Analysis of COVID-19 Spike protein mutations and their effects on its affinity towards human cell receptors
Abstract The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) is a member of the family Coronaviridae and contains a single-stranded RNA genome with positive-polarity. In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of the SARS-CoV2 genome, in particular its spike protein; the main driving force for host recognition, we conducted a comparative analysis with Coronaviruses of different strains, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV1 and Pangolin Coronavirus. In addition, a comparative analysis between the newly sequenced SARS-CoV2 from different regions of the world has been carried out in order to understand the evolution of this novel virus throughout its transmission. Among all sequenced strains, the latest France HCoV was the least identical to the reference. Further investigations have therefore been performed and it has been concluded that this strain has undergone mutations which have increased its binding affinity to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, thus hypothetically increasing its infectivity.