Risk Factors for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Preschool Children Living in Farmland, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Background. Disease burden from soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is mainly attributed to its chronic and insidious impact on health and quality of life. Strategy recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) to control it was previously focused on school-aged children, but now preschool-aged children are involved. This study was intended to determine STH infection risk factors in preschool children.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Suka Village, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from October to December 2016. Subjects were children aged 1 to 5 years without history of taking antihelminthic. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling. Demographic data and risk factors for helminthiasis were collected using questionnaire-based interview. Subjects were divided into two groups, positive and negative STH infection, based on Kato Katz method. Analysis was done using chi-square and logistic regression test.pvalue < 0.05 was considered significant.Results. We enrolled 90 subjects in this study, with the mean age being 31.7 months. STH infection prevalence was 34.4%. Statistical analysis revealed that mother/caregiver hand washing habit (p=0.007), mother/caregiver nail trimming habit (p=0.018), and children nail trimming habit (p=0.022) were significant risk factors for STH infection.Conclusion. Mother/caregiver hand washing habit is the most influential risk factor for STH infection in preschool children.

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Prevalence and Risk factors of Infertility in a Mongolian Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48018/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tuvshinbayar Negdel ◽

Khishigjargal Ulziisaikhan ◽

Davaakhuu Sengebaljir ◽

Arigbukh Enkhbat ◽

Badrakh Munkhbayar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Capital City ◽

World Health ◽

Secondary Infertility ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Infertile Patients

Abstract Background Worldwide, the median prevalence of infertility is 9%, but rates in different countries vary from 3.5–16.7%. Infertility, which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the failure to conceive after 12 months of unprotected regular sexual intercourse, is not considered a medical condition but carries a social stigma and can greatly impact a couple’s self-esteem and wellbeing. There are a number of risk factors associated with infertility such as: genetic background, age, socio-economic factors, and health care including treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. We have achieved the first population-based study on the prevalence of infertility in reproductive aged women in Mongolia, and the factors that influence it. Method: We conducted a population-based, cross sectional study in 4 regions of Mongolia and the capital city, Ulaanbaatar: East, West, Central Khangai, Central, and Ulaanbaatar. Our questionnaire consisted of categories that influenced infertility such as: socio-economic status, lifestyle factors, health, reproductive history, present status and sexual function. Trained staff conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants. Results A total of 1,920 couples residing in 4 regions of Mongolia and the capital city, Ulaanbaatar were studied. The median prevalence rate was 7.2%, which is similar to the worldwide infertility rate of 9%. Primary and secondary infertility was 2.5% and 5% respectively. Sexual transmitted diseases (STIs) contributed to secondary infertility. Our study showed that the most important risk factors for infertility were rural living and low levels of education. Only 14.8% of infertile patients received hormone therapy, and even fewer infertile patients (0.8%) received in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Conclusions Our study shows that two most significant risk factors for infertility were: reliving in rural communities and having a low level of education. Occupational conditions, and monthly household income were not significant risk factors for infertility. Since this is the first population-based study in Mongolia we were not able to measure trends in infertility prevalence but intend to do so in the future.

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Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults: A community based study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0248934

Author(s):

Meseret Molla Asemu ◽

Alemayehu Worku Yalew ◽

Negussie Deyessa Kabeta ◽

Desalew Mekonnen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Significant Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs

Background In all areas of the World Health Organization, the prevalence of hypertension was highest in Africa. High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for coronary and ischemic diseases, as well as hemorrhagic stroke. However, there were scarce data concerning the magnitude and risk factors of hypertension. Thus, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Addis Ababa city. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to October 2018 in Addis Ababa city. Participants aged 18 years and older recruited using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interview technique. All three WHO STEPS instruments were applied. Additionally, participants’ weight, height, waist, hip, and blood pressure (BP) were measured according to standard procedures. Multiple logistic regressions were used and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to identify associated factors. Results In this study, a total of 3560 participants were included.The median age was 32 years (IQR 25, 45). More than half (57.3%) of the respondents were females. Almost all (96.2%) of participants consumed vegetables and or fruits less than five times per day. Eight hundred and sixty-five (24.3%) of respondents were overweight, while 287 (8.1%) were obese. One thousand forty-one 29.24% (95% CI: 27.75–30.74) were hypertensive, of whom two-thirds (61.95%) did not know that they had hypertension. Factors significantly associated with hypertension were age 30–49 and ≥50 years (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.39–5.56) and (AOR = 8.23, 95% CI: 4.09–16.55) respectively, being male (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.18–2.99), consumed vegetables less than or equal to 3 days per week (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.21–4.93), obesity (AOR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.13–3.71), abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.10–2.64) and high triglyceride level (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.38–3.07). Conclusion In Addis Ababa, around one in three adults are hypertensive. With a large proportion, unaware of their condition. We recommend integrating regular community-based screening programs as integral parts of the health promotion and disease prevention strategies. Lifestyle interventions shall target the modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension, such as weight loss and increased vegetable consumption.

