person. As with today's world, the intake of unhealthy food and improper lifestyle is the main cause of to produce Ama, which is the ma- jor cause of development of all the diseases including ocular disorders. Rasayana Chikitsa is well known for its effective and potential role in degenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Profile of refractive error in Ekiti, south western Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyiade A. Ajayi ◽  
Olusola J. Omotoye ◽  
Olubunmi Omotoso-Olagoke
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Refractive error is one of the eye disorders with the capability of causing visual impairment. We needed to know the various types and proportion of refractive errors seen in patients attending an eye clinic at the tertiary health centre.Aim: An observational study was carried out to determine the profile of refractive error in a southwestern Nigeria hospital.Methods: All new cases with the diagnosis of refractive error between January 2015 and December 2016 had autorefraction and subjective refraction to determine the types and values of refractive error. Data were analysed with SPSS 20. Statistical significance was inferred at p < 0.05.Results: Refractive error constituted 618 (21.4%) of the total new cases. The mean age was 39.3 ± 22.96 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.8. Children constituted 25.7% of all the cases. The most common refractive error was myopia in 64.3%. A total of 312 (50.5%) patients had other co-existing ocular disorders with allergic conjunctivitis on the top of the list. The number of visually impaired reduced to 70 (5.64%) after the correction of existing refractive error with about 94.1% having their visual acuity restored to normal.Conclusion: Refractive error was a common eye disorder among our patients with the proportion of children about a quarter of all patients. We recommend that childhood refractive errors should be given prioritised attention in eye outreach programmes.

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