scholarly journals Erythemal UV Dose and UV Index Measurement at 37th North Latitude and Its Possible Effects on Humans

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Emrahoglu
Keyword(s):  
Great Risk ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
June July ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Uv Ozone ◽  
Temperature Correlations ◽  
North Latitude

Abstract In this study, UV irradiance and UV erythemal and UV index data of May, June, July and August measured in Adana (longitute=36 E, latitute=37 N altitute=140m) between 2013 and 2019 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the average of four months was 14.16 MED (2.9736 J/m2) and the highest value of these four months was calculated as 15.6 MED (3.276 J/m2) in July. The percentage frequency of the total daily UV dose was also calculated and it was determined that the region was under the effect of 70-80% high UV dose. In addition, it was calculated to have a high UV index according to local time (10.00-14.00). It was concluded that this situation poses a great risk for workers working in agricultural areas in the region and for people who spend their summer holidays by the sea. UV Dose-Ozone, UV Dose-temperature, UV Dose-humidity and Ozone-temperature correlations were also calculated. As a result of the comparison, it was found that there was an R= -0.64 correlation between UV-ozone, an R= -1.00 correlation between temperature and ozone, and a direct correlation of R= 0.60 between UV radiation and temperature.

Climatological Global Solar UV Index: Measurement and Health Issues in Malta

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-277
Author(s):  
Roderick Busuttil ◽  
Charles Galdies ◽  
Joseph Cacciottolo ◽  
Charles Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Health Issues ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Solar Uv

scholarly journals Possible values of UV index in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milorad Letic
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
June July ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Column

INTRODUCTION UV Index is an indicator of human exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) rays. The numerical values of the UV Index range from 1-11 and above. There are three levels of protection against UV radiation; low values of the UV Index - protection is not required, medium values of the UV Index - protection is recommended and high values of the UV Index - protection is obligatory. The value of the UV Index primarily depends on the elevation of the sun and total ozone column. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to determine the intervals of possible maximal annual values of the UV Index in Serbia in order to determine the necessary level of protection in a simple manner. METHOD For maximal and minimal expected values of total column ozone and for maximal elevation of the sun, the value of the UV Index was determined for each month in the Northern and Southern parts of Serbia. These values were compared with the forecast of the UV Index. RESULTS Maximal clear sky values of the UV Index in Serbia for altitudes up to 500m in May, June, July and August can be 9 or even 10, and not less than 5 or 6. During November, December, January and February the UV Index can be 4 at most. During March, April, September and October the expected values of the UV Index are maximally 7 and not less than 3. The forecast of the UV Index is within these limits in 98% of comparisons. CONCLUSION The described method of determination of possible UV Index values showed a high agreement with forecasts. The obtained results can be used for general recommendations in the protection against UV radiation.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of solar UV irradiance measured with array spectroradiometers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1553-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Egli ◽  
Julian Gröbner ◽  
Gregor Hülsen ◽  
Luciano Bachmann ◽  
Mario Blumthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
End User ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
The World ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Solar Uv Irradiance

Abstract. The reliable quantification of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the earth's surface requires accurate measurements of spectral global solar UV irradiance in order to determine the UV exposure to human skin and to understand long-term trends in this parameter. Array spectroradiometers (ASRMs) are small, light, robust and cost-effective instruments, and are increasingly used for spectral irradiance measurements. Within the European EMRP ENV03 project “Solar UV”, new devices, guidelines and characterization methods have been developed to improve solar UV measurements with ASRMs, and support to the end user community has been provided. In order to assess the quality of 14 end user ASRMs, a solar UV intercomparison was held on the measurement platform of the World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) in Davos, Switzerland, from 10 to 17 July 2014. The results of the blind intercomparison revealed that ASRMs, currently used for solar UV measurements, show a large variation in the quality of their solar UV measurements. Most of the instruments overestimate the erythema-weighted UV index – in particular at large solar zenith angles – due to stray light contribution in the UV-B range. The spectral analysis of global solar UV irradiance further supported the finding that the uncertainties in the UV-B range are very large due to stray light contribution in this wavelength range. In summary, the UV index may be detected by some commercially available ASRMs within 5 % compared to the world reference spectroradiometer, if well characterized and calibrated, but only for a limited range of solar zenith angles. Generally, the tested instruments are not yet suitable for solar UV measurements for the entire range between 290 and 400 nm under all atmospheric conditions.

scholarly journals UV Index Forecasting under the Influence of Desert Dust: Evaluation against Surface and Satellite-Retrieved Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillan Raymond Roshan ◽  
Muammer Koc ◽  
Amir Abdallah ◽  
Luis Martin-Pomares ◽  
Rima Isaifan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Uv Irradiance