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Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan nyeri ekstremitas inferior pada guru sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Tuminting

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.10822 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elvin A. Herlambang ◽

Vanda D. Doda ◽

Helina I. S. Wungouw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Significant Risk ◽

World Health ◽

Common Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Inferior Extremity ◽

Health Organization

Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is a major cause of work-related illness and become a cost burden for individuals, industry and society in many countries and as has been acknowledged by the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the common disease of MSDs is inferior ekstremity pain. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the onset of MSDs, especially in the inferior ekstremity. This study was a cross sectional study with surveys of 282 respondents who are of primary school teachers in Tuminting. This study found that respondents experiencing inferior extremity pain as much as 94% while never experiencing inferior extremity pain as much as 6%. Significant risk factors associated with inferior extremity pain are gender and psychosocial factors that respondents felt over the last few years his work increasingly demanding (p <0.05). This result support the teoritical framework that individual factor and psikosocial factor associate with workrelated MSDs.Keywords: Inferior ekstremity pain, Risk factors, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)Abstrak: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya sakit yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan, dan menjadi beban biaya bagi individu, industri dan masyarakat di banyak negara dan telah diakui oleh United Nation dan World Health Organization (WHO). Salah satu keluhan dari MSDs adalah nyeri pada ektremitas inferior. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui faktor risiko apa saja yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya MSDs khususnya yang terjadi pada ekstremitas inferior. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan survei lapangan terhadap 282 responden yang merupakan guru sekolah dasar di kecamatan Tuminting. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan responden yang mengalami nyeri ekstremitas inferior sebanyak 94% sedangkan yang tidak pernah mengalami nyeri ekstremitas inferior sebanyak 6%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan signifikan dengan nyeri ekstremitas inferior adalah jenis kelamin dan faktor psikososial dimana responden merasakan selama beberapa tahun terakhir pekerjaannya semakin lama semakin banyak (p< 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini yaitu faktor individu dengan faktor psikososial berhubungan dengan MSDs yang disebabkan oleh kerja.Kata kunci: Nyeri ekstremitas inferior, Faktor risiko, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

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Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698943 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 141-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Prashanth Prakash ◽

Priya Subramaniam ◽

B H Durgesh ◽

Sapna Konde

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Caries

ABSTRACTObjectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a devastating form of dental decay with multi-factorial origin. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of ECC in preschool children of urban Bangalore (India)Methods: A random sample of 1,500 children aged between 8 and 48 months were selected from various parts of urban Bangalore. The status of dental caries was recorded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Information regarding oral hygiene practices, feeding habits, socio-economic status, birth weight, and educational status of the mother was obtained through a structured questionnaire given to mothers of preschool children. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 12Results: The prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 27.5%, while the mean deft was 0.854. ECC increased significantly with age. Children whose mothers had no schooling and those who belonged to low socioeconomic group showed higher caries prevalence. A significant increase in caries prevalence was found in children accustomed to the practice of on-demand breast feeding and bottle feeding at night. Caries also increased significantly when snacks were consumed between meals. However, increased frequency of tooth-brushing, parental supervision, use of a baby toothbrush, and fluoridated dentifrice significantly decreased caries prevalenceConclusion: ECC is a serious public health problem in this population and measures to increase awareness should be undertaken. The target candidates for oral health promotion programs should include mothers, general dentists, pediatricians, nurses, primary care health workers, care-takers at day-care centers and gynecologists. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:141-152)

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HAVING CONTACT HISTORY WITH TB ACTIVE CASES AND MALNUTRITION AS RISK FACTORS OF TB INCIDENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.1/art.482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 192-198

Author(s):

