scholarly journals Evolving Global and National Criteria for Identifying a Suspected Case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amporn atsawarungruangkit ◽  
Jin Yuan ◽  
Takamitsu Kodama ◽  
Ming-Tai Cheng ◽  
Mohammad Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
English Language ◽  
World Health ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and is spreading rapidly. Rapid and accurate identification of suspected cases is critical in suppressing viral spread. We aimed to highlight the discrepancies in the varying criteria used by international agencies and highly impacted individual countries worldwide.Methods: The criteria from two international agencies and ten countries across Asia, Europe, and North America were reviewed. Each included information on the clinical causes of illness and epidemiology risk factors. Non-English language guidelines were translated into English by one of the co-authors who was fluent in that language. Results: Although the majority of criteria are modified from the World Health Organization recommendations, the specific clinical features and epidemiological risks for triggering evaluation of COVID-19 in suspected patients differed widely among nations. The rationale for these differences may be linked to each individual country’s resources, politics, experience with previous outbreaks or pandemics, health insurance systems, severity of the COVID-19 situation, and other undetermined factors. Conclusion: There was no consensus on the single best criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Evolving global and national criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052093894
Author(s):  
Amporn Atsawarungruangkit ◽  
Jin Yuan ◽  
Takamitsu Kodama ◽  
Ming-Tai Cheng ◽  
Mohammad Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Health ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Health Insurance System ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and continues to spread worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of suspected cases is critical in slowing spread of the virus that causes the disease. We aimed to highlight discrepancies in the various criteria used by international agencies and highly impacted individual countries around the world. Methods We reviewed the criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19 used by two international public health agencies and 10 countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. The criteria included information on the clinical causes of illness and epidemiological risk factors. Non-English language guidelines were translated into English by a co-author who is fluent in that particular language. Results Although most criteria are modifications of World Health Organization recommendations, the specific clinical features and epidemiological risks for triggering evaluation of patients with suspected COVID-19 differed widely among countries. The rationale for these differences may be related to each country’s resources, politics, experience with previous outbreaks or pandemics, health insurance system, COVID-19 outbreak severity, and other undetermined factors. Conclusion We found no consensus regarding the best diagnostic criteria for identifying a suspected case of COVID-19.

Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

scholarly journals A review of post infectious pulmonary fibrosis in the era of COVID-19 and potential treatment options

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Medha Ghose ◽  
Maehali Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Infectious

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement characterizing COVID-19 as a pandemic that has, as of October 2020, caused almost 36 million confirmed global cases and over 1 million deaths. One of the long-term complications suggested by researchers is fibrosis. It has been hypothesized that the combination of ongoing pulmonary injury caused by COVID-19 and the inability to promptly repair damage results in interstitial matrix widening and eventual compression and destruction of alveoli and capillaries. Here we focus on pathogenesis, risk factors, different infectious causes of fibrosis along with COVID-19, and potential treatment options that might reduce its effects. Key words: COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, mechanism, treatment

scholarly journals PTSD Symptoms and Risk Factors During the COVID-19 Disease Pandemic in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3 Special Issue on COVID-19) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Javadi ◽  
◽  
Roya Marsa ◽  
Fahimeh Rahmani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, the Chinese government alerted the world to a dangerous virus that spread rapidly in communities. In fact, another acute respiratory syndrome occurred in Wuhan, China, and then spread rapidly to other parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to this virus as nCoV-2019, where n stands for “new” and CoV stands for “coronavirus”. In general, the virus (COVID-19) is similar to acute respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), but they are by no means identical

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in the Americas. Regional Report 2020

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Collection System ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

This regional report on the situation of tuberculosis (TB) in the Americas contains information from 2019, provided by the countries of the Region through the World Health Organization TB data collection system. These data have been consolidated and analyzed at the regional level. In addition to presenting the epidemiological and programmatic situation of TB in the Americas, the report aims to raise awareness and to motivate and encourage all stakeholders in the prevention and control of this disease, to accelerate efforts towards TB elimination in the Region, and to achieve the targets of the End TB Strategy. The report records the Region's achievements, but also the gaps in the work being carried out in diagnosis, treatment, comorbidities, vulnerable populations, risk factors, and funding, among other issues. Based on the information presented, specific recommendations are provided for further progress.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cardiovascular Complications Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Karla Valéria Batista Lima ◽  
Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes Ueno ◽  
Yan Correa Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Conceição Dias Garcez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

Cardiovascular Diseases represent the main cause of death in the world, and are associated with risk factors that cause serious complications in cases of infections, such as those of the respiratory tract. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic for SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus causing severe pneumonia, which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The objective is to investigate the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a systematic review, quantitative, in the databases, PubMed and Science direct, including primary studies with hospitalized patients confirmed for COVID-19 and who presented cardiovascular complications, the form used tools for evaluation of quality and evidence, following the PRISMA recommendations. Results: 12 studies were included. The occurrence of cardiovascular complications was: 27.35% of the sample of 3,316 patients. Types: Acute cardiac injury 17.09%; Thromboembolism 4.73%; Heart failure 3.43%; Arrhythmias 1.77%; stroke 0.33%. Mean age 61 years. Conclusions: This study showed that there are several cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2, that the main one is acute cardiac injury, which causes several instabilities in the cardiopulmonary system, and that it is associated with mortality.

The Public's Oral Health: The Gaps Between What we Know and What we Practice

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Year 2000

Health for All by the Year 2000 is a theme developed in 1979 by the World Health Organization. The theme includes oral health and is being promoted throughout the world. The advances in dental research make it possible to improve oral health and, concomitantly, general health. With the appropriate use of science-based, preventive regimens, dental caries and periodontal diseases can be prevented or controlled. Further, major risk factors for oral and lip cancer are known; thus, it is possible to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Available technologies, however, are useful only when they are used by appropriate user groups as recommended. The gaps between what is known about preventing oral diseases and what is practiced are often extensive. This presentation explores differences between scientific knowledge about risk factors for oral diseases and preventive regimens and procedures, public and professional knowledge and practices, and professional support for improved oral health through the application of primary preventive procedures, often referred to as "science transfer". Barriers to the adoption of preventive regimens and practices are discussed. Strategies using health education and health promotion for narrowing these gaps are presented.

scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 Illness on Pregnant Patients With Rheumatic Disease: Early Reassuring Data

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.211050
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Sammaritano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
Health Organization

As of September 20, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 228,206,384 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with over 4.5 million deaths worldwide.1 International responses by healthcare providers (HCPs), medical and pharmacologic researchers, and public health workers identified risk factors for serious illness and developed novel therapies and vaccines in real time, even as new variants emerge.

scholarly journals The effects of physical inactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
Ferhan Soyuer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
World Health ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
The World ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Health Organization

Physical inactivity constitutes the basis of diseases that reduce life duration and quality and rank first among the causes of death in the world. Worldwide, it has been determined that 23 % of adults aged 18 and over are not active enough. According to the World Health Organization, sedentary life is among the main risk factors for deaths from non-communicable diseases worldwide and causes approximately 3.2 million deaths per year. For this reason, the issue of reducing inactivity has gained importance in the world today. As a solution, it is thought that increasing physical activity requires not only individual but also community-specific, multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary and culturally appropriate approaches.

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