scholarly journals Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiota in urban and rural rats: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafig Gurbanov ◽  
Uygar Kabaoğlu ◽  
Tuba Yağci
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Mammals have a symbiotic relationship with various microorganisms called microbiota throughout their lives. These microorganisms are known to affect the host's physiology, health, and even mental balance. The development of the gut microbiota is regulated by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Herein, it is aimed to elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota of rats living in urban and rural habitats. All taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota of wild rats belonging to Rattus rattus species caught from urban and rural areas of Western Anatolian (Bilecik province) were examined comparatively by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing technique. Laboratory rats were used as a control group for comparison. Thus, 2000 different bacterial species were identified in gut microbiota. According to the Shannon and Simpsons values ​​calculated, laboratory rats showed the highest species diversity. When the similarities of microbiota profiles were compared with the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA), bacterial populations showed variability among different habitats. The comparison of species richness between the groups with the species rarefaction technique revealed higher species richness in all wild rats, especially in the rural habitat, compared to laboratory rats.

Metagenomic profiling of gut microbiota in urban and rural rats: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafig GURBANOV ◽  
Uygar KABAOĞLU ◽  
Tuba YAĞCI
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Wild Rats

Abstract Mammals have a symbiotic relationship with various microorganisms called microbiota throughout their lives. These microorganisms are known to affect the host's physiology, health, and even mental balance. In the harbor of the densest and most diverse microorganisms in mammals, the curved structure of the intestines and their rich nutrient content are effective. The development of the gut microbiota is regulated by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Herein, it is aimed to elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota of rats living in urban and rural habitats. All taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota of wild rats belonging to Rattus rattus species caught from urban and rural areas of Western Anatolian (Bilecik province) were examined comparatively by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing technique. Laboratory rats were used as a control group for comparison. Thus, 2000 different bacterial species were identified in gut microbiota. According to the Shannon and Simpsons values ​​calculated, laboratory rats showed the highest species diversity. When the similarities of microbiota profiles were compared with the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA), bacterial populations showed variability among different habitats. The comparison of species richness between the groups with the species rarefaction technique revealed higher species richness in all wild rats, especially in the rural habitat, compared to laboratory rats. Food sources were determined as the most important factor contributing to species richness and diversity. While the increased food variety boosted species richness, species diversity was increased due to the diminished food variety.

scholarly journals "Effectiveness of Diagnosis Based Remediation on Attainment of MLL in Mathematics among V Standard Students "

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Prakash K ◽  
Premalatha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Regular Classes ◽  
Experimental Group

Present study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of diagnosis-based remediation programme in improving the proportionate of students mastering each competency (percentage of competency mastered) by the group of V standard students in the selected (experimental) schools of Shimoga District. A total of 100 students of 4 government primary schools from Shimoga district constituted the sample for the study, of which 50 were boys and remaining 50 were girls. They were selected from both urban and rural areas of Shimoga district. This is an experimental study with pre and post test design. Among the selected100 non-mastered students, 50 were non masters and they formed control group and remaining 50 constituted the experimental group. After 2 months of intervention for the experimental group, the investigator conducted post test for both controlled and experimental groups. The controlled group students were attending regular classes whereas students from experimental group were attending the intervention class outside the class room which was taken by the investigator himself. MLL based test developed by Kashinath (2005) was adapted and used for assessing selected MLL competencies, which had 7 competencies was administered on the students selected 4 government primary schools of Shimoga district. The results showed that experimental group had gained significantly higher competencies in total scores than the control group. Further, male students of experimental group had substantial gain compared to all other groups.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Hypoxia Changed the Colonization of the Gut Microbiota in Newborn Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Jiayu Song ◽  
Wei Mao ◽  
Kaihao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intrauterine Hypoxia ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests a connection between the gut microbiota and neonatal diseases. Hypoxia may play an important role in the intestinal lesions in neonates.Objective: This study aims to determine whether the gut microbiota differs between intrauterine hypoxic rats and healthy controls and to identify the factors that influence the changes in the gut microbiota.Methods: We constructed an intrauterine hypoxia model in rats and collected the intestinal contents of intrauterine hypoxic newborn rats and normal newborn rats within 4 h and on the seventh day after birth. They were divided them into the intrauterine hypoxia first-day group (INH1), intrauterine hypoxia seventh-day group (INH7), normal first-day group (NOR1), and normal seventh-day group (NOR7). The contents of the intestines were sequenced with 16S rRNA sequencing, the sequencing results were analyzed for biological information, and the differences in the diversity, richness, and individual taxa among the groups were analyzed.Results: The abundance of the gut microbiota of neonatal rats with intrauterine hypoxia was higher than that of the control group rats. Intrauterine hypoxia altered the structural composition of the gut microbiota in neonatal rats. The INH1 group showed increased species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and β-diversity, and altered relative abundance in several taxa compared to those in the control group. The differences in the microbiota among the four groups were significantly higher than those within the group, and the differences in the abundance and diversity of the INH7 and NOR7 groups decreased after 7 days of suckling. Functional analysis based on the Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) suggested that 23 functional COG categories. There was no significant difference in the functional categories between the hypoxia group and the normal group.Conclusion: Intrauterine hypoxia changed the initial colonization of the gut microbiota in neonatal rats. It could increase the species richness and β-diversity of the gut microbiota, and altered relative abundances of several taxa.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoqing Shao ◽  
Chenyang Zhang ◽  
Nenqun Xiao ◽  
Zhoujin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Abstract Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most commonly adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea.Results: The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). The abundance of 8 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Aerococcus, and Pseudomonas, increased significantly, and the abundance of 3 genera, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Adlercreutzia, decreased significantly in the model group compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were the key differential genera in the model group.Conclusions: The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

