scholarly journals Novel 61-BP Indel of the RIN2 Gene is Significantly Associated with Chicken Growth and Carcass Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wujian Lin ◽  
Tuanhui Ren ◽  
Jiaying Liang ◽  
Wangyu Li ◽  
Mingjian Xian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Intron Region

Abstract Background: Ras and Rab interactor 2 (RIN2) gene, encoding RAS and Rab interacting protein 2, can interact with GTP-bound Rab5 and participate in early endocytosis. Deletion of RIN2 may impair Rab5-related endosome signaling, leading to abnormal phenotypes. However, no research has been reported on the functions of RIN2 related to animal production.Results: A 61-bp insertion/deletion (indel) in the RIN2 intron region in this study. The genotype analysis of mutation sites was performed on 550 individuals from 7 different chicken breeds, and it was found that the indel exists in each breed and the local breed chickens are mainly DD genotypes. Correlation analysis of the indel with growth traits and carcass traits of the F2 population of Xinghua and White Recessive Rock chicken showed that the RIN2 61-bp deletion mutation site was significantly correlated with abdominal fat weight, fat width and hatching weight traits (P < 0.05). RIN2 mRNA was expressed in all test tissues, and the expression level of abdominal fat was higher than that in other tissues. In addition, it was further found that the expression level of type II RIN2 mRNA in abdominal fat was significantly different from that of ID type and DD type (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the mutation was closely related to the abdominal fat-related and hatching weight traits of chickens, which may have certain reference value for molecular marker-assisted selection of chickens.

scholarly journals Novel 61-bp Indel of RIN2 Is Associated With Fat and Hatching Weight Traits in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wujian Lin ◽  
Tuanhui Ren ◽  
Wangyu Li ◽  
Manqing Liu ◽  
Danlin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Luciferase Activity ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Intron Region ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Genotype Correlation

The Ras and Rab interactor 2 (RIN2) gene, which encodes RAS and Rab interacting protein 2, can interact with GTP-bound Rab5 and participate in early endocytosis. This study found a 61-bp insertion/deletion (indel) in the RIN2 intron region, and 3 genotypes II, ID, and DD were observed. Genotype analysis of mutation sites was performed on 665 individuals from F2 population and 8 chicken breeds. It was found that the indel existed in each breed and that yellow feathered chickens were mainly of the DD genotype. Correlation analysis of growth and carcass traits in the F2 population of Xinghua and White Recessive Rock chickens showed that the 61-bp indel was significantly correlated with abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat rate, fat width, and hatching weight (P &lt; 0.05). RIN2 mRNA was expressed in all the tested tissues, and its expression in abdominal fat was higher than that in other tissues. In addition, the expression of the RIN2 mRNA in the abdominal fat of the DD genotype was significantly higher than that of the II genotype (P &lt; 0.05). The transcriptional activity results showed that the luciferase activity of the pGL3-DD vector was significantly higher than that of the pGL3-II vector (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, the results indicate that the polymorphisms in transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) of 61-bp indel may affect the transcriptional activity of RIN2, and thus alter fat traits in chicken. The results of this study showed that the 61-bp indel was closely related to abdominal fat-related and hatching weight traits of chickens, which may have reference value for molecular marker-assisted selection of chickens.

scholarly journals A 104-bp Structural Variation of the ADPRHL1 Gene Is Associated With Growth Traits in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Bingjie Chen ◽  
Chengjie Wei ◽  
Dan Hou ◽  
Panpan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Deletion Mutations ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
The Impact

