scholarly journals Proximate Determinants and Decomposition of Changes in Fertility Levels in Nigeria, 2003-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tubosun Alex Olowolafe ◽  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale ◽  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi ◽  
Obiageli Chiezey Onwusaka
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Proximate Determinants

Abstract BackgroundThere is disparity in fertility level across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Deeper uunderstanding about the drivers of fertility trends are necessary to prioritize zonal specific strategies for fertility reduction in Nigeria. Thus, this study examined the proximate determinants (PDs) of fertility and decomposed the change in its level across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria.MethodData from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003 and 2018 were analyzed. Fertility data were based on the report of full birth history from women of reproductive age. The Revised Bongaarts framework was used to estimate PDs and fertility levels. The contribution of each PDs to the observed changes in fertility levels was quantified using Das Gupta’s five- factor decomposition method.ResultAcross the zones, there was a change in the fertility inhibiting effect of Contraception (Cc) between 2003 and 2018. The fertility inhibiting effect of Postpartum Infecundability (Ci) and Abortion was the highest and smallest respectively across the zones. The Total fertility rate (TFR) in 2003 and 2008 across the zones are South-South (5.04 vs 4.36), South-West (4.88 vs 4.26), North West (7.25 vs 6.85), North East (6.87 vs 6.54), North Central (5.72 vs 5.48), South East (5.06 vs 4.86), Nigeria (6.00 vs 5.59). Delayed sexual exposure (Cm) and contraceptive use (Cc) contributed the most to the change across the regions. The percentage contribution of Cm in South-South, South West, and South East was 87.04%, 52.89%, and 172.85% respectively. Furthermore, most of the fertility change observed in North Central was attributable to Cc.ConclusionAbortion index was not an important inhibiting factor of fertility in Nigeria. Delayed sexual exposure and contraceptive use accounted for the largest change observed in fertility levels across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria between 2003 and 2018. Strategies that promote delayed sexual exposure, contraceptive use and breast feeding practices will enhance fertility transition in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in Postnatal Care Service Utilisation and Child Morbidity in Nigeria: Evidence from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endurance Uzobo ◽  
Aboluwaji D. Ayinmoro
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Child Morbidity

Abstract Introduction: Modern Postnatal Care Services (PNC) in Nigeria is vital tool for providing quality health for mothers and newborns. Nonetheless, many regions in Nigeria are still struggling to achieve optimum utilisation of modern PNC services due to variation in associated socioeconomic factors of mothers based on their regions. This study aims at assessing regional socioeconomic factors associated with PNC services utilisation and its relationship with child morbidity in Nigeria. Methods Data for this study was extracted from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 birth recoded file dataset, with a sample size of 30713 women (aged 15–49). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test and logistic regression. The main predictor variable was the region, while others included the type of PNC service utilised and various demographic variables of the respondents – age, education, type of residence, religion, ethnicity among others. Results The average age of the respondents was 29.5 ± 6.8. The use of modern PNC services ranged from South-West (20.3%), South-South (10.9%), South-East (23.0%), North-Central (22.0%), North-East (13.0%) to North-West (10.9%). The prevalence of child morbidity ranged from South-West (8.5%), South-South (9.8%), South-East (11.4%), North-Central (15.3%), North-East (26.3%) to North-West (28.7%). Child morbidity is significantly higher in the South-South (OR = 1.46), South-East (OR = 1.50), North-Central (OR = 1.13), North-East (OR = 2.31) and North-West (OR = 1.35) compared to the South-West. Conclusion Majority of women in Nigeria are not using modern PNC services. Regional variations in the use of PNC services and socio-demographic characteristics of mothers influence child morbidity in Nigeria. There is need for regional-specific context sensitisation for mothers in the use of modern PNC services.

scholarly journals Subnational estimates of maternal mortality in Nigeria: Analysis of female siblings’ survivorship histories. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Oluwatosin Babajide ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi ◽  
Olusola Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
The South ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