scholarly journals Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Feifei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gut Flora

Background and Aims Recent evidence suggest that microbiota is associated with almost all major types of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in Acute Cerebral Infarction remains unexplored. It is important to understand the diversity and distribution of gut microbiota (GM) in patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction and the role that GM plays in this type of disease. Methods We performed pyrosequencing on the gut microbiota of 40 individuals in order to elucidate whether the composition of the microbiota differs between patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction and healthy controls: Of these individuals, there were 31 with Acute Cerebral Infarction and nine controls. We applied linear regression to calculate the correlation between the gut flora and disease risk factors. Finally, KEGG functional enrichment analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the gut flora and Acute Cerebral Infarction. Results The overall microbial structure was similar in both the controls and the patients, but the control group had higher relative presence of Blautia obeum while the presence of Streptococcus infantis and Prevotella copri were relatively higher in the patient group. Using linear regression, we found that Blautia obeum was negatively associated with white blood cell count and Streptococcus infantis was positively correlated with creatinine and lipoprotein. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the bio-pathways including methane metabolism, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, bacterial secretion, and flagellar assembly of the gut microbiota in the patient group was expressed differently than that of the controls. We identified three differentially expressed gut microbial functions in Acute Cerebral Infarction and found four bacterial pathways that might be related to the development of this disease. Conclusions Our study identified three abnormally-expressed bacteria—Blautia obeum, Streptococcus infantis, and Prevotella copri—in patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction compared with healthy controls. It reveals a correlation of these bacterial species with Acute Cerebral Infarction as they relate to disease factors and functional pathways. These findings may shed light on the treatment of cerebral infarction because gut microbiota could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oral-Dental Health in Patients with Periodontal Pathology and Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Andreea Dinu ◽  
Manuela Mihalache
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Abstract The present research attempts to assess the orodental health status of patients in the research group. The research group has been composed of 210 subjects, from both urban and rural areas, having periodontal pathologies and disorders of the glucidic metabolism. In order to obtain information about the orodental health condition as well as the orodental hygiene, we have applied the questionnaire method, this being well individualized and adapted to be relevant to the present study. Following the statistical analysis of the results, it appears that the subjects of the research group show a more pronounced periodontal pathology comparative to the control group. The study results highlight the importance of dentists’ knowledge of diagnostic techniques, treatment and prevention of orodental pathologies on patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals The State of Knowledge on Intestinal Helminths in Free-Roaming Dogs in Southern South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritossa Luciano ◽  
Viozzi Gustavo ◽  
Flores Verónica
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
South America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In South America there are more dogs per person than in developed countries. Many owners allow their dogs to roam freely in public areas, which favours the spread of zoonotic diseases. The objective of this work is to describe, through bibliographic analysis, the occurrence, prevalence, species richness, and distribution of intestinal helminth parasites found in dog faeces from urban and rural areas of southern South America (Argentina-Chile-Uruguay). Using three databases, we performed a systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2020 in indexed journals. A total of 219 articles was evaluated for eligibility, and of these 67 were included in the final analysis; 48 correspond to Argentina, 17 to Chile, and 2 to Uruguay. The total number of parasite taxa recorded was 22, the most frequently occurring species being Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris vulpis and Echinococcus sp. Species richness was correlated with sample size and varied between 1 and 10 species. In addition, disease risk is not homogeneously distributed. Due to the high infection levels in dogs, urban and rural dwellers are at risk of infection with zoonotic diseases transmitted by these animals, therefore a One Health approach to public health would be advisable.

