scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Knowledge and Status of Adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluke Adenike Olatona ◽  
Precious Ifeoma Ogide ◽  
Ebunoluwa Temiloluwa Abikoye ◽  
Oluwafemi Temitayo Ilesanmi ◽  
Kelechi Ebere Nnoaham
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, such as Nigeria, are at increased risk of under-nutrition and overnutrition. This study assessed this risk by examining the dietary patterns, nutritional knowledge and status of adolescents in Lagos state of Nigeria.Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study in which six hundred and eighty-two (682) adolescents were selected from their communities using multistage sampling technique. Nutritional knowledge and dietary patterns were ascertained using structured, self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were taken to determine nutritional status. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info version 7.2.3.1 computer software. Chi-square was used to test for association between categorical variables and p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. WHO Anthro-Plus was used to evaluate nutritional status.Results The mean age of the adolescents was 13.6±2.3 years. Only 12.0% of them had good level of nutritional knowledge with the males having significantly higher levels. Dietary pattern and diversity were poor with the majority consuming refined cereals (73.5%), salty snacks/high fat foods (69.6%) and carbonated soft drinks (46.8%) while only 9.7% took adequate amount of fruits and vegetables daily. Prevalence of undernutrition was 5.4% while that of overweight and obesity were 10.7% and 5.3% respectively. More females were obese compared with the males. Sex, age, educational status, source of information, daily consumption of snacks, infrequent intake of fruits and vegetables, nutritional knowledge, food habits and dietary diversity were statistically significantly associated with nutritional status of adolescents in the positive direction (p≤0.05).Conclusions Nutritional knowledge and dietary patterns were poor while overweight and obesity are higher than previously reported in the region; especially among the females. Adolescent nutrition intervention programmes addressing weight control especially among females is needed in Lagos.

scholarly journals Factors associated with nutritional status, knowledge and attitudes among tuberculosis patients receiving treatment in Ghana: A cross-sectional study in the Tema Metropolis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258033
Author(s):  
Prince Kubi Appiah ◽  
Bright Osei ◽  
Hubert Amu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Nutritional deficiencies are generally associated with increased risk and severity of tuberculosis. This study investigated the nutritional status, knowledge, and attitudes of tuberculosis (TB) patients receiving treatment in the Tema Metropolis. Method A cross-sectional design was used to collect data on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and status of TB patients. Nutritional status was analysed using World Health Organization’s formula for body mass index. Pearson’s chi-square and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between predictor and outcome variables. All statistical analyses were considered significant at p-values < 0.05. Result The prevalence of malnutrition among TB patients was 39.7%, 14.4%, and 4.8% for underweight, overweight, and obesity respectively. There was a high (61.0%) knowledge of nutrition among the patients. Also, 65.8% had good attitude towards nutrition. There were significant associations between normal nutritional status and age of the TB patients (p = 0.041), highest educational level attained (p = 0.036), employment status (p = 0.019), status of alcohol intake (p = 0.031), number of months on TB treatment (p = 0.021), and attitude towards nutrition (p = 0.028). Conclusion There was a reasonable nutrition-related knowledge and attitude towards nutrition among the TB patients. However, that did not reflect on their nutritional status. We recommend continuing education on smoking cessation, avoidance of harmful use of alcohol, and the establishment of food aid and other livelihood intervention programs for TB patients.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of the Elderly in Tshiulungoma and Maniini Village of Thulamela Municipality, Vhembe District.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
selekane motadi ◽  
Tshifhiwa Khorommbi ◽  
Lungile Maluleke
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Introduction: Dietary patterns provide a comprehensive information about the food consumption habits within a population. Dietary patterns of every individual changes as we grow older. Dietary pattern of elderly is essential to the evaluation of their nutritional status. This study aimed to describe the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the elderly. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving elderly people aged 60 years and above. Socio demographic information was obtained from elderly people through a questionnaire. Dietary information was assessed using a questionnaire and dietary diversity score. Data on dietary intake were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Height and weight were measured. BMI were determined and classified using BMI category. Results: A total of 300 elderly people had participated in the study, 150 from Maniini village and 150 from Tshiulungoma village. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 2%, 34% and 17% respectively. Most (66%) of the participants ate three meals per day. It was found that 13.7% of the elderly skipped breakfast every day. About 19.6% of elderly ate supper sometimes while 13.7% did not eat supper.Conclusion: The findings of study reveals that most of the participants ate three main meals a day, with minority skipping either breakfast or dinner or eat in- between meals. Obesity was more prevalent in female as compared to the male counterparts. Improving nutritional status of elderly should follow an integrated approach tackling both malnutrition at the same time considering behavioural approach.