Abstract BACKGROUND High Maternal Mortality (MM) in Nigeria is further complicated by the lack of reliable estimates for subnational levels such as states and geopolitical regions. Disaggregating maternal mortality estimates by subnational levels is crucial to ensuring policy decisions and program implementation are adapted to areas with a high burden of mortality. This study involves a novel adaptation of small area estimation techniques to derive plausible estimates of levels and trends in Maternal Mortality rates and ratios for states and geopolitical regions in Nigeria. METHODS. Survivorship history data of 293,769 female siblings were provided by 114,154 women in the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008, 2013 and 2018. MM Rates and Ratios were estimated using the Empirical Bayesian technique for small area demographic estimates. The James-Stein estimator was used to shrink the estimates closer to the population mean values with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS Levels of MMRatio were highest in the rural areas, States and regions in Northern Nigeria. MMRatio was consistently lower in the South West (2008=281; 2013=367; 2018=392) and higher among the Northern regions of the country, particularly the North-East (2008=654; 2013=612; 2018=901) for three consecutive surveys. Over the three surveys, mortality trends declined about 18% in the North West and 54.2% in the South East region. However, there was a 4.8% increase in MMRatio for South West between 2008 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Nigeria has geopolitical and sub-national disparities that pose a burden to the country’s maternal health. Since several states in the Northern geopolitical zone still show high maternal mortality, targeted intervention at state levels should be explored to ensure that mothers who need help get it to ensure the sustainable development goals are met.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship and Self-Sustainability in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Alabar ◽  
Mtswenem Paul Shima
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
High Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
West North Central

<div><p><em>The need for this study arose from the worrisome state of unemployment in the country and the obvious neglect of the direct effect of entrepreneurship to entrepreneurs. The study therefore, attempts to ascertain the possible relationship between entrepreneurship and self sustainability in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey design and the six Geo-political zones of the country; south-east, south-south, south-west, north central, north east and north west constituted the population for the study from which a purposive sample of ten (10) entrepreneurs from each zone was taken with particular reference to those that have survived the five (5) years of existence and the total was 60. Data so collected was presented in tabular form and analyzed. The Friedman’s Chi-square was instrumental in the test of the hypothesis formulated and the result showed a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship and self-sustainability in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommended that considering the pivotal role that entrepreneurship plays in enhancing self-sustainability in the economy, all hands must be on desk to encourage and support entrepreneurial activities in order to curb the high level menace of unemployment rate as well as provide  a supporting ground for economic sustainability of the country.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Regional Differences in Postnatal Care Service Utilisation and Child Morbidity in Nigeria: Evidence from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Endurance Uzobo ◽  
Aboluwaji D. Ayinmoro
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
Care Services ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Modern Postnatal Care (PNC) Services in Nigeria is a vital tool for providing quality health for mothers and newborns. Nonetheless, many Nigeria regions are still struggling to achieve optimum utilisation of Postnatal Care Services due to variations in mothers' associated socio-economic factors based on their specific locations. This study aims at assessing regional socio-economic factors associated with Postnatal Care Services utilisation and its relationship with child morbidity in Nigeria. Data for this study was extracted from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 birth recoded file dataset, with a sample size of 30,713 women (aged 15-49). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test, and logistic regression reporting the result in odds-ratios (OR). The primary predictor variable was the region, while others included the type of Postnatal Care Services utilised and various demographic variables of the respondents – age, education, type of residence, religion, and ethnicity. The average age of the respondents was 29.5±6.8. The use of modern Postnatal Care Services ranged from South-West (20.3%), South-South (10.9%), South-East (23.0%), North-Central (22.0%), North-East (13.0%) to North-West (10.9%). The prevalence of child morbidity ranged from South-West (8.5%), South-South (9.8%), South-East (11.4%), North-Central (15.3%), North-East (26.3%) to North-West (28.7%). Child morbidity is significantly higher in the South-South (OR=1.46, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.316 – 1.611; p =0.01), South-East (OR=1.50), North-Central (OR=1.13), North-East (OR=2.31) and North-West (OR=1.35) compared to the South-West. The majority of women in Nigeria are not using modern PNC services. Regional variations in the use of PNC services and mothers' socio-demographic characteristics influence child morbidity in Nigeria. There should be region-specific sensitisation of women on the need for the benefit of modern health care for both antenatal care and postnatal care services.

