Qualitative Study on Male Nursing Students’ Cognition of Nine-Valent Preventive Vaccine

Objective: To investigate the cognition degree of male nursing students to HPV and nine-valent vaccine and the influencing factors of male willingness to receive nine-valent HPV vaccine. Methods: Qualitative research semi-structured interview was conducted on male nursing students, and phenomenological research method was used to record, ran scribe, encode and classify the interview data and extract the topic. The number of interviews was determined according to the information saturation. Results: Seven themes were summarized in this study, which were mainly divided into two aspects. The promotion of vaccination includes two aspects: self-benefit and benefit of others. The prevention of vaccination mainly includes low awareness rate, feminization of vaccine information, high cost and safety and effectiveness. Conclusion: Male nursing students have low cognition degree and inoculation intention to human papillomavirus and nine-valent vaccine, so it is necessary to further strengthen publicity and carry out college education to improve vaccination.

Differences and Similarities between Coronaviruses: A Comparative Review

Today, humans fight powerful and active viruses that never take hold and do not know defeat, named coronaviruses. These viruses have start in 2002 and continued to grow and have changed their chains dramatically until now. They are known for having many similar features in common, and there are also structural differences between them. The most important reason that has turned coronaviruses into a pandemic is that this disease is easily transmitted by droplets near infected people, which leads to the spread of this virus faster worldwide. The more details known about coronaviruses that have profoundly affected humanity in the past and present and the diseases they cause, the more benefit in help designing an immune response or preventive vaccine to these viruses in the near future. In this article, coronaviruses, how they have been started and spread, and what differences and similarities are between them will be briefly covered here. The information of this investigation is taken from articles and the world health organization and are reviewed here. The goal is to document this information for future reference.

HLA Does Not Impact on Short-Medium-Term Antibody Response to Preventive Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine

The response to anti-SARS-Cov-2 preventive vaccine shows high interpersonal variability at short and medium term. One of the explanations might be the individual HLA allelic variants. Indeed, B cell response is stimulated and sustained by CD4+ T helper cells activated by antigens presented by HLA-class II alleles on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The impact of the number of antigens binding to HLA class-II alleles on the antibody response to the COVID vaccine has been assessed in a cohort of 56 healthcare workers who received the full schedule of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Such vaccine is based on the entire spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2. Ab titers have been evaluated 2 weeks after the first dose as well as 2 weeks and 4 months after the boosting dose. HLA-DRB1 and DBQ1 for each of the vaccinees have been assessed, and strong binders have been predicted. The analysis showed no significant correlation between the short-medium-term Ab titers and the number of strong binders (SB) for each individual. These results indicate that levels of Ab response to the spike glycoprotein is not dependent on HLA class II allele, suggesting an equivalent efficacy at global level of the currently used vaccines. Furthermore, the pattern of persistence in Ab titer does not correlate with specific alleles or with the number of SBs.

Sentidos del ocio infantil y desarrollo

Resumen: El sentido del ocio infantil que va asociado al desarrollo personal y social es un tema poco o nada estudiado. No por eso deja de ser clave, tanto para el esclarecimiento de las acciones educativas de padres y educadores como de determinadas políticas de gestión comunitaria. A partir de esta cuestión de fondo se reflexiona aquí, con el apoyo de distintos recursos: el conocimiento del autor sobre ocio y desarrollo humano, asunto sobre el que ha investigado y promovido proyectos durante cerca de 20 años; la experiencia de su vida y otras aportaciones relacionadas con la investigación empírica del autor y otros autores de referencia en los Estudios de Ocio. El texto analiza cuatro ámbitos diferenciados de la relación entre el ocio infantil y su aporte al desarrollo integral: el biológico y personal; aquel en el que es causa de mejora de capacidades; el asociado a los fundamentos del ocio adulto y, finalmente, el que se vincula a la toma de conciencia sobre el ocio como vacuna preventiva de los llamados “ocios nocivos”. Estas cuatro consideraciones se abordan a partir de dos vertientes del ocio valioso sobre las que se estructura la reflexión, recreación y re-creación. Palabras clave: Ocio valioso, desarrollo humano, recreación, re-creación. Abstract: The meaning of children's leisure associated with personal and social development is a topic that has been little or not at all studied, despite being key both to the clarification of the educational actions of parents and educators and to certain community management policies. Here we reflect on this fundamental question from different resources: the author's knowledge about leisure and human development, a subject on which he has researched and promoted projects for nearly 20 years, his life experience, and other contributions related to the empirical research of the author and other well-known authors in the field of Leisure Studies. The text analyses the relationship between children's leisure and its possible contribution to their integral development considering: i) the biological and personal dimension; ii) the improvement in abilities; iii) the area associated with the foundations of adult leisure and, finally, iv) the area linked to awareness of leisure as a preventive vaccine for so-called “harmful leisure”. These four considerations are approached from two spheres of valuable leisure: recreation and re-creation. Key words: Valuable leisure, human development, recreation, re-creation.

