scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. Seedlings Under Cadmium (Cd) Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Juelan Guan ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Hongling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Protective Enzyme

Abstract The effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. were studied in pot experiments. Five Cd levels were tested (CT: 0 mg/kg, Cd5: 5 mg/kg, Cd20: 20 mg/kg, Cd50: 50 mg/kg, and Cd100: 100 mg/kg). The growth and physiological characteristics of the sassafras seedlings in each level were measured. The results showed that soil Cd had negative influences on sassafras growth and reduced the net growth of plant height and the biomass of leaf, branch and root. The contents of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased with increasing cadmium concentration; this indicated that cadmium stress had a certain effect on the peroxidation of the inner cell membranes in the seedlings that resulted in damage to the cell membrane structure. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in treatments Cd50 and Cd100 compared to that in the other treatments, while peroxidase activity increased steadily with increasing cadmium concentration; these results suggest that peroxidase is likely the main protective enzyme involved in the reactive oxygen removal system in sassafras seedlings. The increase in proline content with increasing cadmium concentration indicated that cadmium stress induced proline synthesis to resist osmotic stress in the seedlings. Compared to that in CT, the soluble sugar content declined under the different treatments. The soluble protein content first increased and then decreased with increasing cadmium stress. At different levels of cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content in the seedlings first increased and then decreased, and it was higher in the Cd5 and Cd20 treatments than that in the CT treatment. These results reflect that cadmium has photosynthesis-promoting effects at low concentrations and photosynthesis-suppressing effects at high concentrations. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic light-response parameters showed downward trends with increasing cadmium concentration compared with those in CT; these results reflect the negative effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in sassafras seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of sassafras seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Juelan Guan ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Hongling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

AbstractThe effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. were studied in pot experiments. Five Cd levels were tested [CT(Control Treatment) : 0 mg/kg, Cd5: 5 mg/kg, Cd20: 20 mg/kg, Cd50: 50 mg/kg, and Cd100: 100 mg/kg]. The growth and physiological characteristics of the sassafras seedlings in each level were measured. The results showed that soil Cd had negative influences on sassafras growth and reduced the net growth of plant height and the biomass of leaf, branch and root. Significant reductions were recorded in root biomass by 18.18%(Cd5), 27.35%(Cd20), 27.57%(Cd50) and 28.95%(Cd100). The contents of hydrogen peroxide decreased first then increased while malondialdehyde showed the opposite trend with increasing cadmium concentration. Decreases were found in hydrogen peroxide contents by 10.96%(Cd5), 11.82%(Cd20) and 7.02%(Cd50); increases were found in malondialdehyde contents by 15.47%(Cd5), 16.07%(Cd20) and 7.85%(Cd50), indicating that cadmium stress had a certain effect on the peroxidation of the inner cell membranes in the seedlings that resulted in damage to the cell membrane structure. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased among treatments by 17.05%(Cd5), 10,68%(Cd20), 20.85%(Cd50) and 8.91%(Cd100), while peroxidase activity increased steadily with increasing cadmium concentration; these results suggest that peroxidase is likely the main protective enzyme involved in the reactive oxygen removal system in sassafras seedlings. Upward trends were observed in proline content by 90.76%(Cd5), 74.36%(Cd20), 99.73%(Cd50) and 126.01%(Cd100). The increase in proline content with increasing cadmium concentration indicated that cadmium stress induced proline synthesis to resist osmotic stress in the seedlings. Compared to that in CT, the soluble sugar content declined under the different treatments by 32.84%(Cd5), 5.85%(Cd20), 25.55%(Cd50) and 38.69%(Cd100). Increases were observed in the soluble protein content by 2.34%(Cd5), 21.36%(Cd20), 53.15%(Cd50) and 24.22%(Cd100). At different levels of cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content in the seedlings first increased and then decreased, and it was higher in the Cd5 and Cd20 treatments than that in the CT treatment. These results reflected that cadmium had photosynthesis-promoting effects at low concentrations and photosynthesis-suppressing effects at high concentrations. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic light-response parameters showed downward trends with increasing cadmium concentration compared with those in CT; these results reflected the negative effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in sassafras seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of storage temperature on the physiological characteristics and vegetative propagation of desiccation-tolerant mosses

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuewei Guo ◽  
Yunge Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Moss Crusts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mda Content

