scholarly journals Selection for Low-cadmium Cultivars and Cadmium Subcellular Distribution Comparison between Two Selected Cultivars of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Shen ◽  
Hui-Ling Fu ◽  
Qiong Liao ◽  
Bai-Fei Huang ◽  
Ying-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Transport ◽  
Edible Parts ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Abstract Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in vegetables poses a serious threat to human health; therefore, it is urgent to screen and cultivate vegetable cultivars with low Cd accumulation in the edible parts. Eggplant has a high tendency for Cd accumulation, but research on its low Cd accumulation cultivars is still rare. In this study, to screen low-Cd cultivars, 30 eggplant cultivars were screened using soils containing 0.22 mg/kg, 2.9 mg/kg (low-Cd), and 4.7 mg/kg of Cd (high-Cd). MYCQ and ZGQ were confirmed as low-Cd cultivars, BXGZ and WCCQ were confirmed as high-Cd cultivars, and a 2.52–3.88 fold difference in Cd concentration was observed in their fruits. The subcellular distribution revealed that the root cell wall and vacuole Cd concentrations of a typical low-Cd cultivar (MYCQ) were significantly higher than those of a typical high-Cd cultivar (BXGZ); however, the Cd concentrations in the cell wall and vacuole in fruits, leaves, and stems were significantly lower in MYCQ than in BXGZ. These results indicated that the low-Cd cultivars of eggplant could lessen Cd toxicity through the elevated Cd retention and sequestration levels of root cell walls and vacuoles, thus reducing Cd transport from roots to aboveground tissues, leading to low Cd accumulation. The findings of this study can provide a physiological and biochemical foundation for the screening and breeding of low-Cd cultivars of fruit vegetables and demonstrates that the application of low-Cd cultivars is necessary for food safety in humans.

scholarly journals 1Selenium supply alters the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium and the expression of transporter genes involved in cadmium uptake and translocation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Zhu ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Zhaojun Nie ◽  
Huazhong Shi ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cd Distribution

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops affects the yield and quality of crops and harms human health. The application of selenium (Se) can reduce the absorption and transport of Cd in winter wheat. Results The results showed that increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration and accumulation in the shoot and root of winter wheat and the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd. Se application increased the root length, surface area and root volume but decreased the average root diameter. Increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration in the cell wall, soluble fraction and cell organelles in root and shoot. An increase in Se supply inhibited Cd distribution in the organelles of shoot and root but enhanced Cd distribution in the soluble fraction of shoot and the cell wall of root. The Se supply also decreased the proportion of active Cd (ethanol-extractable (FE) Cd and deionized water-extractable (FW) Cd) in root. In addition, the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 significantly increased with increasing Cd concentration in root, and the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root was downregulated by increasing Se supply, regardless of Se supply or Cd stress. The expression of TaHMA3-b in root was significantly downregulated by 10 μM Se at both the 5 μM and 25 μM Cd level but upregulated by 5 μM Se at the 25 μM Cd level. The expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 in shoot was downregulated by increasing Se supply at 5 μM Cd level, and 5 μM Se upregulated the expression of those genes in shoot at 25 μM Cd level. Conclusions The results confirm that Se application limits Cd accumulation in wheat by regulating the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in winter wheat tissues, as well as the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root.

scholarly journals 1 Selenium Supply Alters Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Forms of Cadmium and Expression of Transporter Genes Involved in Cadmium Uptake and Translocation in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Zhu ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Zhaojun Nie ◽  
Huazhong Shi ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Application Limit

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops will affect the yield and quality of crops, and also harm human health. The application of selenium (Se) can reduce the absorption and transport of Cd in winter wheat. Results The result showed that increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and roots of winter wheat, and the root to shoot translocation of Cd. The Se supply increased the root length, surface area and root volume, but decreased the root average diameter. Increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration in cell wall, soluble fraction and cell organelle in roots and shoots. An increase of Se supply inhibited Cd distribution in the organelle of shoot and root, but enhanced Cd distribution in the soluble fraction of shoot and the cell wall of root. The Se supply also decreased the proportion of active Cd (ethanol-extractable (FE) Cd and deionized water-extractable (FW) Cd) in roots. In addition, the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 were significantly increased with the increase of Cd concentration in roots, and the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in roots were down-regulated by increasing Se supply, regardless of Se supply or Cd stress, respectively. The expression of TaHMA3-b in root was significantly down-regulated by Se10 treatment at both Cd5 and Cd25 but up-regulated by Se5 treatment at Cd25. The expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 in shoot were down-regulated by increasing Se supply at Cd5, and Se5 treatment up-regulated the expression of those genes in shoot at Cd25. Conclusions The results confirm that Se application limit Cd accumulation in wheat via regulating subcellular distribution and the chemical forms of Cd in tissues of winter wheat, as well as the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root.

scholarly journals Boron application mitigates Cd toxicity in leaves of rice by subcellular distribution, cell wall adsorption and antioxidant system

2021 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 112540
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Yaoyu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Cd Toxicity

Ascorbic Acid and the Oxidative Processes in Pea Root Cell Wall Isolates: Characterization by Fluorescence and EPR Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 1048 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONJA VELJOVIĆ-JOVANOVIĆ ◽  
BILJANA KUKAVICA ◽  
TIJANA CVETIĆ ◽  
MILOŠ MOJOVIĆ ◽  
ŽELJKO VUČINIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Epr Spectroscopy ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Root Cell Wall

scholarly journals Golgi-localized exo-β1,3-galactosidases involved in AGP modification and root cell expansion in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Nibbering ◽  
Bent L. Petersen ◽  
Mohammed Saddik Motawia ◽  
Bodil Jørgensen ◽  
Peter Ulvskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Yariv Phenylglycoside

AbstractPlant arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a diverse group of cell surface- and wall-associated glycoproteins. Functionally important AGP glycans are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, but the relationships between their glycosylation, processing, and functionality are poorly understood. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of two Golgi-localized exo-β-1,3-galactosidases from the glycosyl hydrolase 43 (GH43) family in Arabidopsis thaliana. GH43 loss of function mutants exhibit root cell expansion defects in sugar-containing growth media. This root phenotype is associated with an increase in the extent of AGP cell wall association, as demonstrated by Yariv phenylglycoside dye quantification and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling of sequentially extracted cell walls. Recombinant GH43 characterization showed that the exo-β-1,3-galactosidase activity of GH43s is hindered by β-1,6 branches on β-1,3-galactans. In line with this steric hindrance, the recombinant GH43s did not release galactose from cell wall extracted glycoproteins or AGP rich gum arabic. These results show that Arabidopsis GH43s are involved in AGP glycan biosynthesis in the Golgi, and suggest their exo-β-1,3-galactosidase activity influences AGP and cell wall matrix interactions, thereby adjusting cell wall extensibility.

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