Analyzing marker-assisted breeding is an important method utilized in modern molecular breeding. Recent studies have determined that a large number of molecular markers appear to explain the impact of “lost heritability” on human height. Therefore, it is necessary to locate molecular marker sites in poultry and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms governing their effects. In this study, we found a 104-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 5′UTR of the ADPRHL1 gene through resequencing. In cross-designed F2 resource groups, the indel was significantly associated with weight at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks and a number of other traits [carcass weight (CW), semi-evisceration weight (SEW), evisceration weight (EW), claw weight (CLW), wings weight (DWW), gizzard weight (GW), pancreas weight (PW), chest muscle weight (CMW), leg weight (LW), leg muscle weight (LMW), shedding Weight (SW), liver rate (LR), and leg muscle rate (LMR)] (P &lt; 0.05). In brief, the insertion-insertion (II) genotype was significantly associated with the greatest growth traits and meat quality traits, whereas the values associated with the insertion-deletion (ID) genotype were the lowest in the F2 reciprocal cross chickens. The mutation sites were genotyped in 4,526 individuals from 12 different chicken breeds and cross-designed F2 resource groups. The II genotype is the most important genotype in commercial broilers, and the I allele frequency observed in these breeds is relatively high. Deletion mutations tend to be fixed in commercial broilers. However, there is still considerable great potential for breeding in dual-purpose chickens and commercial laying hens. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the II genotype of the ADPRHL1 gene possessed 2.49-fold higher promoter activity than the DD genotype (P &lt; 0.05). We hypothesized that this indel might affect the transcriptional activity of ADPRHL1, thereby affecting the growth traits of chickens. These findings may help to elucidate the function of the ADPRHL1 gene and facilitate enhanced reproduction in the chicken industry.

Identification of an alpha-tubulin mutant of fission yeast from gamma-tubulin-interacting protein screening: genetic evidence for alpha-/gamma-tubulin interaction

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (24) ◽  
pp. 4557-4562 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Takeoka ◽  
M. Shimizu ◽  
T. Horio
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Microtubule Nucleation ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Gamma Tubulin

gamma-Tubulin has been determined to be a central element of microtubule nucleation and, thus, indispensable for cellular organization of the microtubule. Utilizing the fact that human gamma-tubulin can function in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have generated a unique mutant screening procedure which can specifically select mutants of genes encoding gamma-tubulin-interacting proteins. One of the isolated mutants, cs76, turned out to carry a mutation in the alpha 1-tubulin gene (nda2(+)). This result suggests a direct interaction between the alpha- and gamma-tubulins. We located the mutation site in the nda2 gene and characterized the mutant phenotype. Our results demonstrate the importance of the alpha-/gamma-tubulin interaction in microtubule nucleation and should complement previous knowledge.

The mycobacterial efflux pump EfpA can induce high drug tolerance to many anti-tuberculosis drugs, including moxifloxacin, in Mycobacterium smegmatis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Rai ◽  
Sarika Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Major Facilitator

Active efflux of drugs across the membrane is a major survival strategy of bacteria against many drugs. In this work, we characterize an efflux pump EfpA, from the major facilitator superfamily, that is highly conserved among both slow growing and fast-growing mycobacterium species and has been found to be upregulated in many clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The gene encoding EfpA from Mycobacterium smegmatis was over-expressed under both constitutive and an inducible promoter. Expression of efpA gene under both the promoters resulted in greater than 32-fold increased drug tolerance of M. smegmatis cells to many first-line (rifampicin, isoniazid and streptomycin) and second-line (amikacin) anti-tuberculosis drugs. Notably, drug tolerance of M. smegmatis cells to moxifloxacin increased by more than 180-fold when efpA was over-expressed. The increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) correlated with the decreased uptake of drugs including norfloxacin, moxifloxacin and ethidium bromide and the high MIC could be reversed in the presence of an efflux pump inhibitor. A correlation was observed between the MIC of drugs and the efflux pump expression level, suggesting that the latter could be modulated by varying the expression level of the efflux pump. The expression of high levels of efpA did not impact the fitness of the cells when supplemented with glucose.The efpA gene is conserved across both pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria. The efpA gene from the Mycobacterium bovis BCG/ M. tuberculosis , which is 80% identical to efpA from M. smegmatis , also led to decreased antimicrobial efficacy to many drugs, although the fold-change was lower. When over-expressed in M. bovis BCG, an 8-fold higher drug tolerance to moxifloxacin was observed . This is the first report of an efflux pump from mycobacterium species that leads to higher drug tolerance to moxifloxacin, a promising new drug for the treatment of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Associations Between IGF1, IGFBP2 and TGFß3 Genes Polymorphisms and Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken Lines

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Bozena Hosnedlova ◽  
Katerina Vernerova ◽  
Rene Kizek ◽  
Riccardo Bozzi ◽  
Jaromir Kadlec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Value Association