Abstract. Mosses, as major components of later successional biological soil crusts (biocrusts), play many critical roles in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Recently, some species of desiccation-tolerant mosses have been artificially cultured with the aim of accelerating the recovery of biocrusts. Revealing the factors that influence the vegetative propagation of mosses, which is an important reproductive mode of mosses in dry habitats, will benefit the restoration of moss crusts. In this study, three air-dried desiccation-tolerant mosses (Barbula unguiculata, Didymodon vinealis, and Didymodon tectorum) were hermetically sealed and stored at five temperature levels (0, 4, 17, 25, and 30 °C) for 40 days. Then, the vegetative propagation and physiological characteristics of the three mosses were investigated to determine the influence of storage temperature on the vegetative propagation of desiccation-tolerant mosses and the mechanism. The results showed that the vegetative propagation of the three mosses varied with temperature. The most variation in vegetative propagation among storage temperatures was observed in D. tectorum, followed by the variation observed in B. unguiculata. In contrast, no significant difference in propagation among temperatures was found in D. vinealis. The regenerative capacity of the three mosses increased with increasing temperature from 0 to 17 °C, accompanied by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreased thereafter. As the temperature increased, the chlorophyll and soluble protein contents increased in B. unguiculata but decreased in D. vinealis and D. tectorum. As to storage, the MDA and soluble sugar contents increased after storage. The MDA content of the three mosses increased at each of the investigated temperatures by more than 50 % from the initial values, and the soluble sugar content became higher than before in the three mosses. The integrity of cells and cell membranes is likely the most important factor influencing the vegetative propagation of desiccation-tolerant mosses. A 40-day storage period caused cell injury. Our results suggest that storage temperature can enhance or suppress such injury and change the regenerative capacity of the three mosses. The data indicate that the suitable storage temperature is 4 °C for B. unguiculata and 17 °C for both D. vinealis and D. tectorum.

scholarly journals Physiological response and transcriptome analysis of Prunus mume to early salt stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujun Wang ◽  
Zhenqi Song ◽  
Yujing Ti ◽  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Qingwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Prunus Mume ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

AbstractSoil salinisation is an important factor limiting the cultivation and distribution of Prunus mume. Therefore, identifying the regulation mechanism of salt tolerance of P. mume will promote its cultivation and molecular breeding. In this study, the garden tree species P. mume ‘Meiren’ was investigated, with a soil NaCl content (w/w) of 0.3%. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde, osmoregulation substances, and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured in the early (3d), middle (10d), and late (30d) stages of stress. Salt treatment was applied for 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h; following this, the gene library was constructed from the leaves. The results showed that the CBL-CIPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and abscisic acid signalling pathways were involved in salt stress signal transduction of P. mume. Furthermore, bHLH, WRPK, ERF, and MYB were identified as potential key transcription factor families of salt tolerance in P. mume. Combined with determined physiological responses, the results showed that early salt stress inhibited the activities of RuBisCO, chlorophyll synthase, glutamyl tRNA reductase, divinyl reductase, and magnesium chelatase; resultantly, this led to a reduction in the photosynthetic rate. Also, it was found that P5CS, SS, LEA, and dehydrin regulated the synthesis of proline, soluble sugar, and macromolecular protein to alleviate osmotic stress. POD gene plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species due to its regulation of POD activity. The findings of this research reveal the internal mechanism of the physiological response and provide a foundation for the construction of a genetic regulatory network in response to salt stress in P. mume.

Physiological response of maize and soybean to partial root-zone drying irrigation under N fertilization levels

2018 ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Liu, F. Song, S. Liu ◽  
Fulai Liu, Xiancan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
N Level ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

Water stress induces physiological changes in plants, and partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRD) is a water-saving irrigation strategy that can regulate plant physiological responses. This study was to investigate the physiological responses of maize and soybean to PRD and deficit irrigation (DI) under two N-fertilization levels. Plants were grown in a split-root pot culture and were exposed to three irrigation treatments, including full irrigation (FI), DI and PRD, at two fertilization levels (2 and 3 g Pot-1 N). We found that PRD and DI significantly decreased the biomass of two plant species and PRD inhibited less dry mass than DI. Water stress resulted in a higher leaf malondialdehyde content in the leaves of maize and soybean at two fertilization levels, with a smaller increment of PRD than DI. PRD had higher proline content in maize at high N fertilization and in soybean at normal N level than DI. Soluble sugar and protein contents of maize and soybean were higher under PRD than DI at two N levels, except soluble protein content of soybean at normal N level. PRD reduced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of maize and soybean. Moreover, soluble sugar content and APX activity of maize and soybean and proline and protein contents of maize were significantly affected by N treatments. These results indicate that PRD could alleviate the negative effects induced by water stress on maize and soybean through regulation of physiological parameters.