scholarly journals Geopolitical zones differentials in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) utilization in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254475
Author(s):  
Chinedu Chukwu ◽  
Herbert Onuoha ◽  
Kwala Adline Katty Okorafor ◽  
Oluwaseun Ojomo ◽  
Olugbenga A. Mokuolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background The coverage of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) uptake for the prevention of malaria commonly vary by geography. Many sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, including Nigeria are adopting the use of LLIN and IPTp to fight malaria. Albeit, the coverage of these interventions to prevent malaria across geographical divisions have been understudied in many countries. In this study, we aimed to explore the differentials in LLIN and IPTp uptake across Nigerian geopolitical zones. Methods We analyzed data from Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2016–17. The outcome variables were IPTp and LLIN uptake among women of childbearing age (15–49 years). A total sample of 24,344 women who had given birth were examined for IPTp use and 36,176 women for LLIN use. Percentages, Chi-square test and multivariable logit models plots were used to examine the geopolitical zones differentials in IPTp and LLIN utilization. Data was analyzed at 5% level of significance. Results The overall prevalence of IPTp was 76.0% in Nigeria. Moreover, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (71.3%), North East (76.9%), North West (78.2%), South East (76.1%), South South (79.7%) and South West (72.4%) respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of LLIN was 87.7%% in Nigeria. Also, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (89.1%), North East (91.8%), North West (90.0%), South East (77.3%), South South (81.1%) and South West (69.8%) respectively. Women who have access to media use, married, educated and non-poor were more likely to uptake IPTp. On the other hand, rural dwellers and those with media use were more likely to use LLIN. Conversely, married, educated, non-poor and women aged 25–34 and 35+ were less likely to use LLIN. Conclusion Though the utilization of IPTp and LLIN was relatively high, full coverage are yet to be achieved. There was geopolitical zones differentials in the prevalence of IPTp and LLIN in Nigeria. Promoting the utilization of IPTp and LLINs across the six geopolitical zones through intensive health education and widespread mass media campaigns will help to achieve the full scale IPTp and LLIN utilization.

scholarly journals Safety Challenges in Transportation in Nigeria – A Relative Risk Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Suleiman G. Purokayo ◽  
James Zira Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
West North Central

This study investigates safety challenges in transportation in Nigeria across the six geopolitical zones of the country comprising South-South, South-East, North-West, North-Central, North-East and South-West geopolitical Zones. Both primary and secondary data were employed, and the Multinomial Logistic Regression Model, with specific adoption of the Relative Risk Ratio approach, is the method of analysis. The main concern is examination of exposed and unexposed commuters in the various locations to determine the degrees of exposure to risks associated with ‘basket’ of modes, state of infrastructures and specific risk factors, which account for the fatalities observed on the different roads under consideration. It is found that the six geopolitical zones have various degrees of risks exposure while North-West, North-Central and South-West zones showed significant risk difference between the exposed and the unexposed groups due to risk factors such as bad roads, road blockage/obstruction, kidnaping, unmaintained vehicles, overloading, over speeding and other forms of reckless use of the roads etc. The study recommends risk avoidance education to commuters as new strategies in vulnerable zones and increased deployment of well-trained community road marshals and other relevant security personnel to monitor situations and provide safety for road users. Also, a working transportation policy must be evolve to mitigate the risk factors highlighted above.

scholarly journals Determinants of maternal autonomyin Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Awe Olubusola W ◽  
Oladokun Yetunde OM ◽  
Adenegan Kemisola O
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
Care Services ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Maternal Autonomy

