scholarly journals Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background Obesity is a significant risk factor for Noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal or aging effect. Also, individuals born or enter to the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. In the current study, an advanced statistical model is used to distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on the risk of obesity for men and women. Methods Participants are a group of 6504 Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who live in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years in a large community-based study. Various medical indexes, including Body Mass Index, were collected in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model, which includes linear and quadratic effects of the Baseline Age and its difference with current age, is used. Results Between 2001 and 2013, the prevalence of obesity raised from 13–18% in men and from 31–44% in women. The odds of obesity for women was approximately three times the odds of obesity for men on average adjusting for the age effects. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the prevalence of obesity for individuals with Baseline Age 35 to 55 and a decline thereafter. Also, the odds ratio of obesity across one’s life course, had about 3% increase, on average, by each year aging, regardless of the age at baseline. Conclusions The high rate of obesity and its fast growth is a serious public health issue among Iranians, especially in adults age 35–55, and women. In the present study, Baseline Age was more strongly associated with the risk of obesity than aging. Considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, helps us to understand the effect of age on obesity better and to identify the related factors.

scholarly journals Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background Obesity is a significant risk factor for Noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal or aging effect. Also, individuals born or enter to the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. In the current study, an advanced statistical model is used to distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on the risk of obesity for men and women. Methods Participants are a group of 6504 Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who live in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years in a large community-based study. Various medical indexes, including Body Mass Index, were collected in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model, which includes linear and quadratic effects of the Baseline Age and its difference with current age, is used. Results Between 2001 and 2013, the prevalence of obesity raised from 13% to 18% in men and from 31% to 44% in women. The odds of obesity for women was approximately three times the odds of obesity for men on average adjusting for the age effects. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the prevalence of obesity for individuals with Baseline Age 35 to 55 and a decline thereafter. Also, the odds ratio of obesity across one’s life course, had about 3% increase, on average, by each year aging, regardless of the age at baseline. Conclusions The high rate of obesity and its fast growth is a serious public health issue among Iranians, especially in adults age 35-55, and women. In the present study, Baseline Age was more strongly associated with the risk of obesity than aging. Considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, helps us to understand the effect of age on obesity better and to identify the related factors.

scholarly journals Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract BackgroundObesity is a significant risk factor for Noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal or aging effect. Also, individuals born or enter to the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. In the current study, an advanced statistical model is used to distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on the risk of obesity for men and women.MethodsParticipants are a group of 6504 Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who live in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years in a large community-based study. Various medical indexes, including Body Mass Index, were collected in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model, which includes linear and quadratic effects of the Baseline Age and its difference with current age, is used.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2013, the prevalence of obesity raised from 13% to 18% in men and from 31% to 44% in women. The odds of obesity for women was approximately three times the odds of obesity for men on average adjusting for the age effects. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the prevalence of obesity for individuals with Baseline Age 35 to 55 and a decline thereafter. Also, the odds ratio of obesity across one’s life course, had about 3% increase, on average, by each year aging, regardless of the age at baseline.ConclusionsThe high rate of obesity and its fast growth is a serious public health issue among Iranians, especially in adults age 35-55, and women. In the present study, Baseline Age was more strongly associated with the risk of obesity than aging. Considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, helps us to understand the effect of age on obesity better and to identify the related factors.

scholarly journals Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

Abstract BackgroundObesity is a significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, and it is related to many adverse health consequences. The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is called a longitudinal (aging) effect. Also, individuals enter the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect.ObjectiveTo assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, using a Marginal Logistic Regression (MLR) model.MethodsIn the current study, we used the information of individuals who had participated in the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). Participants were a large group of Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who lived in the central region of Iran. They were followed up for 12 years. Repeated measurements of obesity were obtained in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The Marginal Logistic Regression model including the effects of the age at baseline and its difference with current age, is used.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2013, the percentage of obesity in men and women has raised from 13% to 18% and from 31% to 44%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the probability of obesity for individuals with baseline age 35 to 60 and a decline for the older ones. Furthermore, the odds of obesity had about 2% increase (on average) by each year of aging, regardless of the baseline age.ConclusionThe high frequency of obese individuals and its fast growth has been a serious public health issue among Iranians adults aged 35-60 years, especially in women. To better understand the effect of age on obesity and identify the related factors, both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age should be considered.