Stepwise Conformational Stabilization of a HIV-1 Clade C Consensus Envelope Trimer Immunogen Impacts the Profile of Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses

Stabilization of the HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) in its native pre-fusion closed conformation is regarded as one of several requirements for the induction of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses, which, in turn, will most likely be a prerequisite for the development of an efficacious preventive vaccine. Here, we systematically analyzed how the stepwise stabilization of a clade C consensus (ConC) Env immunogen impacts biochemical and biophysical protein traits such as antigenicity, thermal stability, structural integrity, and particle size distribution. The increasing degree of conformational rigidification positively correlates with favorable protein characteristics, leading to optimized homogeneity of the protein preparations, increased thermal stability, and an overall favorable binding profile of structure-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and non-neutralizing antibodies (non-nAbs). We confirmed that increasing the structural integrity and stability of the Env trimers positively correlates with the quality of induced antibody responses by the immunogens. These and other data contribute to the selection of ConCv5 KIKO as novel Env immunogens for use within the European Union’s H2020 Research Consortium EHVA (European HIV Alliance) for further preclinical analysis and phase 1 clinical development.

Studies of Melody Efficacy Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 are Closing COVID-19 Pandemic Doors? Single Dose is Recommended as Therapeutic Drug and Two Doses Application as Preventive Vaccine

In vitro studies provide data that is important for proof-of-concept determination, function validation, and peer review manuscript preparation, FDA applications and clinical trials. Our in vitro studies of Melody efficacy as a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 were made in five cell cultures (BEAS-2B, HUVEC, HMEC-1, HEK293 and WM266), where the dead cell number monitored by using flow cytometry. Melody’s efficacy was tested by incubating melody RpA (RNA-peptide A) and melody RpAB (RNA-peptide AB). Both incubations were pending 16 hours with melody Lethal Concentration 50 % (LC50 µg/µL), which was determinated in a toxicological assay in the five cell cultures as previously described. Our conclusion was focused to understand the statistical difference in LC50 in order to estimate the melody preventive efficacity as vaccine in “In vitro” test. In the present study, the preventive efficacy values obtained in the five cell lines differ statistically between the value of two doses when compared with a single or three doses, p=5.321. These results suggested that the application of two doses is more effective. We used the Student’s t-test with n=6 to calculate p-value according to mRNA avian coronavirus action after one, two and three doses incubations of mRNA-peptide-A (melody therapeutic) of 16 hours. Our conclusion was focused to understand the statistical difference in LC50 in order to estimate the melody therapeutic efficacity as vaccine in “In vitro” test in cell lines (BEAS-2B, HUVEC, HMEC-1, HEK293 and WM-266). Results: Melody Therapeutic Efficacity was found to be 93.82% with using a single dose. Meanwhile, Melody Preventive Efficacity was found as 92.53% with using two doses. The therapeutic efficacy values obtained in the five cell lines in this study did not vary statistically significantly between the three doses used, p**=0.004. As a result, the Melody application of a single dose is recommended as therapeutic drug and two doses application as preventive vaccine.

Analysis of Strategies for Preventing and Controlling the Chikungunya Virus

Alternatives to stop chikungunya outbreaks are oriented to vector control and developing a specific treatment and a preventive vaccine. Environmental control and mosquito bite prevention are undoubtedly essential to decrease the disease burden, but Aedes vectors continue to expand geographically and re-emerge. So, vaccination is proposed to respond to this etiology and recognized as a pressing need for affected countries. A mathematical host-vector model, including asymptomatic population, vector control, and vaccination (assuming the existence of a safe protective vaccine against the chikungunya virus), is suggested to analyze the effects of these efforts. Poisson distribution is applied to interpret the basic reproduction number. Then vaccination and vector control thresholds are established to prescribe the most effective protection measures against exposure to the chikungunya virus. In conclusion, it is advisable to continue with integrated control to reduce the economic impact of relevant public health responses and mitigate other infections since Aedes is a transmitter of other arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and Mayaro. Furthermore, vaccinating all individuals in a community could be a costly and gradual process.

What is Cancer Vaccine? Does it prevent Cancer?

Cancer vaccine is a very common term for many people after FDA approved theTriple Negative Breast Cancer based vaccine of Cleveland Clinic, USA. So what is aCancer Vaccine and do it prevent cancer. Lets discuss these in this article.First Cancer Vaccine is not a preventive vaccine, its a therapeutic vaccine. What doesit means? It means it will increase the immunity against the tumor cells i.e its a partof immuno-targeted therapy. Now how does it works?Basic mechanism is the process to increase the amount of T cells against TumorAssociated Antigen (TAA). Mostly DNA/RNA/DC/CART are used to activate MHCI and II and thus increase CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic T cells Or use somemodified peptide or virus (Oncolytic Vaccine) to get the same mechanism.