Configuration of Flowsheet and Reagent Dosage for Gilsonite Flotation Towards the Ultra-Low-Ash Concentrate
Abstract Gilsonite is a natural occurrence of bitumen and consists of a complex structure of organic compounds. Gilsonite has a wide variety of applications in the industry, including the manufacture of electrodes, paints and resins, as well as the production of asphalt and roof-waterproofing material. Ash content of gilsonite is a determining parameter for its application in some industries (e.g., ash content <5% as an additive in drilling fluids, Resins). In this study, a process mineralogy approach used in order to design an optimal flotation circuit for the production of gilsonite concentrate with ultra-low ash content (<5%) from gilsonite ore with an average ash content of 15%. According to mineralogical studies, carbonates and clay minerals are the main associated impurities (more than 90 vol.%). Furthermore, sulfur was observed in two forms of mineral (pyrite and marcasite) and organic in the structure of gilsonite. Most of these impurities are interlocked with gilsonite in size fractions smaller than 105 µm. In addition, the size of +105 µm to 420 µm has a higher pure gilsonite (approximately 90%) than other size fractions. The effect of different reagent regime on the production of low ash content concentration in gilsonite flotation are investigated. Based on the results, 400 g/ton of kerosene collector led to the production of a concentrate with the lowest amount of ash (6.36%) in the rougher stage. In addition, the highest amount of recovery (80.83%) were obtained in gilsonite flotation with kerosene collector. The use of depressants in the rougher stage increased the gilsonite recovery by 3.5% and slightly reduced the ash content (less than 0.20%) of gilsonite concentrate. In general, gilsonite flotation with 400 g/ton kerosene collector, 100 g/ton from a mixture of sodium silicate, tannic acid, sulfuric acid and sodium cyanide depressants, and the use of 100 g/ton MIBC resulted in the production of a concentrate with the lowest amount of ash (6.36%) in the rougher flotation stage. Cleaner and recleaner flotation for the rougher flotation concentrate resulted in a product with an ash content of 4.89% and recovery of 86.75%. Due to the interlocking of gilsonite with impurities in size fractions smaller than 105 µm, it is better to re-grinding the concentrate of rougher stage then flotation done in the cleaner and recleaner stages. Finally, flowsheet has been proposed to produce gilsonite with the least ash.