Effects of Soda Saline-Alkali Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Rice in Different Concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1225-1229
Author(s):  
Ming Xia Zhu ◽  
Feng Jin ◽  
Xi Wen Shao ◽  
Xian Ying Gao ◽  
Yan Qiu Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Reference Index

Taking Changbai 9 and Changbai 22 as experiment material, using pot experiment, to study of different concentration effect of saline alkali stress on physiological characteristics of rice in different growth periods. The results showed that, effect of saline alkali stress on the physiological characteristics of the same rice variety and soil characteristics of different resistant rice varieties are different. Weak salt resistance of Changbai 22 of chlorophyll , soluble sugar and MDA of salt stress more sensitive than saline resistance strong of Changbai 9,and the change trend of the physiological indexes of two cultivars under saline alkali stress is consistent, with the increasing concentration of salt stress, leaf chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content firstly increased and then decreased,while the MDA concentration showed an increasing trend. At the same time with the increase of salt stress concentration, accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves of Changbai 9 increased even more than Changbai 22,indicating the Changbai 9 may be mainly through the accumulation of soluble sugar to alleviate the toxic effects of osmotic stress. This study can be used as an important reference index for soda saline alkali soil rice planting, soil improvement and comprehensive utilization.

scholarly journals Stomatal and Photosynthetic Traits Are Associated with Investigating Sodium Chloride Tolerance of Brassica napus L. Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Nesma Shalby ◽  
Chenyang Bai ◽  
Meng Qin ◽  
Ramadan A. Agami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

The negative effects of salt stress vary among different rapeseed cultivars. In this study, we investigated the sodium chloride tolerance among 10 rapeseed cultivars based on membership function values (MFV) and Euclidean cluster analyses by exposing seedlings to 0, 100, or 200 mM NaCl. The NaCl toxicity significantly reduced growth, biomass, endogenous K+ levels, relative water content and increased electrolyte leakage, soluble sugar levels, proline levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. SPAD values were highly variable among rapeseed cultivars. We identified three divergent (tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive) groups. We found that Hua6919 and Yunyoushuang2 were the most salt-tolerant cultivars and that Zhongshuang11 and Yangyou9 were the most salt-sensitive cultivars. The rapeseed cultivars were further subjected to photosynthetic gas exchange and anatomical trait analyses. Among the photosynthetic gas exchange and anatomical traits, the stomatal aperture was the most highly correlated with salinity tolerance in rapeseed cultivars and thus, is important for future studies that aim to improve salinity tolerance in rapeseed. Thus, we identified and characterized two salt-tolerant cultivars that will be useful for breeding programs that aim to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed.

scholarly journals Foliar application of polyamines improve some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Yousefi ◽  
Zohreh Jabbarzadeh ◽  
Jafar Amiri ◽  
MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani ◽  
Ali Shaygan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Area And Thickness ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract Objective This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spray of polyamines on some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose. Materials and methods Experimental variants involved the type (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and concentration (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM) of polyamines. In this research, the plant height, number of leaves and shoots, leaf area and thickness, fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem, the content of anthocyanin, soluble sugar, phenol and antioxidant capacity were measured 2 weeks after the end of experiment. Results Results indicated that among all polyamine types, putrescine has the highest effect on the morphological characteristics. Among different concentrations of polyamines, the concentration of 1 mM resulted in the highest increase in shoot fresh and dry weight. Putrescine application at 2 mM and 4 mM concentrations increased soluble sugar content. In the present study, polyamine treatment reduced the content of anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant capacity. Conclusions It can be cocluded that application of polyamines improved some morphological and physiological traits in various ways.

scholarly journals Effects of storage temperature on physiological characteristics and vegetative propagation of desiccation-tolerant mosses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuewei Guo ◽  
Yunge Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Moss Crusts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Mosses, as major components of later successional biological soil crusts (biocrusts), play many critical roles in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Recently, some species of desiccation-tolerant mosses have been artificially cultured to speed up the recovery of biocrusts. Revealing the influencing factors on the vegetative propagation of mosses will benefit the restoration of moss crusts, which is an important reproductive mode of mosses in arid and semi-arid region. In this study, three desiccation-tolerant mosses (Barbula unguiculata, Didymodon vinealis and Didymodon tectorum) were stored at five temperature gradients (0 °C, 4 °C, 17 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) for 40 days. Then vegetative propagation and physiological characteristics of the three mosses were investigated to determine the influence of storage temperature on vegetative propagation of desiccation-tolerant mosses and its mechanism. The results showed that vegetative propagation of the three mosses varied with temperature, and the most significant change was observed in D. tectorum after storage at different temperatures. Conversely, no significant difference was found in D. vinealis. Only germination percentage of B. unguiculata was not significantly different at all storage temperatures. The enhancement in regenerative capacity of the three mosses was accompanied by an increased temperature from 0 °C to 17 °C and a decrease beyond that. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the three mosses was increased by more than 50 % at all of the investigated temperatures, meanwhile, soluble sugar content increased in the three mosses. However, a decrease trend was observed in MDA content from 0 to 17 °C. As the temperature increased, the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein in B. unguiculata increased, while decreased in D. vinealis and D. tectorum. The integrity of cell and its membrane probably is the important influencing factor on the vegetative propagation of desiccation-tolerant mosses. Although a 40-day storage period caused cell injury, our results suggested that storage temperature could enhance or suppress such injury and change vegetative propagation capacity of the three mosses. It could be concluded that the suitable storage temperature of B. unguiculata was 4 °C and the optimal temperature was 17 °C for D. vinealis and D. tectorum.

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