scholarly journals Assessing longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results from a large population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract AbstractThe risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is a longitudinal (aging) effect. Also, individuals who enter the study of the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. To assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age, using a Marginal Logistic Regression model. In the current study, we used the information of individuals who had participated in the Isfahan Cohort Study. Participants were a large group of Iranian adults over 35 years of age in 2001, who lived in the central region of Iran. Repeated measurements were obtained in 2001, 2007, and 2013. From 2001 to 2013, the percentage of obesity in men and women has raised from 13% to 18% and from 31% to 44%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the probability of obesity for individuals with a baseline age of 35 to 60 and a decline for the older ones. The odds of obesity had about a 2% increase (on average) with each year of aging, regardless of the baseline age. The high frequency of individuals with obesity and its fast growth has been a serious public health issue among Iranian adults aged 35-60 years, especially in women. To better understand the effect of age on obesity and identify the related factors, both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age should be considered.

scholarly journals Assessment of longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on adult obesity in an Iranian population: results of a large population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
The Cross

Background: The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is a longitudinal (aging) effect. Moreover, the individuals who enter the study at the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age should be considered for a better understanding of the effect of age on obesity and the related factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to (i) assess both the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on obesity and (ii) determine how obesity changes with age in the target population using a Marginal Logistic Regression (MLR) model. Materials and Methods: The current study made use of the information of individuals who had participated in the Isfahan Cohort Study. Participants were a large group of Iranian adults over 35 years of age who lived in the central region of Iran in 2001. Repeated measurements were obtained in 2001, 2007, and 2013. Results: From 2001 to 2013, the percentage of obesity in men and women raised from 13% and 31% to 18% and 44%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the probability of obesity for individuals aged 35-60 years at baseline and a decline for the older ones. The odds of obesity had about a 2% increase (on average) per year, regardless of the baseline age. Conclusion: The obtained results pointed to a difference between the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on the probability of obesity in the target population. The high and rising prevalence of obesity was a serious public health issue among participants, especially women, aged 35-60 years. The assessment of changes in obesity in a population-based study provides opportunities to target subpopulations that need more care and attention in public health interventions

scholarly journals PO 8563 UNCOMMONLY HIGH AND SYMPTOMATIC PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM INFECTIONS IN GABONESE ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A53.3-A53
Author(s):  
Rella Zoleko Manego ◽  
Eric Koehne ◽  
Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundMalaria remains a public health issue particularly in sub-Saharan Africa with special features of seriousness in young children and pregnant women. Older children and adults reported to have acquired a semi-immune status and therefore show low parasitaemia and less pronounced symptoms if any. We aim to explore parasitaemia and symptoms in adolescents and adults with malaria compared to younger children in the Lambaréné area.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in CERMEL for a month in 2018. Adults and children were screened for malaria at health facilities in Lambaréné and Fougamou and their respective surrounding villages in the central region of Gabon. Malaria infection was determined either by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or by thick blood smear (TBS). Body temperature, history of fever, age, sex, haemoglobin level, and location were collected.ResultsFrom 09 January to 09 February 2018, a total of 596 patients were screened and 280 (47%) belonged to the adult population. Plasmodium falciparum infection in adults was diagnosed based on the detection of P. falciparum in thick blood films. Prevalence among the adults was 56% (n=141); 34% of adult patients had a parasite count between 1015–116,079 pf/µl. Fever was found in 31% of adults and several symptoms were reported by the same patient. Vomiting, loss of appetite, and fatigue were significantly more present in the adult population than in children.ConclusionThis study shows a high rate of Plasmodium falciparum infection in adults associated to clinical symptoms and high level of parasitaemia. Adults seem to become an at-risk population, suggesting that malaria programmes should consider including adults in the implementation of a malaria prevention programme.

scholarly journals High-Dose Cholecalciferol Booster Therapy is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3799
Author(s):  
Stephanie F. Ling ◽  
Eleanor Broad ◽  
Rebecca Murphy ◽  
Joseph M. Pappachan ◽  
Satveer Pardesi-Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Reduced Risk

The worldwide pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed the most substantial and severe public health issue for several generations, and therapeutic options have not yet been optimised. Vitamin D (in its “parent” form, cholecalciferol) has been proposed in the pharmacological management of COVID-19 by various sources. We aimed to determine whether COVID-19 mortality was affected by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, vitamin D status, or cholecalciferol therapy, and to elucidate any other predictors of COVID-19 mortality. Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were opportunistically recruited from three UK hospitals, and their data were collected retrospectively. Logistic regression was used to determine any relationships between COVID-19 mortality and potential predictors, including 25(OH)D levels and cholecalciferol booster therapy. A total of 986 participants with COVID-19 were studied, of whom 151 (16.0%) received cholecalciferol booster therapy. In the primary cohort of 444 patients, cholecalciferol booster therapy was associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 mortality, following adjustment for potential confounders (ORadj 0.13, 95% CI 0.05–0.35, p < 0.001). This finding was replicated in a validation cohort of 541 patients (ORadj 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.84, p = 0.018). In this observational study, treatment with cholecalciferol booster therapy, regardless of baseline serum 25(OH)D levels, appears to be associated with a reduced risk of mortality in acute in-patients admitted with COVID-19. Further work with large population studies needs to be carried out to determine adequate serum 25(OH)D levels, as well as multi-dose clinical trials of cholecalciferol therapy to assess maximum efficacy.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Factors in Turkish School Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihad Dündar ◽  
Hatice Öz
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Watching Tv

