scholarly journals Gender Differentials on Productivity of Rice Farmers in South-western Nigeria: An Oaxaca-blinder Decomposition Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo ◽  
Lloyd J. S. Baiyegunhi ◽  
Gideon Danso-Abbeam ◽  
Abiodun A Ogundeji
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Productivity Differentials ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Productivity Gap

Abstract One of the critical constraints hindering the transformation of African agriculture in general, and Nigerian agriculture in particular, is gender disparities in productivity. This study, therefore, examines gender inequality in farm productivity and sources of the productivity differentials among rice farmers in Nigeria, using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) gender decomposition model. The results revealed an uneven situation between men and women, leading to a gender productivity gap of about 29% in favour of men. Thus, female-managed plots are 29% less productive than male-managed plots. The decomposition of the sources of gender productivity differences shows that marital status, education, farm size and access to market information are the significant determinants of the endowment factor that contribute to about 15% of the productivity gap. The study, therefore, concludes that gender productivity inequalities exist in the Nigerian agricultural sector, hence, paying attention to these productivity gaps and factors contributing to these gaps is crucial in formulating policy interventions oriented towards women empowerment.

scholarly journals Gender differentials on productivity of rice farmers in south-western Nigeria: An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo ◽  
Gideon Danso-Abbeam ◽  
Abiodun A Ogundeji
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Productivity Differentials ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Productivity Gap

Abstract One of the critical constraints hindering the transformation of African agriculture in general, and Nigerian agriculture in particular, is gender disparities in productivity. This study, therefore, examines gender inequality in farm productivity and sources of the productivity differentials among rice farmers in Nigeria, using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) gender decomposition model. The results revealed an uneven situation between men and women, leading to a gender productivity gap of about 29% in favour of men. Thus, female-managed plots are 29% less productive than male-managed plots. The decomposition of the sources of gender productivity differences shows that marital status, education, farm size and access to market information are the significant determinants of the endowment factor that contribute to about 15% of the productivity gap. The study, therefore, concludes that gender productivity inequalities exist in the Nigerian agricultural sector, hence, paying attention to these productivity gaps and factors contributing to these gaps is crucial in formulating policy interventions oriented towards women empowerment.

scholarly journals Irrigation, Technical Efficiency, and Farm Size: The Case of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Sampaio Morais ◽  
Felipe F. Silva ◽  
Carlos Otávio de Freitas ◽  
Marcelo José Braga
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
On Farm

In developing countries, irrigation can help to decrease poverty in rural areas through increased employment in the agricultural sector. Evidence shows that irrigation may increase farm productivity and technical efficiency. In this paper, we estimate the effect of irrigation on farm technical efficiency in Brazil using the 2006 Agricultural Census dataset on more than 4 million farms. We estimate a stochastic production frontier at farm level, considering potential selection bias in irrigation adoption. We find that farms using irrigation are on average 2.51% more technically efficient compared to rain-fed farms. Our findings also suggest that while small farms are more efficient than medium and large farms, the largest difference in technical efficiency between rain-fed and irrigated farms is among large farms. Our results indicate that policies that seek to support expansion of irrigation adoption has also the potential to achieve greater rural development given the estimated effects estimated in this paper among very small and small farms, which are more than 70% of the farms in Brazil.

