Assessment of heavy metals contamination in soils in the Beskidy mountain forests and their potential impact on soil enzyme activities and microbial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Borgulat ◽  
Anna Borgulat ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha ◽  
Marta Kandziora-Ciupa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Metabolism ◽  
Soil Enzymes Activity

Abstract The research was carried out in the Beskid Śląski and Beskid Żywiecki mountains which were affected, among others, by air pollution from the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, the largest industrial zone in Poland. The aim of the study was to assess the heavy metal load in the soils of the studied area and to determine their potential impact on soil metabolism. The research was carried out on 6 permanent sites. For each site, the total content of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was determined for three soil levels (A, B and C). Moreover, the following were determined: total nitrogen, organic carbon, pH and soil moisture and the amount of heavy metals in soil solutions. The metabolic activity of the soil was assessed by measuring: soil enzymes activity, soil respiration and by studying community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog ECO-plates. In the case of Pb and Cd their increased content in the topsoil was found, which indicates their anthropogenic origin. Statistical analysis showed that in the case of very acidic forest soil even slightly elevated lead level probably can affect the functional biodiversity of soil microorganisms. The study showed that it is not easy to assess the impact of heavy metals on soil metabolism. Some indicators such as the activity of soil enzymes used individually may not be sufficient to illustrate the changes occurring in the soil environment.

scholarly journals Influence of lead on the activity of soil microorganisms in two Beskidy landscape parks

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Borgulat ◽  
Włodzimierz Łukasik ◽  
Anna Borgulat ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha ◽  
Marta Kandziora-Ciupa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Biolog System ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Soil Metabolism

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the potential impact of lead on soil metabolism in two landscape parks localized in the Beskid Śląski and Beskid Żywiecki mountains which were affected, among others, by air pollution from the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, the largest industrial zone in Poland. The study was carried out in six locations with different lead levels in the soil environment. Each plot was equipped with four pairs of vacuum ceramic lysimeters to assess the mobility of Pb in the soil. The metabolic activity was assessed by measuring: soil enzyme activity, soil respiration and by studying community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog EcoPlates technique. The soil to the examination was collected near the stands with the lysimeters from two soil horizons (A and B layer). The analyses carried out showed that the factors that had the greatest influence on lead mobility were the organic carbon content and the soil pH. The elevated lead level in the topsoil (layer A) could affect the functional biodiversity of soil microorganisms, but low soil pH was a more likely limiting factor. In the subsoil (layer B), lower lead content was found and its probable effect on soil microbial activity was small. In summary, it can be concluded that the assessment of the influence of heavy metals on soil metabolism is not easy, and the Biolog system has proven to be a sensitive tool for assessing the potential impact of heavy metals on the soil environment.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem under conditions of agrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Alexey Kucherenko ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a long-term study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem of agrocenoses in southern zone of Rostov Region. The impact of various agricultural technologies traditional (using moldboard ploughing) and resource-saving (minimum and No-till) on accumulation and mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem in winter wheat cultivation is considered. The total content of Pb, Zn, Cu in the winter wheat areas corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. Low mobility of elements (Pb 2.0-3.0%; Zn and Cu up to 1.0% as a percentage of their total forms) is a regional soil feature. In addition, the low availability of Zn and Cu in soils is due to their removal with the crops in the absence of micronutrient fertilizer replenishment. The significant role of soil organic matter in the accumulation of both total and mobile forms of heavy metals in soil has been confirmed. The intensity of the cultivation methods used has a significant effect on the total content of Zn, Cu and on the mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem.

scholarly journals Monitoring Soil Enzymes Activity before and after Animal Manure Application

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Antonious ◽  
Eric T. Turley ◽  
Mohammad H. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Enzymes Activity

Soil enzymes (urease, invertase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) activity in the rhizosphere of field-grown tomato plants were used to monitor the impact of soil amendments (SA) and SA mixed with biochar on soil microbial activity four months after addition of amendments. The soil treatments were sewage sludge (SS); horse manure (HM); chicken manure (CM); vermicompost (worm castings); commercial inorganic fertilizer; commercial organic fertilizer; and no-mulch (NM) native soil used for comparison purposes. Soil treatments also were mixed with 10% (w/w) biochar to investigate the impact of biochar on soil enzymes activity. The results showed a significant increase in soil urease and invertase activities after incorporation of SA to native soil. Vermicompost and HM were superior in increasing urease and invertase activity four months after their addition to native soil. Alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated among the soil treatments, revealing some obstruction of its activity. SS amended with biochar increased acid phosphatase activity by 115% four months after SS addition. Other than alkaline phosphatase, organic manure enhanced soil biological activity (microbial biomass and release of enzymes), indicating that the use of manures, rather than inorganic fertilizers, in crop production is an affordable and sustainable agricultural production system.