Human exposure to healthy doses of UV radiation is required for vitamin D synthesis, but exposure to excessive UV irradiance leads to several harmful impacts ranging from premature wrinkles to dangerous skin cancer. However, for countries located in the global dust belt, accurate estimation of the UV irradiance is challenging due to a strong impact of desert dust on incoming solar radiation. In this work, a UV Index forecasting capability is presented, specifically developed for dust-rich environments, that combines the use of ground-based measurements of broadband irradiances UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm), NASA OMI Aura satellite-retrieved data and the meteorology-chemistry mesoscale model WRF-Chem. The forecasting ability of the model is evaluated for clear sky days as well as during the influence of dust storms in Doha, Qatar. The contribution of UV radiation to the total incoming global horizontal irradiance (GHI) ranges between 5% and 7% for UVA and 0.1% and 0.22% for UVB. The UVI forecasting performance of the model is quite encouraging with an absolute average error of less than 6% and a correlation coefficient of 0.93. In agreement with observations, the model predicts that the UV Index at local noontime can drop from 10–11 on clear sky days to approximately 6–7 during typical dusty conditions in the Arabian Peninsula—an effect similar to the presence of extensive cloud cover.

scholarly journals High levels of ultraviolet radiation observed by ground-based instruments below the 2011 Arctic ozone hole

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 10573-10590 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bernhard ◽  
A. Dahlback ◽  
V. Fioletov ◽  
A. Heikkilä ◽  
B. Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
The Face ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Ozone Episode

Abstract. Greatly increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation were observed at thirteen Arctic and sub-Arctic ground stations in the spring of 2011, when the ozone abundance in the Arctic stratosphere dropped to the lowest amounts on record. Measurements of the noontime UV Index (UVI) during the low-ozone episode exceeded the climatological mean by up to 77% at locations in the western Arctic (Alaska, Canada, Greenland) and by up to 161% in Scandinavia. The UVI measured at the end of March at the Scandinavian sites was comparable to that typically observed 15–60 days later in the year when solar elevations are much higher. The cumulative UV dose measured during the period of the ozone anomaly exceeded the climatological mean by more than two standard deviations at 11 sites. Enhancements beyond three standard deviations were observed at seven sites and increases beyond four standard deviations at two sites. At the western sites, the episode occurred in March, when the Sun was still low in the sky, limiting absolute UVI anomalies to less than 0.5 UVI units. At the Scandinavian sites, absolute UVI anomalies ranged between 1.0 and 2.2 UVI units. For example, at Finse, Norway, the noontime UVI on 30 March was 4.7, while the climatological UVI is 2.5. Although a UVI of 4.7 is still considered moderate, UV levels of this amount can lead to sunburn and photokeratitis during outdoor activity when radiation is reflected upward by snow towards the face of a person or animal. At the western sites, UV anomalies can be well explained with ozone anomalies of up to 41% below the climatological mean. At the Scandinavian sites, low ozone can only explain a UVI increase of 50–60%. The remaining enhancement was mainly caused by the absence of clouds during the low-ozone period.

scholarly journals First national intercomparison of solar ultraviolet radiometers in Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2789-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Diémoz ◽  
A. M. Siani ◽  
G. R. Casale ◽  
A. di Sarra ◽  
B. Serpillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Solar Uv Irradiance ◽  
Field Intercomparison ◽  
Synchronized Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Double Monochromator

Abstract. A blind intercomparison of ground-based ultraviolet (UV) instruments has been organized for the first time in Italy. The campaign was coordinated by the Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley (ARPA Valle d'Aosta) and took place in Saint-Christophe (45.8° N, 7.4° E, 570 m a.s.l.), in the Alpine region, from 8 to 23 June 2010. It involved 8 institutions, 10 broadband radiometers, 2 filter radiometers and 2 spectroradiometers. Synchronized measurements of downward global solar UV irradiance at the ground were collected and the raw series were then individually processed by the respective operators on the basis of their own procedures and calibration data. The comparison was performed in terms of global solar UV Index and integrated UV-A irradiance against a well-calibrated double monochromator spectroradiometer as reference. An improved algorithm for comparing broadband data and spectra has been developed. For some instruments, we found average deviations ranging from −16 % up to 20 % relative to the reference and diurnal variations as large as 15 % even in clear days. Remarkable deviations also arose from instruments recently in operation and never involved in field intercomparison.

scholarly journals Measurements of UV irradiance within the area of one satellite pixel