Utilization of health care services by maternal women has been shown to prevent most maternal deaths and health issues faced by women in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined the level of maternal autonomy and the determinants of maternal autonomy in utilizing health care services in Nigeria. Data on 10193 married women, living in Nigeria were sourced from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Data were disaggregated into six Geo–political zones (North Central, North West, North East, South East, South–South, and South West). Information on socio–economic characteristics, level of maternal autonomy, and factors influencing maternal autonomy were obtained. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, composite score analysis, ordered probit regression.The mean age was 30 years. 54.61% of the maternal women have low level of autonomy, 42.92% of the respondents have intermediate autonomy and 2.46% of the respondents have high autonomy. Majority of the respondents have low autonomy. About determinants of maternal autonomy, age of respondents was significant and positively related to maternal autonomy at 1% that is, increase in age leads to increase in maternal autonomy. The household size of respondents was significant at 1% and negatively related to maternal autonomy. Respondents who are working have higher autonomy than respondents who are not working. Respondents who have husbands that are working have lower autonomy when compared to those whose husbands are not working. Also, respondents who have husbands with formal education have high autonomy than those whose husbands are not working. Respondents in north–east and north–west have lower autonomy when compared to north–central while respondents in south–east, south–south and south–west have higher autonomy when compared to respondents in north–central. Efforts should be made by governmental and non–governmental organisations to orientate the women and their spouses on the need for women to be autonomous on issues relating to their health.

scholarly journals Practice of the use of oral mucosa graft urethroplasty among Nigerian urologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Ngwobia P. Agwu ◽  
Ahmed M. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Annual General Meeting ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
South West ◽  
The University

Background: Urethral stricture is an ancient disease that has plagued men. Management of this disease has been evolving due to advances in technology and better understanding of the pathogenesis. Use of oral mucosal grafts for substitution urethroplasty has been gaining world-wide acceptance and application by urologists. This article examines the of application of this urethral substitute among Nigerian urologists.Methods: This was a questionnaire-based study administered to urologists during the annual general meeting and scientific conference.Results: Forty two respondents completed the questionnaire and comprised of 41 (97.6%) males and 1 (2.4%) female. There were 24 (57.1%) consultants, senior registrars and others 4 (9.6%). Thirty three (78.6%) of the respondents had practised for less than 10 years. Region of practice in Nigeria were 13 (31%) in South-west, 5 (11.9%) in South-East, 3 (7.1%) in South -South, 9 (21.4%) in North-West, 10 (23.8%) in North-central and 2 (4.8%) in North-East. Annual volume of urethroplasty was less than 10 in 19 (45.2%) and only 3 (7.1%) performed more than 30 urethroplasties. Place of practice was mainly in the University Teaching Hospital 33 (78.6%). Oral mucosa grafts (OMGs) used either alone or in combination with penile flaps was used by 30 (71.4%) respondents while 11 (26.2%) used only penile skin flaps. Up to 10 (23.8%) of the respondents indicated desire to undergo training on the use of OMG for urethral reconstruction.Conclusions: Use of OMG is accepted by Nigerian urologists, however application is limited by low annual urethroplasty volume and lack of training.

Part VI. The Cyclopean Terrace Building and the Deposit of Pottery beneath It

1954 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 267-291
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Contour Line ◽  
The South ◽  
Main Road ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West

The Cyclopean Terrace Building lies to the north-west of the Lion Gate on the northern end of the Panagia Ridge and faces almost due west across the valley of the Kephissos and modern main road from Corinth to Argos. It lies just below the 200 m. contour line, and one terrace below the houses excavated in 1950–51 by Dr. Papadimitriou and Mr. Petsas to the east at the same end of the ridge. The area contains a complex of buildings, both successive and contemporary, and in view of the discovery of structures both to the south-west and, by the Greek Archaeological Service, to the north-east it is likely that this whole slope was covered by a portion of the outer town of Mycenae. This report will deal only with the structure to which the name Cyclopean Terrace Building was originally given, the so-called ‘North Megaron’, supported by the heavy main terrace wall.The excavation of this structure was begun in 1923. The main terrace wall was cleared and two L.H. IIIC burials discovered in the top of the fill in the south room. In 1950 it was decided to attempt to clear this building entirely in an endeavour to find out its date and purpose. The clearing was not, however, substantially completed until the close of the 1953 excavation season, and this report presents the available evidence for the date as determined by the pottery found beneath the building; the purpose is still a matter for study, though various tentative conclusions can be put forward.

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