Heavy Metals Speciation of Size-fractionated Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System Using Sequential Extraction Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kojima ◽  
I. Kasuga ◽  
F. Kurisu ◽  
H. Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
The Impact

Sediments deposited in sewer pipes have been concerned as one of the main pollution loads from combined sewer overflow (CSO). Since the toxicity, mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals depend on their speciation, it is necessary to consider not only their amounts but also their speciation to evaluate the adverse effects on aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Sequential extraction method was applied to the size-fractionated sediments to evaluate heavy metal speciation. Although the speciation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb differed among sampling points as well as their contents, the content of easily exchangeable fraction was strongly correlated with total content for all the metals except for Cu. The result of heavy metals speciation revealed that Ni, Zn and Pb in combined sewer sediments could have high mobility potential. The result of size-fractionated sediments indicated that the contents and mobility potential of the heavy metals were larger as particle size was finer. Thus, it is important to control fine sediments in combined sewer to reduce the impact of CSO pollution.

scholarly journals The Effect of Amending Soil with Waste Elemental Sulfur on the Availability of Selected Macroelements and Heavy Metals

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Monika Tabak ◽  
Aneta Lisowska ◽  
Barbara Filipek-Mazur ◽  
Jacek Antonkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sulfur Addition ◽  
The Impact

Elemental sulfur of waste origin may be a valuable sulfur source for plants. However, assessing the suitability of environmental use of a waste material should confirm there is no harmful effect of the material on soil environment. The purpose of the incubation experiment was to assess the availability of selected elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) in soils supplemented with waste elemental sulfur. The research was conducted on two soils: light and heavy, and with three sulfur doses applied to each soil. Available forms of elements in the soils were extracted 60 days after the waste introduction, with three reagents: 0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2, Mehlich 3 and 1 mol L−1 HCl. Additionally, to determine the impact of the introduced sulfur on soil acidification, soil pH was periodically checked during the experiment. The sulfur addition intensified acidification of the light soil, and, to a lesser extent, of the heavy soil. The acidifying effect was stronger when the sulfur dose was higher. The content of available forms of elements in the soils depended mainly on the strength of the used extractants (generally, the highest amounts were extracted with 1 mol L−1 HCl and the lowest with 0.01 mol L−1 CaCl2). The effect of sulfur introduction on element availability was small. No harmful effect on element availability in soils was stated.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Geochemical Anomalies in the Zone of Impact of Slag Residuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Stepanova ◽  
E.V. Yakovleva ◽  
A.V. Pisareva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Slag Dump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The 13-year-old (from 2003 to 2016) dynamics of soil contamination for the content of heavy metals in the area of the village of Bolshoye Dumchino of the Mtsensk District in the territory adjacent to the slag dump of Mtsensk Foundry was studied. It is shown that on the territory of the placement of slag residuals a techno geochemical anomaly is formed, in which the contained heavy metals are of technogenic and genetic (natural geochemical) nature. To identify the effect of anthropogenic factor on soil pollution with heavy metals, was determined the refined enrichment factor of heavy metals (EFHM) in light gray forest soils at different distances from the slag dump, allowing to calculate the proportion of technogeneity of metals as a percentage of its total content. The technogenic origin of heavy metals as pollutants and the role of humus soil horizons in fixing these metals in the soil profile have been proven. Analysis of the results characterizing the degree of enrichment of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils with heavy metals for the period 2003–2016 convincingly proves the effect of maximum accumulation of slag residuals in the dump on the accumulation intensity and fixation of the studied metals, both in the upper humus layer and their distribution in the profile soil. The established patterns in changing the degree of enrichment and technogenicity of heavy metals in the profile of light-gray forest soil are caused not only by the impact of the slag dump as a source of pollution, but also by the peculiarities of using the soils of the studied territories. It is shown that the toxic load for the analyzed period not only did not decrease, but even increased.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEADOW-CHESTNUT SOIL OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Z.A. Tukenova ◽  
◽  
A.E. Amangeldy ◽  
T.A. Bazarbayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an ecological assessment of the impact of heavy metals on the biological properties of meadow chestnut trees in the southeast of Kazakhstan. The paper presents data on the study of the effect of heavy metals on the biological activity of soils. A review of literature data on the content of heavy metals in the environment is given, and the negative impact of some of them on the biological properties of meadow-chestnut soil is described. The species of soil invertebrates were identified, as well as soil enzymes that should be used as bioindicators for monitoring the contamination of meadow-chestnut soils with heavy metals. The results obtained will expand knowledge about changes in the biological activity of meadow-chestnut soils under the influence of HM pollution in the ecosystems of southeastern Kazakhstan.

Агрономическая эффективность промышленной (голландской) технологии возделывания картофеля

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coy ◽  
A.V. Shuravilin ◽  
O.A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния промышленной технологии возделывания картофеля на развитие, урожайность и качество продукции. Выявлена положительная реакция растений на подкормку K2SO4 в период посадки. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ урожайности и качества клубней выявил высокую степень достоверности результатов опыта. Содержание нитратов и тяжелых металлов в клубнях было ниже допустимых величин.The results of studies on the impact of industrial technology of potato cultivation on growth, yield and quality of products. There was a positive response of plants to fertilizer K2SO4 in the period of planting. Correlation and regression analysis of yield and quality of tubers revealed a high degree of reliability of the results of experience. The contents of nitrates and heavy metals in tubers was below the permissible values.

A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF DEFORMABLE HEAT-RESISTANT HIGH-CHROMIUM NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS FOR WELDED PARTS. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ben Nengjun ◽  
Zhou Pengfei ◽  
Oleksandr Labartkava ◽  
Mykhailo Samokhin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Tcp Phases ◽  
The Impact

This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.

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