scholarly journals Transglutaminase Effect on the Gelatin-Films Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizete Baggio ◽  
Bianca Santinon Scopel ◽  
Marieli Rosseto ◽  
Aline Dettmer ◽  
Camila Baldasso
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Degradation Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: The development of biodegradable materials, especially those from renewable sources, is important to reduce the impact of plastic waste on the environment. On the other hand, protein-based films have high solubility in water, in addition to limited mechanical properties, which makes their application in high humidity environments a challenge. The enzyme transglutaminase (TGase) can reduce the interaction of gelatin films with water, improving these properties, while improving the mechanical properties. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best condition for using the TGase enzyme, through variations in the gelatin and enzyme mass, in addition to the time that the enzyme acts on the gelatin, evaluating the properties tensile strength, elongation, and solubility in water. In a second set of experiments gelatin amount was kept fixed at 4%, and other proportions of an enzyme (1% and 5% w/w gelatin) were studied, evaluating beyond these properties the degradation in simulated soil through thermogravimetry analysis and Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR).RESULTS: It was concluded that the higher concentration of TGase (5%) promoted a greater reduction in the solubility of the films, making the films more resistant to biodegradation, facilitating their application due to the increase in their useful life.CONCLUSION: At the end of the degradation test, it was noticed that the films were degraded, presenting the potential for substitution of polymers of fossil origin, which could be an alternative to the problem of polymeric residues in the environment.

The Comparison of the Loess Mechanical Properties under Plane Strain and Conventional Triaxial Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 791-794
Author(s):  
Lin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strain Condition ◽  
Plane Strain Problem ◽  
Plain Strain ◽  
The Impact

Plane strain problem is currently prevalent in the loess engineering. However, this problem still using conventional triaxial test method for processing. So the paper conducted the plain strain test, analyze differences in plane strain experiments with conventional triaxial experiments under different moisture content and confining pressure. Research shows two points, the first one is the impact on the strength of the soil is more under moisture content than confining pressure, the other is that the soil strength under the plane strain condition is significantly greater than conventional triaxial conditions. It shows that the results were conservative under the plane strain problem at past. It played a certain role in guiding the engineering.

Properties of Hard Rubber. XI. Experiments on Aging

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Church ◽  
H. A. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Plastic Yield ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Tests have been carried out to find how the mechanical properties of hard rubber change with age. On prolonged exposure of the whole specimen to air at 70° C, the impact strength of notched and unnotched test-pieces may fall by 50 per cent or more. On the other hand, the plastic yield temperature increases appreciably with 200 days' exposure. The conditions affecting the improvement in such an important property are worthy of further serious study. When certain faces of the specimen are protected from the air, the rapid loss of impact strength does not take place, and cross-breaking strength may remain unimpaired for as long as 200 days. The deterioration on aging appears to be confined within a very short distance of the surface, the bulk of the material retaining its full strength for very long periods. The retention of strength when certain faces are protected may have an important bearing on questions of design. Examination of old samples of hard rubber shows that the mechanical properties remain good under ordinary conditions of storage for periods of 20–30 years, but that weakness may be caused at surfaces which are severely exposed to sunlight.

Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6 (Pa6) / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva) / Sepiolite Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Tiqah Mohamad Fauzi ◽  
Zurina Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sepiolite concentration (2-10 phr) on the mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) / ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blend at the ratio 80/20. Twin screw extruder and injection moulding machine were used to prepare the samples. The strength and modulus of flexural was increased until 6 phr of sepiolite content. On the other hand, the impact strength of PA6/EVA/sepiolite composite was decreased gradually as sepiolite content increased.

Effect of ABS/PMMA/EMA ternary blending sequence on mechanical properties and surface glossiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ding ◽  
Zhen Ming Yue ◽  
Jiao Sun ◽  
Ji Cui Zhou ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Blending Sequence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS)/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)/ethylene methacrylate (EMA) composites were prepared with different blending sequences. All ABS/PMMA/EMA copolymers were designed to achieve the same total chemical composition, in which ABS/PMMA was equal to 80/20 and EMA was fixed at 6 wt%. The effects of different blending sequences on the mechanical and optical properties of ABS/PMMA/EMA blends were investigated. Results indicated that the tensile strengths of ABS/PMMA/EMA blends with different blending sequences were slightly affected, whereas the Izod impact strength of blends significantly varied. The impact toughness of the blends, in which PMMA/EMA was initially blended and then combined with ABS, was approximately twice that of the other blends. This blending sequence also had surface glossiness that was superior to those of the other blends. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy further revealed that blending sequence influenced the phase miscibility and dispersion of the blends, which led to different mechanical and optical properties.

The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Aniek Setiya Budiatin ◽  
Maria Apriliani Gani ◽  
Chrismawan Ardianto ◽  
Samirah ◽  
Sahrati Yudiaprijah Daeng Pattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Degradation Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Biomaterials are widely used as drug delivery systems targeting bone tissue, such as to treat bone infectious disease. However, the addition of drugs to biomaterials weakens their mechanical properties. Crosslinkers are compounds that improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials. This study aims to determine the effect of glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a crosslinker on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-based bone scaffold with gentamicin as antibiotics (BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA). Methods BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA scaffold with GTA solid content ranging from 0.1 to 1.4 wt% was made by direct compression. The compressive strength test was carried out using autograph. Scaffold degradation test was carried out by dissolving the scaffolds in PBS. Scaffold toxicity was performed by MTT assay using BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Results There was a significant difference in the scaffolds’ compressive strength due to differences in GTA volume. Scaffold crosslinked using GTA with solid content 0.1 and 0.2 wt% in 2 mL solution had higher compressive strength than those in 1 mL solution. Furthermore, GTA with solid content 0.6, 1, 1.2, and 1.4 wt% showed higher compressive strength than those without GTA. Degradation test results showed that GTA increased the percentage of weight loss and swelling of the scaffold. The scaffold exhibited a nontoxic profile in MTT assay. Conclusions GTA with optimum solid content shows great compressive strength, stable swelling profile with low percentage of scaffold’s weight loss, and is considered as nontoxic.

scholarly journals Will the amendments to the IAS 16 and IAS 41 influence the value of biological assets?