scholarly journals A Western dietary pattern is associated with overweight and obesity in a national sample of Lebanese adolescents (13–19 years): a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Naja ◽  
Nahla Hwalla ◽  
Leila Itani ◽  
Sabine Karam ◽  
Abla Mehio Sibai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractAdolescent obesity is associated with both immediate and longer-term health implications. This study aims to identify dietary patterns among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years (n 446) and to assess the association of these patterns with overweight and obesity. Through face-to-face interviews, socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a sixty-one-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The following two dietary patterns were identified: Western and traditional Lebanese. The Western pattern was characterised by high consumption of red meat, eggs and fast-food sandwiches. The traditional Lebanese pattern reflected high intakes of fruits and vegetables, legumes and fish. Female sex and a higher maternal education level were associated with a greater adherence to the traditional Lebanese pattern. As for the Western pattern, the scores were negatively associated with crowding index, physical activity and frequency of breakfast consumption. After adjustment, subjects belonging to the 3rd tertile of the Western pattern scores had significantly higher odds of overweight compared with those belonging to the 1st tertile (OR 2·3; 95 % CI 1·12, 4·73). In conclusion, two distinct dietary patterns were identified among adolescents in Lebanon: the traditional Lebanese and the Western, with the latter pattern being associated with an increased risk of overweight. The findings of this study may be used to guide the development of evidence-based preventive nutrition interventions to curb the obesity epidemic in this age group.

Cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns with health status and smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among Bangladeshi adolescent smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvasish Das Shuvo ◽  
Md. Eunus Ali ◽  
Md. Masudur Rahman ◽  
Abu Taher ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the association between dietary patterns with health status and smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (s-KAP) among Bangladeshi adolescent smokers. Design/methodology/approach An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 randomly selected adolescents. Socio-demographic, health status, s-KAP related data were collected in face-to-face interviews. Dietary intake data were calculated using the food frequency questionnaire. Findings The practices score (44.8%) was comparatively poor among adolescent smokers. Among the respondents, around 56.1%, 38.1% and 49.3% were suffering from gastric problems, nausea and the loss of appetite, respectively, because of smoking. There was a significant relationship between dietary diversity and the occurrence of several diseases such as gastric problems, nausea and loss of appetite. The respondents who consumed fresh fruits and vegetables regularly might reduce gastric problems (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.27–1.04 and OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.25–1.65), nausea (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.38–1.37 and OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13–0.84) and loss of appetite (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32–1.21 and OR: 0.16 95% CI: 0.27–0.68). Originality/value In conclusion, smoking has been associated with multiple health problems because of poor practices score. Consumption of a balanced diet, better smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices needs to be improved among adolescents.

Nutritional value and health benefits of horticulture.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bodily Function ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Daily consumption of fruit and vegetables is encouraged as important for human health and nutrition because the vitamins, minerals, essential micronutrients, fibre, vegetable proteins and bio-functional components they provide are crucial for bodily function. The FAO/WHO expert consultation (2004) on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases recommended a daily intake of 400 g (five portions) of fruits and vegetables (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers) to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity. However, despite this recognition, world-wide per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables is estimated to be 20-50% short of the minimum recommended level. In 2013 an estimated 5.2 million deaths worldwide were attributable to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Adhering to the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake can prevent morbidity and mortality caused by micronutrient deficiencies, birth defects, mental and physical retardation, weakened immune systems, blindness and even death. Improving the dietary diversity through horticulture-based food intake is an effective and sustainable approach to combating micronutrient malnutrition in both developed and developing countries (Kennedy et al., 2003).

