Differences in clinicopathological features and molecular phenotype of breast carcinoma between patients younger than 40 years and those who are older: A study from Pakistan

Abstract Background The debate whether breast cancer in women under 40 years of age is distinct from breast cancer in women above 40 is still inconclusive with various published studies providing conflicting evidence. The majority of studies however suggest that breast cancer in younger women (< 40) is more aggressive with worse clinicopathological features. However, the issue is by no means settled and a number of studies are still going on. Our objective was to analyze different clinicopathological variables and determine whether statistically significant differences are present between those under 40 and those above 40 years of age. The present paper contributes to this debate by reporting our findings. Methods Descriptive cross sectional study of 482 breast cancer cases reported between January and December 31, 2016 which included 380 patients (above 40 years of age) and 102 (under 40 years of age). Variables included grade, stage, axillary lymph node metastases, lymphovascular invasion and molecular groups. p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results Over 21% patients were younger than 40 years. Differences in histologic grade, stages of T1, T2, and T4, Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) status, Her2neu status, triple negativity and molecular groups between patients younger than 40 years and those older than 40 years were statistically insignificant. Differences in stage T3, axillary metastases and lymphovascular invasion were statistically significant. Conclusion Statistically significant differences were noted in some clinicopathological variables. Majority of variables indicating more aggressive disease were seen in patients older than 40 years of age. Additional studies with larger number of patients under 40 years of age are required to resolve the issue conclusively so that young women with breast cancer are not treated too aggressively unless there is unequivocal statistical evidence that breast cancer is more aggressive in patients under 40 years of age.

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THE RELATION OF COPPING STRATEGY BY LOOKING SOCIAL SUPPORT WITH STRESS LEVEL OF BREAST CANCER PATIENT WHO GONE TROUGH CHEMOTHERAPY

Elevate The International Journal of Nursing Education Practice and Research ◽

10.25077/elevate.1.1.51-54.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

Sri Burhani Putri

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Social Support ◽

Cancer Patient ◽

Breast Cancer Patient ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Spiritual Support ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breast Cancer Chemotherapy ◽

Patient Stress

Breast cancer is one of the most common illness that killed woman. One of the therapy to cure breast cancer is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has side effect either physical and psychology, that caused people who’s in chemo therapy, prone to stress. Stress effected by many factors, such as characteristic and chopping strategy that patient has been using. The aim of this research is to get a perspective about the relation of characteristic and chopping strategy with breast cancer patient stress, whose in chemo therapy. This research using cross sectional study and taking sample by using accidental sampling method. The data analyzed by using bavariat and multivariat with variable result shows that breast cancer patient stress who has chemo therapy realted to age characteristic (p value = 0.00) the time since they diagnosed with cancer (pvalue = 0.03), how long they have chemo therapy (pvalue = 0.00) and chopping strategyby looking social support (pvalue = 0.00) looking for spiritual (pvalue = 0.00) with dominan variable which related to stress is chopping strategy to looking spiritual support (coeffecients B = -1.139). Key words : Breast cancer, chemotherapy, stress

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High expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67 associated with functional/dysfunctional phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes among Chinese patients with operable breast cancer

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518799567 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 5219-5227 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruibin Wang ◽

Feng Shi ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Yanjie Zhao ◽

Guangjiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽

E Cadherin

Objective Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in women in China, and the clinicopathological features differ from those in Western patients. This study was performed to investigate the distribution of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)+/PD-1− tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and its association with clinicopathological features among Chinese patients with breast cancer. Methods In total, 133 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer were recruited into this cross-sectional study from 2012 to 2013. TILs were measured by cell counts under high-power fields (HPFs). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the microenvironment. Results The median cell counts of the overall TILs, PD-1+ TILs, and PD-1− TILs were 80, 18, and 55/HPF, respectively. The number of PD-1− TILs was significantly lower in older than younger patients (50 vs. 60/HPF). Patients with positive E-cadherin expression had more PD-1− TILs than patients with negative E-cadherin expression (57 vs. 27/HPF). The Ki-67 index was positively correlated with the cell counts of PD-1+ TILs, and the correlation coefficient was 0.29. Conclusions PD-1 expression on TILs had different clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with breast cancer. E-Cadherin expression was associated with PD-1− TILs; however, Ki-67 expression was associated with PD-1+ TILs.

