scholarly journals Knowledge, perceptions and preventive practices towards COVID-19 among Jimma University Medical Center visitors, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kebede ◽  
Yimenu Yitayih ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu ◽  
Seblework Mekonen ◽  
Argaw Ambelu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Jimma University

Abstract Background: The novel-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic and public health emergency of international concern, as avowed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ethiopia has become one of the affected countries as of March 15, 2020.Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices among Jimma University medical center (JUMC) visitors in Jimma town.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 247 sampled visitors, from 20-24 March, 2020. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit participants. The study tools were adapted from WHO resources. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the status of knowledge, perception and practices. Logistic regression was executed to assess predictors of dominant preventive practices.Results: of the 247 respondents, 205 (83.0%) knew the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19. 72.0% knew that older people who have chronic illnesses are at high risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19. About 95.1% knew that COVID-19 virus spreads via respiratory droplets of infected people while 77 (31.2%) of the respondents knew about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. Only 15 (6.1%) knew that children and young adults have to involve preventive measures. Overall, 41.3% of the visitors had high knowledge.The majority, 170(68.8%), felt self-efficacious to control COVID-19. 207(83.3%) believed that COVID-19 is a stigmatized disease. Frequent hand washing (77.3%) and avoidance of shaking hands (53.8%) the were dominant practices. Knowledge status and self-efficacy (positively), older ages and unemployment (negatively) predicted hand washing and avoidance of handshaking.Conclusions: The status of knowledge and desirable practices were not sufficient enough to combat this rapidly spreading virus. COVID-19 risk communication and public education efforts should focus on building appropriate level of knowledge while enhancing adoption of recommended self-care practices with special emphasize on high-risk audience segments.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Lassa fever infection among survivors at the Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Oluwatosin Temitope Owoeye-Lawal ◽  
Adewale Johnson Aro ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Adesola Olawumi Kareem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Ondo State

Background and Aim: There is insufficient information about the successfully managed Lassa fever (LF) patients in Nigeria. This study aimed to utilize the One Health approach to identify the risk factors for LF infection among LF patients who were managed and on follow-up at the Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 101 LF survivors who were managed and on follow-up at the Federal Medical Center. The data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The respondents were assessed for symptoms and factors that might have predisposed them to LF, and the data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., NY, USA). Those who had more than 3 identifiable risks were categorized as high risk. Descriptive statistics were done, and the association between sociodemographic characteristics and high risk was explored using Chi-square test. Results: The median age of the respondents was 33 years (8-85 years); 62 (61.4%) were male, and 93 (92.1%) have heard of LF before diagnosis. The perceived cause of LF infection among the respondents included the consumption of food contaminated by rats' feces among 57 (56.4%) persons, while 16 (15.8) attributed their infection to contact with LF-infected persons. Among the respondents with primary education and below, 5 (29.4%) were at higher risk for LF infection compared to 7 (8.3%) with secondary education and above (p=0.014). Conclusion: The mass media and other sources of information should be well-harnessed in the communication of risks and preventive practices for LF. Public information campaigns should be organized to discourage bush burning in affected communities.

scholarly journals Impact of Sleep Disturbances on the Quality of Life Among Schizophrenic Out-patients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
Aman Dule ◽  
Mustefa Mohammedhussein ◽  
Mohammedamin Hajure
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Jimma University

Aim: Current study was aimed to assess the impacts of sleep disturbances on patient’s quality of life. Background: Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which affects sleep. Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients complain of sleep disturbances which affect the quality of life Objectives: To assess the association of sleep disturbances and quality of life and other contributing factors among schizophrenic patients on follow-up treatment at Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 411 out-patients at Jimma University medical center was employed from April 21-June 20, 2019. Sleep disturbances and the quality of life were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software was used. Chi-square and independent samples t-test were used for association and P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Most participants had sleep disturbances and the mean score of positive scale on PANSS was higher for patients with sleep disturbances. About one-fourth of the patients had very good subjective sleep quality and > 85% of sleep efficiency was reported by 139 participants. More than half (51.1%) of the subjects had used sleep medication and the majority (64.7%) of them were reported daytime dysfunctions in the past month. The social domain (M±SD=3.92±2.51, t=8.46, p= <0.001, eta2=0.15) and overall WHOQOL (M±SD=57.60±16.87, t=9.24, p= < 0.001, eta2= 0.17) score had a large difference of means and about 15% and 17% of the variance in sleep disturbance have been explained. Conclusion: Generally, the finding of the current study was in agreement with most of the previous studies and sleep disturbances respectively moderate to significant effects on the patient’s quality of life.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Preschool Children Living in Farmland, North Sumatera, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Novianty ◽  
Yazid Dimyati ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu ◽  
Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Background. Disease burden from soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is mainly attributed to its chronic and insidious impact on health and quality of life. Strategy recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) to control it was previously focused on school-aged children, but now preschool-aged children are involved. This study was intended to determine STH infection risk factors in preschool children.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Suka Village, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from October to December 2016. Subjects were children aged 1 to 5 years without history of taking antihelminthic. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling. Demographic data and risk factors for helminthiasis were collected using questionnaire-based interview. Subjects were divided into two groups, positive and negative STH infection, based on Kato Katz method. Analysis was done using chi-square and logistic regression test.pvalue < 0.05 was considered significant.Results. We enrolled 90 subjects in this study, with the mean age being 31.7 months. STH infection prevalence was 34.4%. Statistical analysis revealed that mother/caregiver hand washing habit (p=0.007), mother/caregiver nail trimming habit (p=0.018), and children nail trimming habit (p=0.022) were significant risk factors for STH infection.Conclusion. Mother/caregiver hand washing habit is the most influential risk factor for STH infection in preschool children.