Objective. To determine the prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in Turkish children.Method. This cross-sectional survey was conducted on students including 1271 boys and 1206 girls selected from 20 secondary schools in Samsun, Turkey. A predesigned questionnaire was used to elicit the information on individual characteristics. The height and weight of students were measured in their classroom. Obesity was defined as body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age of the sex-specific CDC growth charts.Result. The mean age was 12.8 ± 0.9 years, and the prevalence of obesity was found at 10.3%. There were higher numbers of obese students in boys than in girls (X2= 53.4;P< 0.001). The prevalence of obesity was 10.0% and 16.8% in public and private school students, respectively. The percentage of obese children in students who skipped breakfast was found to be higher than that in the group that consumed 3 meals a day regularly. There was no difference at time spent in sedentary behavior except watching TV, and prevalence of obesity in the group of students watching television over 3 hours per day was higher than that in their counterparts (X2= 13.6;P< 0.01). The time of engagement in sports was lower in obese group statistically (F= 8.9;P< 0.001).Conclusion. In order to prevent childhood obesity, monitoring children's lifestyle by parents is necessary.

Workplace violence against physicians and medical students in west part of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad ◽  
Bayan Moloudi ◽  
Hossein Safari ◽  
Bakhtiar Piroozi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to survey the prevalence of exposure to workplace violence (WPV) including physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying as well as its related factors among physicians and medical students attending teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (KUMS). Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive analytic as well as a cross-sectional study which was carried out on all physicians (general and specialists) and medical students attending teaching hospitals of KUMS in 2014. Overall, 400 participated in this study and data were gathered using a standard questionnaire. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS 20, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests as well as univariate and adjusted logistic regression. Findings The prevalence of physical violence, verbal abuse and bullying among medical students was reported 4.5, 59 and 0.8 percent, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of these violence among general practitioners was 6.9, 72.4 and 0 percent, respectively. Moreover, 11.5, 42.3 and 3.8 percent of specialists had experienced physical violence, verbal abuse and bullying, respectively. Patients and their relatives were the main sources of the violence. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression, male sex (AOR=2.60, CI: 1.56–4.32) and having shift work (AOR=3.13, CI: 1.67–5.84) were the most significant risk factors for total WPV. Originality/value The WPV experienced by physicians and medical students attending teaching hospitals of MUK is high. Health sector authorities should develop and implement proper strategies and interventions aiming at reducing or preventing from incidence of WPV.

The Prevalence of Nonsyndromic Oral Clefts in Twins Compared to Singletons: The Association With Birth Weight

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562097456
Author(s):  
Diluma Kariyawasam ◽  
Shayesteh Jahanfar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Clefts

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of nonsyndromic oral clefts in twins compared to singletons in the United States and to evaluate the association between birth weight and nonsyndromic oral clefts. Design: A large population-based cross-sectional study was performed using the data from the US National Center for Health Statistics database in 2017. Participants: Our sample consisted of 128 310 twins and 3 723 273 singletons. Methods: The variables collected were sociodemographic variables, environmental predictors, and clinical measures. Descriptive analysis, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome variable in our study is nonsyndromic oral clefts. Results: The prevalence of nonsyndromic oral clefts was 5.22 per 10 000 in twins and 5.12 per 10 000 in singletons. Results show no significant risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts in twins compared to singletons ( P = .92). There was a significant relationship between birth weight and infant diagnosed with nonsyndromic oral clefts ( P = .01). Unadjusted odds ratio for birth weight was 2.52 (95% CI: 2.25-2.82). Adjusted odds for potential confounders such as mother’s age, race, mother’s education, gender of the infant, APGAR 5-minute score, gestational age, prenatal smoking, number of prenatal care visits, and mother’s body mass index were resulted in similar but with a slightly lower odds of 2.11 (95% CI: 1.78-2.50). Conclusion: Compared to singletons, twins did not have higher risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts. Infants with low birth weight were more prone to have nonsyndromic oral clefts.

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