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Trend in Mexican Adolescent Population from 2006 to 2018, by Area of Residence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 566-566
Author(s):  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Elsa Gaona-Pineda ◽  
Edith Kim-Herrera ◽  
Andrys Valdez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Adolescent Population

Abstract Objectives To analyze the dietary patterns trend in Mexican adolescent population from 2006 to 2018 by area of residence. Methods We analyzed information from four National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico from 2006 to 2018. Dietary information was collected using a validated seven-day, semi-quantitative Food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the consumption of different food groups: 1) Fruits and vegetables (g), 2) Red meat (consumption yes or not), 3) animal products (kcal), 4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (kcal), and ultra-processed foods (kcal), according to NOVA classification. We estimated the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), which was constructed based on 10 food groups consumed: 1) grains, roots, and tubers; 2) pulses; 3) nuts and seeds; 4) dairy; 5) meat, poultry and fish; 6) eggs; 7) dark green leafy vegetables; 8) other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; 9) other vegetables; 10) other fruits. Food groups were assigned to 1 if any food item within the group was consumed, otherwise 0. We estimated the proportion of population with consumption of ≥ 400 g of fruits and vegetables/d, with ≥ 5 food groups (Minimum DDS) and percentage of consumers of red meat, and the contribution to the total energy of SSB, ultra-processed food and animal products (energy percentage). Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of sampled individuals such as sex, age, area and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained. The country was divided into urban and rural areas (≥2500 or &lt; 2500 inhabitants, respectively). We used linear and logistic regression models to continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We analyzed difference by area. Results The percentage of population of Minimum DDS was lower in rural when compared with urban area by every year of survey (P &lt; 0.05). The contribution of energy percentage from ultra-processed foods and animal products was lower in rural area than urban area (P &lt; 0.05). The SSB contribution was similar in both areas. Conclusions Current findings show that the area of residence was associated with variations in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and red meat in Mexican adolescents. Consequently, interventions should focus on increasing healthy eating habits in this population, taking into account when designing preventive strategies the area of residence. Funding Sources Mexican Ministry of Health.

Review of the importance of nutrition during the first 1000 days: maternal nutritional status and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and infant outcomes among African women

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Wrottesley ◽  
C. Lamper ◽  
P. T. Pisa
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Maternal nutritional status (MNS) is a strong predictor of growth and development in the first 1000 days of life and may influence susceptibility to non-communicable diseases in adulthood. However, the role of nutrition during this window of developmental plasticity in Africa is unclear. This paper reviews published data to address whether maternal nutrition during the first 1000 days is important for Africa, with a focus on MNS and its associations with fetal growth and birth, neonatal and infant outcomes. A systematic approach was used to search the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciSearch and Cochrane Library. In all, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria for the specific objectives. MNS in Africa showed features typical of the epidemiological transition: higher prevalences of maternal overweight and obesity and lower underweight, poor diet quality 1 and high anaemia prevalence. Maternal body mass index and greater gestational weight gain (GWG) were positively associated with birth weight; however, maternal overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of macrosomia and intrauterine growth restriction. Maternal anaemia was associated with lower birth weight. Macro- and micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy were associated with improvements in GWG, birth weight and mortality risk. Data suggest poor MNS in Africa and confirms the importance of the first 1000 days as a critical period for nutritional intervention to improve growth, birth outcomes and potential future health risk. However, there is a lack of data beyond birth and a need for longitudinal data through infancy to 2 years of age.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary flaxseed on cardiac arrhythmias and claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-561
Author(s):  
Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva ◽  
Ayelen Rodriguez-Portelles ◽  
Wendy Weighell ◽  
Randolph Guzman ◽  
Thane G. Maddaford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Double Blinded