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 5615-5626 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Weihs ◽  
M. Blumthaler ◽  
H. E. Rieder ◽  
A. Kreuter ◽  
S. Simic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Instantaneous Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. A measurement campaign was performed in the region of Vienna and its surroundings from May to July 2007. Within the scope of this campaign erythemal UV was measured at six ground stations within a radius of 30 km. First, the homogeneity of the UV levels within the area of one satellite pixel was studied. Second, the ground UV was compared to ground UV retrieved by the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) onboard the NASA EOS Aura Spacecraft. During clear-sky conditions the mean bias between erythemal UV measured by the different stations was within the measurement uncertainty of ±5%. Short term fluctuations of UV between the stations were below 3% within a radius of 20 km. For partly cloudy conditions and overcast conditions the discrepancy of instantaneous values between the stations is up to 200% or even higher. If averages of the UV index over longer time periods are compared the difference between the stations decreases strongly. The agreement is better than 20% within a distance of 10 km between the stations for 3 h averages. The comparison with OMI UV showed for clear-sky conditions higher satellite retrieved UV values by, on the average, approximately 15%. The ratio of OMI to ground measured UV lies between 0.9 and 1.5. and strongly depends on the aerosol optical depth. For partly cloudy and overcast conditions the OMI derived surface UV estimates show larger deviation from the ground-based reference data, and even bigger systematic positive bias. Here the ratio OMI to ground data lies between 0.5 and 4.5. The average difference between OMI and ground measurements is +24 to +37% for partly cloudy conditions and more than +50% for overcast conditions.

scholarly journals Framework Assessment And Index Of Knowledge Management Of Small Farmers In The Agricultural Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronice ◽  
Helmi ◽  
Henmaidi ◽  
Ernita Arif
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Group Member

Knowledge Management (KM) in agriculture is an establishing system for creating, documenting, classifying, and disseminating knowledge, required for synergy of the development of technological innovation dissemination. KM framework requires assessment as a basis for the KM system in agricultural areas as efforts to determine the effectiveness of the system need to have a KM index which serves to represent conditions in the field. This study aims to determine the framework and KM index of small farmers in agricultural areas. Also, evaluating it as a basis for KM systems requires framework assessment in agricultural areas; therefore, the effectivity determination requires a KM index which represents the conditions in the field. The design process uses a Delphi method through the stages, as well as in-depth interviews with 15 experts, observations, and Focus Group Discussion. The result reveals the form of KM index measurement variables within agricultural areas. First, acquisition with indicators of all group member participation in all related activities. This process occurred within and outside the organisation, using a systematic approach. Second, storage with signs of knowledge access owned by all members, which are easily traceable and digitally stored, as well as the existence of information security mechanism. Third, distribution with indicators source, material clarity, and the delivery methods used. And fourth, application with indicators of precise regulation, utilising information technology. The average index results based on the reference of American Productivity and Quality Center (APQC)'s level of Knowledge Management Maturity KM obtained level 3 which is standardisation with the dominant indicator being the acquisition indicator. This study concludes the KM framework in the agricultural area has four variables, and the km level index is at level 3.

scholarly journals Satellite Estimation and Ground Based Measurements of Solar UV Index in Kathmandu

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Niranjan Prasad Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Ozone Column

The study is based on the satellite estimation and ground measurements of solar UV index in Kathmandu for the year 2009. Kathmandu (27.720N, 85.320E) is located at an elevation of 1350m from the sea level. The ground based measurement and satellite estimation was performed by NILU-UV irradiance meter and EOS Aura OMI spacecraft. The NILU-UV irradiance meter measures UV radiation in different spectral range. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is a spectrometer designed to monitor solar radiation in spectral range of (270-500) nm. This study shows that satellite overestimates the ground based (GB) UV Index (UVI) before monsoon by 103.6 % whereas during the monsoon period overestimation comes down to 70.8 %. The correlation coefficient (r) between ozone column from satellite and ground based measurement before monsoon and after monsoon is also studied. It is observed that the correlation between satellite estimated ozone column and ground based ozone column before and after monsoon is 0.83. The study showed that the estimation of OMI before monsoon is high than after monsoon. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10664Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 18–26

scholarly journals Solar UV Index at Different Altitudes of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Niranjan Prasad Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Index

The main objective of this research is to study the satellite estimated solar Ultraviolet data alongside the ground based data in Nepal. Kathmandu (27.72°N, 85.32°>E), Pokhara (28.22°N, 83.32°E) Biratnagar (26.45°N, 87.27°E) and Lukla (27.69°N, 86.73°E) are located at an elevation of 1350m, 800m, 72m and 2850m respectively from the sea level. The ground based measurements and the satellite estimation were performed by NILU-UV irradiance meter and EOS Aura OMI satellite respectively. The NILU-UV irradiance meter is a six channel radiometer designed to measure hemispherical irradiances on a flat surface. Meanwhile the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board, the NASA EOS Aura space craft is a nadir viewing spectrometer that measures solar reflected and back scattered light in ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The study was performed for 3 years Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) data. This study showed that the ratio of predicted OMI Ultraviolet Index (UVI) to that determined from the ground based measurement was less than 1.21 except in Lukla.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 200-205

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document