scholarly journals Hand hygiene compliance among rural healthcare workers of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Rajbhandari ◽  
Reshu Agrawal Sagtani ◽  
Kedar Prasad Baral
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Introductions: Transmission of healthcare associated infections through contaminated hands of healthcare workers are common. This study was designed to explore the existing compliance of hand hygiene among the healthcare workers workings in different level of health care centers of Makwanpur district of Nepal. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in Makwanpur district, Nepal, during 2015. Healthcare workers from nine healthcare centers were selected randomly for the study. Standard observation checklists and World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene were used to assess the compliance of hand hygiene during patient care. Results: There were 74 participants. Overall compliance for hand washing was 24.25% (range 19.63 to 45.56). Complete steps of hand washing were performed by 38.3% of health care workers. The factors associated for noncompliance were lack of time (29.3%), example set by seniors (20%), absence or inadequate institution protocol (20%) and unfavourable health care setting (> 20%). Conclusions: Overall hand washing compliance rate amongst the healthcare workers in rural health facilities of Nepal were low (24.25%).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Its Predictors among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽  
Andualem Mossie Ayana ◽  
Moyeta Bariso Gare ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Cognitive impairment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients can lead to treatment nonadherence, faster progression of the illness, disability, and bed ridden state if we fail to detect it early. However, there is scarcity of previous published studies in Ethiopia on the assessment of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. Methods. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 HIV-positive patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. Data were collected from a face-to-face interview and review of medical records using semistructured questionnaire. Validated International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was used to screen for cognitive impairment. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 328 (191 females and 137 males) HIV-positive patients were included in the study with a response rate of 97.04%. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients was 35.7%. Factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment were age group of 41−64 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.3, 7.4)], plasma HIV-1 RNA load between 1.7log10 and 3log10 copies/ml [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.1,4.3)] and ≥ 3log10 copies/ml [AOR = 7.5, 95% CI (2.6, 21.5)], khat chewing [AOR = 4.4, 95% CI (2.3, 8.3)], and clinical stage III of the disease [AOR = 5.6, 95% CI (1.7, 19.2)]. Conclusion. Despite the use of ART, the burden of cognitive impairment among HIV patients was high. Older age, khat chewing, advanced stage of the disease, and higher viral load were the independent factors associated with cognitive impairment. Thus, continuous screening of cognitive impairment, identification of the possible risk factors, and proper management strategy should be designed.

scholarly journals A community based cross sectional study to estimate total cardiovascular risk in rural Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Bibhava Vikramaditya ◽  
Mahesh Satija ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary ◽  
Sarit Sharma ◽  
Sangeeta Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of non communicable deaths in India. CVD risk prediction charts by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) are designed for implementing timely preventive measures. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk parameters and to estimate total CVD risk among adults aged ≥40 years, using the WHO/ISH risk charts alone and also to assess the effect of the inclusion of additional criteria on CVD risk.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Desired information was obtained using WHO STEPS survey (STEP wise approach to surveillance) from 324 adults aged ≥40 years. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory measurements were also performed. WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for South East Asian region (SEAR-D) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk among the subjects.Results: WHO/ISH risk prediction charts identified 16.0% of the subjects with high risk (≥20%) of developing a cardiovascular event. The study population showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Amongst high risk CVD group, maximum prevalence was of hypertension and high perceived stress level. However, the proportion of high CVD risk (≥20%) increased to 33.6% when subjects with blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg and /or on hypertension medication were added as high risk.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of this community is at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING DENGUE FEVER AMONG ADULT POPULATION OF DISTRICT DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Aminullah ◽  
Soaib Ali Hassan ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmed Khawaja Khail ◽  
Abdul Waris ◽  
Gul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Preventive Practices

Background: Dengue is a major public-health concern throughout globe especially tropical and sub-tropical regions. Dengue fever is transmitted by bite of female mosquito caused by human viral pathogen that belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50-100 million dengue infections occur each year and that almost half the world's population lives in countries where dengue is endemic. The first confirmed dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan occurred in 1994. Since then, epidemics of dengue fever have been reported in the region with increasing frequency and expanding geographic distribution.Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices regarding dengue fever among adult population.Methods: This study was a Cross sectional descriptive survey conducted among adult population in Union council Ouch and Chakdarah district Dir Lower, KPK province Pakistan. The study was collected in the months of October to December 2015. Sample size was calculated through sample size formula calculation and total of 419 subjects including male and females were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire selected through simple random sampling technique.Results: Majority of study population were males (79.3%) and living in houses made of bricks (68.3%). Majority of population was unaware regarding dengue fever transmission, its sign and symptoms and treatment (58.9%). Respondents' main source of information was TV and radio. The study participants consider dengue as a fatal disease and the preventive practices from mosquito bite were recorded as, full clothing (24.4%) followed by use of repellents (10%). Around half of the respondents were using bed net for dengue prevention in which 36% got it from various NGOs working in the district.Conclusion: There is lack of knowledge about dengue fever among the communities. Preventive practices can be improved by increasing knowledge and its translation into sustainable practices.

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