scholarly journals Nitro BlueTetrazolium Chloride and Phagocytic Activity for Entamoeba Histolytica

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The NBT consist from two tetrazole molecules consider as the oxidative substance. The quantitative NBT test under standard conditions the leucocyte readiness is brooded together with NBT under standard conditions and declining of the color quantitated after extraction into pyridine is exceptionally valuable in the analysis by Spectro- photometry Entamoeba histolytica parasite induces apoptosis in host cells by for step(first)adherence to the host cell surface, (second) contact-subordinate cell killing, (third) start of phagocytosis so NBT used to determine percentage of phagocytosis for Entamoeba. Methods: This study was performed on 80 male they were divided to 25 control subjects and 55 subjects were diagnosed to be infected by Entamoeba histolytica at urban and rural areas in wassit province. Entamoeba histolytica and NBT were evaluated. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups (10.96±2.745) for control group and 19.63±3.617 in patients' group with confidence interval (7.056-10.29). P.value P<0.001 ratio minimum number was 7%, 13% for the control and patient groups. Conclusion: There were a significant increase in phagocytic activity of polymorph neaucler neutrophils (PMNs) for reduction of NBT stain

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development and Therapy Response

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Bruno Ramos-Molina ◽  
Ana Otero ◽  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
Rafael Ordóñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
High Fiber

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can alter CRC susceptibility and progression by modulating mechanisms such as inflammation and DNA damage, and by producing metabolites involved in tumor progression or suppression. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been observed in patients with CRC, with a decrease in commensal bacterial species (butyrate-producing bacteria) and an enrichment of detrimental bacterial populations (pro-inflammatory opportunistic pathogens). CRC is characterized by altered production of bacterial metabolites directly involved in cancer metabolism including short-chain fatty acids and polyamines. Emerging evidence suggests that diet has an important impact on the risk of CRC development. The intake of high-fiber diets and the supplementation of diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and probiotics, which are known to regulate gut microbiota, could be not only a potential mechanism for the reduction of CRC risk in a primary prevention setting, but may also be important to enhance the response to cancer therapy when used as adjuvant to conventional treatment for CRC. Therefore, a personalized modulation of the pattern of gut microbiome by diet may be a promising approach to prevent the development and progression of CRC and to improve the efficacy of antitumoral therapy.

Health Consequences of Lake Urmia in Crisis in the Disaster Area: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-448
Author(s):  
Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi ◽  
Mostafa Farahbakhsh ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani ◽  
Hossein Mashhadi Abdolahi ◽  
Zeinab Nikniaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACTObjective:This study investigated the health effects of Lake Urmia’s drought on adjacent urban and rural areas and people.Methods:The data for sociodemographic status, physical activity, dietary pattern, smoking, and angina of the subjects living in areas adjacent to and far from Lake Urmia were collected through validated questionnaires. Physical examinations, including blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical measurements, were performed.Results:There were no significant differences between 2 areas in the case of age, sex, educational, and physical activity and smoking status (P > 0.05). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the prevalence of hypertension, prehypertension, and anemia in cases living in the adjacent areas were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between 2 districts in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, overweight/obesity, asthma, angina, infraction, diabetes, and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency.Conclusions:Our data showed that Lake Urmia’s drought has serious effects on hypertension and anemia. More longitudinal and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these results.

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