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, and higher susceptibility for cardiac arrhythmias may be involved. The objectives of this double-blinded randomized controlled FLAX-PAD trial were to determine whether daily consumption of a diet supplemented with 30 g of milled flaxseed (or placebo) over 1 year by PAD patients has effects on the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and exercise capacity. Cardiac arrhythmias were assessed on a cardiac stress test and at rest. At baseline, the PAD patients had a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (48% in the flaxseed group and 32% in the placebo group). After 1 year, the presence of cardiac arrhythmias in the flaxseed group decreased by 2% and increased by 12% in the placebo group (P > 0.05). Electrocardiographic variables (P, PR, QRS, QT, and QTc) did not change in either group during the trial. Patients from both groups improved initial and absolute claudication distances but the intergroup difference was also not statistically significant. In summary, the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and physical capacity trended in a positive direction for patients ingesting flaxseed but either a larger sample size or a longer intervention with flaxseed may be required to show statistically significant differences.

scholarly journals The trends in health behaviour of the first-year students from Kaunas universities, 2000 - 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Petkeviciene ◽  
V Kriaucioniene
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
First Year University

Abstract Background First-year university students are exposed to different factors affecting their lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the trends in health behaviour of first-year students from four Kaunas universities over 17 years. Methods The study was carried out in 2000, 2010 and 2017. In total, 689, 739 and 1062 randomly selected first-year students participated (response rates &gt;90%). During the lectures, participants filled in the anonymous questionnaire that included information on nutrition, physical activity, harmful habits, height, and weight. Results The reduction in daily smoking was observed: from 30.2% in 2000 to 18.4% in 2017 among males and from 21.1% to 15.9% among females, respectively. The proportion of male students drinking alcohol at least once a week declined from 62.7% in 2000 to 31.6% in 2017 and the proportion of females - from 41.5% to 27.3%, respectively. There was an increase in the proportion of students who have tried or are taking drugs: from 15.9% in 2000 to 27.8% in 2017 among males and from 4.8% to 18.8% among females, respectively. The changes in the nutrition habits of the students were observed: the proportion of students who consumed red meat every day decreased (up to 35.6% in 2017). In 2017, more students consumed cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables every day and fewer sweets, confectionery and soft drinks at least once a week than in 2000. There was a decline in meantime students spent sitting as well as in the average duration of the sleep. The proportion of students who take part in sports activities has increased by 17.1%. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 11.7% in 2000 to 23.7% in 2017 among males, and from 4.2% to 9.0% among females, respectively. Conclusions Over 17 years, most health behaviours of the first-year students have changed in a positive direction; however, some unhealthy habits are still common and the prevalence of overweight has increased. Key messages This study highlights the importance of implementing preventive programmes among students after starting university. Monitoring of changes in health behaviour of students helps timely respond to the challenges.

Dietary patterns and oesophageal cancer: a multi-country latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214882
Author(s):  
Michela Dalmartello ◽  
Jeroen Vermunt ◽  
Diego Serraino ◽  
Werner Garavello ◽  
Eva Negri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diet And Cancer ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThe considerable differences in food consumption across countries pose major challenges to the research on diet and cancer, due to the difficulty to generalise and reproduce the dietary patterns identified in a specific population.MethodsWe analysed data from a multicentric case-control study on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) carried out between 1992 and 2009 in three Italian areas and in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, which included 505 cases and 1259 hospital controls. Dietary patterns were derived applying LCA on 24 food groups, controlling for country membership, and non-alcoholic energy intake. A multiple logistic regression model was used to derive odds ratio (ORs) and corresponding 95% CIs for ESCC according to the dietary patterns identified, correcting for classification error.Results and ConclusionWe identified three dietary patterns. The ‘Prudent’ pattern was distinguished by a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. The ‘Western’ pattern was characterised by low consumption of these food groups and higher intakes of sugar. The ‘Lower consumers-combination pattern’ exhibited a diet poor in most of the nutrients, preferences for fish, potatoes, meat and a few specific types of vegetables. Differences between Italy and Switzerland emerged for pattern sizes and for specific single food preferences. Compared to the ‘Prudent’ pattern, the ‘Western’ and the ‘Lower consumers-combination’ patterns were associated with an increased risk of ESCC (OR=3.04, 95% CI=2.12–4.38 and OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.65–4.76).

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