Frans Yosep Sitepu ◽

Wiwit Aditama ◽

Elpiani Depari

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Centers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It is carrying a heavy public health problem burden in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the risk of poor knowledge of TB, socioeconomic status, malnutrition and contact history with TB cases with the incidence of TB in Medan. This was a cross sectional study conducted between May – August 2019 in Medan municipality, in the three highest TB cases incidence public health centers (puskesmas). Structural interviews were conducted to solicit demographic data, clinical data, as well as the risk factors. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the potential risk factors associated with the infection. We enrolled 260 clinically suspected cases of TB, comprising 135 (51.9%) cases positive for TB and 125 (48.1%) cases negative for TB. In multivariate model, those who had contact history with active TB cases and those who malnourished had higher odds of having TB infection, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.58 (95%CI:3.13–9.93) and aOR: 3.36 (95%CI: 1.87–6.02), respectively. Having contact history with TB active case and malnutrition were the most significant risk factors of TB incidence in Medan municipality, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Therefore, educating patients on the importance of cough or sneezes etiquette procedures including use of face masks to minimize the risk of infection.

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Prevalence and Risk F alence and Risk Factors of Drug-induced Gingiv ors of Drug-induced Gingival Overgrowth in Hypertensive Patients

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia ◽

10.14693/jdi.v28i1.1166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haslina Taib ◽

◽

Muhammad Haziq Mohd Radzwan ◽

Muhammad Annurdin Sabaruddin ◽

Wan Majdiah Wan Mohamad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Gingival Overgrowth

Gingival overgrowth (GO) or enlargement is an unwanted effect occurring on the gingiva that commonly associated with medications. Hypertension is a global burden systemic conditions and showed high prevalent and more patients are taking antihypertensive drugs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) and its associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 42 patients with the mean age of 57.1 (SD=9.3) years had participated in this cross-sectional study. They were recruited if they had consumed anti-hypertensive agents for at least 6 months. Demographic data and oral hygiene status were recorded and the presence of DIGO was assessed based on clinical index for gingival overgrowth. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 with p< 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of patients were taking calcium channel blockers (CCB) (81.0%) with amlodipine reported as the most common antihypertensive prescribed (47.6%). About 52% presented with DIGO and among them 55.9% were in those on CCB by which 9.5% presented with clinically significant enlargement. Except for gingivitis, oral hygiene status and demographic data were not significant risk factors for DIGO (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We found that DIGO is prevalent among hypertensive patients on CCB and its occurrence is coexists with gingivitis. Therefore, periodontal assessment is recommended among these patients for early detection and management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth.

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Prevalence and Risk factors of Infertility in a Mongolian Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26781/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tuvshinbayar Negdel ◽

Khishigjargal Ulziisaikhan ◽

Davaakhuu Sengebaljir ◽

Arigbukh Enkhbat ◽

Badrakh Munkhbayar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Capital City ◽

World Health ◽

Secondary Infertility ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Infertile Patients

Abstract Background: Worldwide, the median prevalence of infertility is 9%, but rates in different countries vary from 3.5% to 16.7%. Infertility, which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the failure to conceive after 12 months of unprotected regular sexual intercourse, is not considered a medical condition but carries a social stigma and can greatly impact a couple’s self-esteem and wellbeing. There are a number of risk factors associated with infertility such as: genetic background, age, socio-economic factors, and health care including treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. We have achieved the first population-based study on the prevalence of infertility in reproductive aged women in Mongolia, and the factors that influence it.Method: We conducted a population-based, cross sectional study in 4 regions of Mongolia and the capital city, Ulaanbaatar: East, West, Central Khangai, Central, and Ulaanbaatar. Our questionnaire consisted of categories that influenced infertility such as: socio-economic status, lifestyle factors, health, reproductive history, present status and sexual function. Trained staff conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants.Results: A total of 1,920 couples residing in 4 regions of Mongolia and the capital city, Ulaanbaatar were studied. The median prevalence rate was 7.2%, which is similar to the worldwide infertility rate of 9%. Primary and secondary infertility was 2.5% and 5% respectively. Sexual transmitted diseases (STIs) contributed to secondary infertility. Our study showed that the most important risk factors for infertility were rural living and low levels of education. Only 14.8% of infertile patients received hormone therapy, and even fewer infertile patients (0.8%) received in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.Conclusions: Our study shows that two most significant risk factors for infertility were: reliving in rural communities and having a low level of education. Occupational conditions, and monthly household income were not significant risk factors for infertility. Since this is the first population-based study in Mongolia we were not able to measure trends in infertility prevalence but intend to do so in the future.