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Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of post-surgical cases of invasive breast cancer among ethnicities of Iran in 2018: A single center cross-sectional study

Archive of oncology ◽

10.2298/aoo190626007s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Soheila Sayad ◽

Seyyed Ahmadi ◽

Reza Nekouian ◽

Mahshid Panahi ◽

Khatereh Anbari

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Invasive Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Single Center ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Familial History ◽

Number Of Patients

Background: Present study aimed to investigate immunohistochemical parameters in post-surgical cases of invasive breast cancer. Methods: In this single center cross-sectional study we investigated ethnicity, familial history, type of cancer, stage of cancer, lymph node positivity, bilateral involvement, metastasis and immunohistochemical parameters (estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, as well as frequency of triple positive and triple negative patients merely based on immunohistochemical parameters). Results: Frequency of positive familial history was 27.42% (16.31-38.52%). Lymph node involvement was detected in 55.93% (43.26-68.60%) of the cases. Frequency of positive HER2 was 38.60% (25.96-51.23%). There were 17.54% (7.67-27.42%) of triple positive and 7.02% (0.39-13.65%) of triple negative cases. The most common stage at the time of diagnosis was stage 3 with 43.33% (30.79-55.87%) frequency. In Lur/Lak population higher frequency of positive HER2 cases was detected whereas in Mazani population frequency of positive HER2 cases was low (p=0.0291). Conclusions: These results could contribute to understanding of breast cancer patterns among different ethnicities. In order to draw clear conclusion future investigations have to be done in several health centers, for longer time periods and with larger number of patients.

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Association between axillary lymph node involvement and clinicopathological features of breast cancer among Indonesian women

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.193306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 32-7

Author(s):

Dody Novrial ◽

Gita Nawangtantrini ◽

Hidayat Sulistyo ◽

Henida Dwi Sari ◽

Wahyu Djatmiko

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Predictive Factors ◽

Axillary Lymph Node ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Tumor Stage ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Some clinicopathological features play roles in the spread of breast cancer to axillary lymph node (ALN). However, their roles as predictive factors are not well-established. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the clinicopathological features of breast cancer and the risk of ALN involvement in Indonesian women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Margono Soekarjo Hospital using archival data from January 2017 to June 2018. All subjects with breast cancer who had undergone modified radical mastectomies without any evidence of distant metastasis were included. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to assess the relationship between ALN involvement and age, menopausal status, laterality, tumor size, tumor stage, histological type, tumor grade, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), skin or nipple infiltration, perineural invasion, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. The odds ratio of each variable was evaluated using ordinal regression analysis. RESULTS Stage 3 breast cancer had the worst status of ALN involvement compared with stage 1 (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 1.51–8.08) and stage 2 (OR = 3.04; 95% CI = 1.32–6.98). Likewise, positive LVSI also had the worst status of ALN involvement compared with negative LVSI (OR = 8.68; 95% CI = 4.23–17.81). CONCLUSIONS Tumor stage and LVSI could be considered as independent predictive factors of ALN involvement in patients with breast cancer, especially among Indonesian women.

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COMPARISON OF MANIFESTATIONS OF GIARDIA AND ASCARIS INFESTATIONS BETWEEN BOTH GENDERS PRESENTING WITH DIARRHEA

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v70i6.2798 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1681-85

Author(s):

Kanwal Jehanzeb ◽

Zia Ul Haq ◽

Saeed Zaman Khattak ◽

Sajid Ali Shah ◽

Munir Akmal Lodhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Worm Infestation ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Common Parasite

Objective: To assess the occurrence and intensity of Giardia and Ascaris infestations in children of both genders reporting with diarrhea. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Paediatrics department, Combined Military Hospital, Gilgit, from Jul 2016 to Jul2018. Methodology: Patients of either gender with worm infestation were included in the study. Patients more than13 years old were excluded. The sampling technique used was non probability consecutive sampling. The stoolexamination (R/E) for the diagnosis of worm infestation was done. Stratification was done with regards to age,mother education, gender, type of water used and post stratification chi square test was applied. p-value was0.613 when calculated for the manifestation between both genders. p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total number of patients in our study was 100. Among them, males were 65 (65%) and females were 35(35%). Mean age of patients in our study was 4.20 ± 2.61 years (Mean ± SD). Abdominal pain being most common symptom in 43 (43%) of patients. Majority of the patients were from 2 to 10 years of age, 79 (79%). Helminthic infestation was the most common observed in 52 (52%) whereas Protozoal infestation was observed in 48 (48%) patients. The most common parasite isolated was Giardia 41 (41%) followed by Ascaris 36 (36%). p-value of 0.613 was found between both gender. Conclusion: In our study Helminthic infestation was more common. The most common parasite isolated wasGiardia followed by Ascaris.

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Women’s attitude towards breast cancer in Baghdad city, Iraq

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1800

Author(s):

Tiba Nezar Hasan ◽

Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽

Hasanain Faisal Ghazi ◽

Mohd Rohaizat Hassan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Education And Health ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Health Promotions ◽

Working Status ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all over the world. The aim of this study was to measure the attitude of women regarding breast cancer and its associated factors in Baghdad city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 508 women aged 18 years old and above recruited randomly from 4 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Baghdad City during 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. Results: A total of 66.1% had a good attitude, the association between attitude and marital status, education was not significant, while working status was significant with P value of 0.001. After controlling for other cofounders, the contributors for poor attitude were not working, P value of 0.002 and adjusted odds ratio of 2.08. Conclusions: The attitude among the respondents still considered not good as almost one-thirds of the respondents had poor attitude. The most important contributor to poor attitude was working status. More education and health promotions need to be done among general population to educate them regarding breast cancer in Baghdad City, Iraq.

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