Marker-assisted selection based on fast and accurate molecular analysis of individual genes is considered an acceptable tool in the speed-up of the genetic improvement of production performance in chickens. The objective of this study was to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF1, IGFBP2 and TGFß3 genes, and to investigate their associations with growth performance (body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age) and carcass traits in broilers. Performance (carcass) data (weight before slaughter; weights of the trunk, giblets, abdominal fat, breast muscle and thigh muscle; slaughter value and slaughter percentage), as well as blood samples for DNA extraction and SNP analysis, were obtained from 97 chickens belonging to two different lines (Hubbard F15 and Cobb E) equally divided between the two sexes. The genotypes were detected using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with specific primers and restrictase for each gene. The statistical analysis discovered significant associations (p < 0.05) between the TGFβ3 SNP and the following parameters: BW at 21, 28 and 35 days, trunk weight and slaughter value. Association analysis of BWs (at 21, 28 and 35 days) and SNPs was always significant for codominant, dominant and overdominant genetic models, showing a possible path for genomic selection in these chicken lines. Slaughter value was significant for codominant, recessive and overdominant patterns, whereas other carcass traits were not influenced by SNPs. Based on the results of this study, we suggested that the TGFβ3 gene could be used as a candidate gene marker for chicken growth traits in the Hubbard F15 and Cobb E population selection programs, whereas for carcass traits further investigation is needed.

scholarly journals Expression Analysis of the PITX2 Gene and Associations between Its Polymorphisms and Body Size and Carcass Traits in Chickens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyue Cao ◽  
Xinyang Dong ◽  
Haiguang Mao ◽  
Ningying Xu ◽  
Zhaozheng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Pitx2 Gene ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Wuliang Mountain

PITX2 is expressed in and plays an important role in myocytes of mice, and it has effects on late myogenic differentiation in chickens. However, the expression profile and polymorphisms of PITX2 remain unclear in chickens. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect its expression and investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within its exons and then to evaluate whether these polymorphisms affect body size as well as carcass traits in chickens. The expression analysis showed that the expression level of chicken PITX2 mRNA in the leg muscle and hypophysis was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those in other tissues. The results of polymorphisms analysis identified two SNPs (i.e., g.9830C > T and g.10073C > T) in exon 1 and 10 SNPs (i.e., g.12713C > T, g.12755C > T, g.12938G > A, g. 3164C > T, g.13019G > A, g.13079G > A, g.13285G > A, g.13335G > A, g.13726A > G and g.13856C > T) in exon 3, including four novel SNPs (i.e., g.9830C > T, g.12713C > T, g.12938G > A and g.13856C > T). In the loci of g.10073C > T and g.12713C > T, chickens with the CT genotype had the highest (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) breast depth and breast angle, respectively. For the locus of g.13335G > A, chickens with the GG genotype had the highest (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) breast angle and shank circumference. For the locus of g.13726A > G, chickens with the GG genotype had the highest breast width, fossil keel bone length and shank circumference. The locus of g.12713A > G had significant effects on the PITX2 mRNA expression level in leg muscle. The H1H7 diplotype showed the highest shank circumference, and the H2H8 diplotype showed the highest breast muscle rate. The present research suggested that polymorphisms of the exons of the PITX2 gene were significantly associated with the body size and carcass traits of Wuliang Mountain Black-bone chickens and the PITX2 gene could be a potential candidate gene for molecular marker-aided selection in Wuliang Mountain Black-bone chickens and other chicken breeds.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Pork Quality, Novel Carcass, Primal-Cut and Growth Traits in Duroc Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Willson ◽  
Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira ◽  
Allan P. Schinckel ◽  
Daniela Grossi ◽  
Luiz F. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Selection Indexes