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohusova Hana ◽  
Svoboda Patrik
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Source ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the impact of the new amendments to the IAS 16 and IAS 41 – Agriculture: Bearer Plants on the financial reporting in agriculture. The paper is based on the comparison of the current treatments for biological assets in a form of bearer plants measurement using the IFRS13 methodology and the treatments of the amendments to the IAS 16 and IAS 41. Statistical data regarding the selected bearer plant were used for the quantification. The orchard of fruit trees was considered as a suitable representative of bearer plants. As it is clear from the results of the research, the measurement at fair value using the DCF method is based on the estimation which requires a relatively large source of input data for this estimation over the useful life of bearer plants. On the other hand, the effect on the value of the assets could be controversial and the effect on the profit or loss during the useful life could be volatile. Although the objective of the fair value measurement is to achieve a true and fair view, in this case, the fulfilment of this objective is at least controversial, since the biological assets in the form of bearer plants cannot be separately traded.

scholarly journals Influence of Sawdust Particle Sizes on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unfired Clay Blocks

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jannat ◽  
Rafal Latif Al-Mufti ◽  
Aseel Hussien ◽  
Badr Abdullah ◽  
Alison Cotgrave
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Capillary Water Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Sawdust, which is a waste/by-product of the wood/timber industry, can be utilised as a valuable raw material in building material production due to its abundance and low cost. However, the application of sawdust in the manufacture of unfired clay blocks has received little investigation. Furthermore, the impact of different sawdust particle sizes on the properties of unfired clay blocks has not been studied. Therefore, this study screened sawdust at three different particle sizes: SP-a (212 μm < x < 300 μm), SP-b (425 μm < x < 600 μm) and SP-c (1.18 mm < x < 2.00 mm), to examine their effects on the physical and mechanical properties of unfired clay blocks. The density, linear shrinkage, capillary water absorption and flexural and compressive strengths were among the tests performed. Different sawdust percentages, i.e., 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of the total weight of the clay, were considered. The tests results show that when sawdust was added to the mixture, the density of the samples reduced for all particle sizes. However, the linear shrinkage increased in SP-a samples but decreased in the other two particle size samples as the sawdust percentage increased from 2.5% to 10%. On the other hand, the capillary water absorption coefficient increased while the strength decreased with increasing sawdust content for all three groups. The highest compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were achieved at 2.5% of sawdust content. Furthermore, it was observed that SP-b (CS—4.74 MPa, FS—2.00 MPa) samples showed the highest strength followed by SP-a (CS—4.09 MPa, FS—1.69 MPa) and SP-c (CS—3.90 MPa, FS—1.63 MPa) samples. Consequently, good-quality unfired clay blocks can be manufactured using sawdust up to 2.5% with particle sizes ranging between 600 and 425 μm.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Assessment of PLA-SEBS and PLA-SEBS-CNT Biopolymer Blends for 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6218
Author(s):  
Balázs Ádám ◽  
Zoltán Weltsch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Partial Fracture ◽  
The Impact

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biopolymers often used as a raw material in 3D printing in many industrial areas. It has good mechanical properties, is characterized by high strength and stiffness, but unfortunately, it has some disadvantages; one is brittleness, and the other is slow crystallization. Amounts of 1–5% SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) thermoplastic elastomer were blended into the PLA and the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) measurements on the filaments have shown that SEBS increases the initial temperature of crystallization, thereby acting as a nucleating agent. The cooling rate of 3D printing, on the other hand, is too fast for PLA, so printed specimens behave almost amorphously. The presence of SEBS increases the impact strength, neck formation appears during the tensile test, and in the bending test, the mixture either suffers partial fracture or only bends without fracture. Samples containing 1% SEBS were selected for further analysis, mixed with 0.06 and 0.1% carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and tested for thermal and mechanical properties. As a result of CNTs, another peak appeared on the DSC curve in addition to the original single-peak crystallization, and the specimens previously completely broken in the mechanical tests suffered partial fractures, and the partially fractured pieces almost completely regained their original shape at the end of the test.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of the Mechanical Properties of Four Varieties of Brine Pickles Using Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pentoś ◽  
Dagmara Migut ◽  
Natalia Matłok ◽  
Józef Gorzelany
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Length Fraction ◽  
Size Type ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Puncture Strength ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe study assesses the impact of selected fruit properties and the souring process parameters on the mechanical properties of four varieties of field cucumbers (Śremianin, Śremski, Polan and Izyd) harvested from 2014 to 2016. The analyses focused on the changes in the values of the puncture strength parameters of the peel and the mesocarp, the deformation from the moment of puncture and the energy needed to puncture the peel and the mesocarp of the selected cucumber varieties relative to the year of harvest, fruit size, type of brine, puncture location and souring time. Neural networks were used to model the relationships studied. Sensitivity analysis of the obtained models showed that the length fraction had the greatest impact on the puncture strength and the energy needed to puncture the peel and the mesocarp. On the other hand, deformation was most affected by the souring time and the brine composition.

Mechanical Properties and Bio-Corrosion Properties of CaO added ZM21 alloys as Biodegradable Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 949-956
Author(s):  
Hyunkyu Lim ◽  
Wonseok Yang ◽  
Young-Gil Jung ◽  
Shae K. Kim ◽  
Do-Hyang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Corrosion Properties
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