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Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in district Swat Pakistan

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.548 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sohail Akhtar ◽

Syed Wadood Ali Shah ◽

Saleem Javed ◽

Ayisham Alina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Fast Blood Glucose ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes and its associated risk factors in adult population. Methods: The cross-sectional population-based study was conducted from January to March 2018 in urban and rural areas of Swat, Pakistan, and comprised subjects aged 20-89 years. After a minimum 10-hour overnight fast, blood glucose was tested for pre-diabetes and diabetes according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 1447 subjects, 837 (58%) were females and 610 (42%) males. The largest age group was 20-29 years with 322 (22.3) subjects. Pre-diabetes was found in 309 (21.4%) subjects and diabetes in 138 (9.52%). Higher age, urbanisation, family history of diabetes, weight, exercise, hypertension, monthly income and education were found to be significant risk factors for pre-diabetes and diabetes (p<0.05). Conclusion: Every 10th resident of Swat was found to have diabetes, and every one in five had pre-diabetes. Key Words: Prevalence, Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, District Swat, Pakistan. Continuous...

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Breakfast Skipping Is an Independent Predictor of Obesity but not Overweight Among Children in a Southeastern European Population

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000272 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (5-6) ◽

pp. 242-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Genc Burazeri ◽

Jolanda Hyska ◽

Iris Mone ◽

Enver Roshi

Keyword(s):

Task Force ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

European Population ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Communist Country ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breakfast Skipping

Abstract.Aim: To assess the association of breakfast skipping with overweight and obesity among children in Albania, a post-communist country in the Western Balkans, which is undergoing a long and difficult political and socioeconomic transition towards a market-oriented economy. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out in Albania in 2013 including a representative sample of 5810 children aged 7.0 – 9.9 years (49.5% girls aged 8.4 ± 0.6 years and 51.5% boys aged 8.5 ± 0.6 years; overall response rate: 97%). Children were measured for height and weight, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Cut-off BMI values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used to define overweight and obesity in children. Demographic data were also collected. Results: Upon adjustment for age, sex, and place of residence, breakfast skipping was positively related to obesity (WHO criteria: OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; IOTF criteria: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.5), but not overweight (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.3 and OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.4, respectively). Furthermore, breakfast skipping was associated with a higher BMI (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07). Conclusions: Our findings point to a strong and consistent positive relationship between breakfast skipping and obesity, but not overweight, among children in this transitional southeastern European population. Future studies in Albania and other transitional settings should prospectively examine the causal role of breakfast skipping in the development of overweight and obesity.

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Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal schistosomiasis and human fascioliasis among school children in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-021-00326-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teshome Bekana ◽

Nega Berhe ◽

Tadesse Eguale ◽

Mulugeta Aemero ◽

Girmay Medhin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

Regional State ◽

Human Fascioliasis

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis and fascioliasis are digenean parasitic infections and are among the neglected tropical diseases that have both medical and veterinary importance. They are found mainly in areas having limited access to safe water supply and improved sanitation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola species infections and to identify associated risk factors among school children in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Stool specimens were collected from 798 children (419 males, 379 females) and processed using Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration techniques. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and other exposure information to explore potential risk factors for the infections. Results The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and Fasciola species infections was 25.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22.5-28.6) and 5.5% (95% CI: 3.9-7.1), respectively. S. mansoni was present in all surveyed schools with the prevalence ranging from 12.8% (16/125; 95% CI = 5.6-20.0) to 39.7% (64/161; 95% CI = 32.2-47.2) while Fasciola species was identified in five schools with the prevalence ranging from 2.5% (4/160; 95% CI = 0.001–4.9) to 9.8% (13/133; 95% CI = 4.7–14.8). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was significantly associated with swimming in rivers (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.79, 95% CI, 1.22–2.62; P=0.003), bathing in open freshwater bodies (AOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.39–2.94; P<0.001) and engaging in irrigation activities (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.39; P=0.004), and was higher in children attending Addis Mender (AOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.20–5.46; P=0.015 ) and Harbu schools (AOR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.64–7.59; P=0.001). Fasciola species infection was significantly associated with consumption of raw vegetables (AOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.23-4.97; P=0.011) and drinking water from unimproved sources (AOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.11–4.70; P=0.026). Conclusion Both intestinal schistosomiasis and human fascioliasis are prevalent in the study area, affecting school children. Behaviors and access to unimproved water and sanitation are among significant risk factors. The findings are instrumental for targeted interventions.

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