More recently, swine breeding programs have aimed to include pork quality and novel carcass (e.g., specific primal cuts such as the Boston butt or belly that are not commonly used in selection indexes) and belly traits together with growth, feed efficiency and carcass leanness in the selection indexes of terminal-sire lines, in order to efficiently produce pork with improved quality at a low cost to consumers. In this context, the success of genetic selection for such traits relies on accurate estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 39 traits in Duroc pigs (three growth, eight conventional carcass (commonly measured production traits; e.g., backfat depth), 10 pork quality and 18 novel carcass traits). Phenotypic measurements were collected on 2583 purebred Duroc gilts, and the variance components were estimated using both univariate and bivariate models and REML procedures. Moderate to high heritability estimates were found for most traits, while genetic correlations tended to be low to moderate overall. Moderate to high genetic correlations were found between growth, primal-cuts and novel carcass traits, while low to moderate correlations were found between pork quality and growth and carcass traits. Some genetic antagonisms were observed, but they are of low to moderate magnitude. This indicates that genetic progress can be achieved for all traits when using an adequate selection index.

scholarly journals The U95 Protein of Human Herpesvirus 6B Interacts with Human GRIM-19: Silencing of U95 Expression Reduces Viral Load and Abrogates Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Yeo ◽  
Yuji Isegawa ◽  
Vincent T. K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Infected Cells

ABSTRACT To better understand the pathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), it is important to elucidate the functional aspects of immediate-early (IE) genes at the initial phase of the infection. To study the functional role of the HHV-6B IE gene encoding U95, we generated a U95-Myc fusion protein and screened a pretransformed bone marrow cDNA library for U95-interacting proteins, using yeast-two hybrid analysis. The most frequently appearing U95-interacting protein identified was GRIM-19, which belongs to the family of genes associated with retinoid-interferon mortality and serves as an essential component of the oxidative phosphorylation system. This interaction was verified by both coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopic coimmunolocalization. Short-term HHV-6B infection of MT-4 T-lymphocytic cells induced syncytial formation, resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and led to progressively pronounced ultrastructural changes, such as mitochondrial swelling, myelin-like figures, and a loss of cristae. Compared to controls, RNA interference against U95 effectively reduced the U95 mRNA copy number and abrogated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results indicate that the high affinity between U95 early viral protein and GRIM-19 may be closely linked to the detrimental effect of HHV-6B infection on mitochondria. These findings may explain the alternative cell death mechanism of expiration, as opposed to apoptosis, observed in certain productively HHV-6B-infected cells. The interaction between U95 and GRIM-19 is thus functionally and metabolically significant in HHV-6B-infected cells and may be a means through which HHV-6B modulates cell death signals by interferon and retinoic acid.

Genetic parameters among growth and carcass traits of Canadian Charolais cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., M. Lowerison ◽  
N. Caron ◽  
R. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area

Genetic parameters for three growth and five carcass traits were estimated for Charolais using a combination of carcass progeny test, purebred field performance and pedigree data. Heritabilities and genetic and residual correlations were derived from variance components for birth weight (BWT, n = 54 221), 205-d weaning weight (WT205, n = 31 384), postweaning gain (PWG, n = 19 403), hot carcass weight (HCW, n = 6958), average subcutaneous fat thickness (FAT, n = 6866), longissimus muscle area (REA, n = 6863), marbling score (MAR, n = 6903) and estimated carcass lean yield percentage (PLY, n = 6852) with an animal model (n = 78 728) and restricted maximum likelihood. Breed of dam and contemporary group appropriate to each trait were included as fixed effects in the model, whereas random effects included direct genetic for all traits, maternal genetic for BWT and WT205, and maternal permanent environmental for WT205. Carcass traits were adjusted to a constant harvest age of 425 d. Heritability estimates of 0.53, 0.22, and 0.21 were obtained for direct components of BWT, WT205, and PWG, respectively, and maternal heritabilities were 0.16 and 0.10 for BWT and WT205, respectively. Direct × maternal genetic correlations for BWT (-0.49) and WT205 (-0.35) were negative. Heritabilities for HCW, FAT, REA, MAR, and PLY were 0.33, 0.39, 0.43, 0.34, and 0.46, respectively. Genetic correlations among direct effects for growth traits were moderately positive and generally uncorrelated with maternal effects across traits. Lean and fat deposition in the carcass generally had negative, unfavorable genetic correlations, although improvement in lean yield and marbling score may not be strongly antagonistic. Genetic correlations of direct and maternal components of growth traits with carcass traits suggested that selection for increased growth rate would not be antagonistic to improvement in carcass yield or meat quality. Key words: Carcass, Charolais, correlation, genetic parameters, growth

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document