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal disorders among rice farmers in Phimai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-503
Author(s):  
Ekarat Sombatsawat ◽  
Titaporn Luangwilai ◽  
Parichat Ong-artborirak ◽  
Wattasit Siriwong
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Body Regions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and determine factors influencing MSDs among rice farmers. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 rice farmers from 14 villages in Tarnlalord sub-district, Phimai district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, from February 2017 to March 2017. Face-to-face interviews, including demographics, work characteristics and musculoskeletal pain, were conducted using a modified standardized Nordic questionnaire. Findings The results revealed that both 78 males and 78 females participated in the study to which the average of age and body mass index (BMI) was 45.5±11.4 years and 24.9±4.0 kg/m2, respectively. All rice farmers reported MSDs in at least one body region during the six months preceding the interview. The highest prevalence of MSDs showed 86.5 percent in the lower back area, followed by 85.9 percent in the neck, and 80.7 percent in the shoulders. The analysis of binary logistic regression and Spearman’s rank correlation showed that factors such as gender, age, BMI, work experience and farm size influence MSDs’ occurrence, and pain severity in one or more body regions (p < 0.05). Originality/value Musculoskeletal injuries are a significant health problem in rice farmers. The study indicated that appropriate agricultural practices such as working posture, equipment size selection and carrying loads should be recommended to prevent MSDs. Thus, the occupational health and safety services in agricultural workers are needed.

Perceptions of an ageing agricultural workforce and farmers’ productivity strategies: Evidence from Prachinburi Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110250
Author(s):  
Sylvia Szabo ◽  
Chidchanok Apipoonanon ◽  
Malay Pramanik ◽  
Kevin Leeson ◽  
Devendra Raj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Ageing Workforce ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government

Thailand’s agriculture is facing an ageing workforce, which could negatively influence agricultural production. Yet, there is still limited evidence regarding the perception of the ageing agricultural labour force in the country and a lack of insights into farmers’ strategies to improve agricultural output. To fill this gap, we analysed primary data from questionnaire-based surveys of 365 households in Prachinburi Province, Thailand. The results show that household poverty, farm experience, retirement, health concerns, and farm accidents are positively associated with the farmers’ perception on the ageing workforce, whereas education level, having an ageing farmer in the family, farm size, mentoring and access to new technology have a negative influence on the perception of the ageing workforce. Given the anticipated implications of the population ageing in Thailand, the government should consider establishing policy options to encourage younger entrants into the agricultural sector and prioritising policies related to intergenerational support.

Adoption of improved rice varieties by farmers in Bende local government area of Abia state

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
JC Ijioma ◽  
CK Osundu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
State Government ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Farmers

The study investigated the adoption of improved rice varieties by farmers in Bende Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 120 rice farmers. Descriptive statistics and tobit regression model were employed to analyze the data. Results showed that cumulatively 73.3% of the farmers fell within the age range of 20-50 years, most (86.7%) of the rice farmers were literate. More than half (57.5%) of the rice farmers are females. Result further indicated that 43.3% had household sizes of 5-8 persons. A fair proportion (33.3%) had been in rice production for 11-15 years, while majority (73.3%) belongs to farmers’ associations. Fairly good (51.6%) were aware of the improved rice varieties and used it, while a substantial number (93.3%) number of the farmers cultivated swamp rice. MAS 240 variety (mean=3.13), Faro 7 variety (mean=2.95), Faro II variety (mean=2.75), Faro 8 variety (mean=2.70.) and Faro 48 variety (mean=2.68) were highly adopted by farmers in the area. The Chi square value of 7.290 was significant at 1.0% probability level and indicates goodness of fit of the model used. Coefficient of age (-0.023), and gender (-1.967) were negative and significant at 10.0% and 1.0% level of probability respectively. The coefficient of education level (0.041), farm size (0.940), farming experience (0.206) and membership of farmers’ association (0.168) were significant at 5.0% and were positively related to adoption of improved rice varieties. Farmers encountered various problems of paucity of funds (35.8%), scarcity of inputs (22.5%), and dearth of information (20.89). Based on these findings it was recommended that rice farmers should form cooperative societies to enable them raise funds for buying agricultural equipment to boost rice production. More young male farmers should be sensitized and motivated by the state government to take up rice production since female farmers dominate rice production in the area. Extension agencies should increase the level of information dissemination and teaching to the rice farmers’ clientele.Key words: Adoption, Improved Varieties, Rice

scholarly journals The impact of uptake of selected agricultural technologies on rice farmers’ income distribution in Ghana

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Addison ◽  
Kwasi Ohene-Yankyera ◽  
Patricia Pinamang Acheampong ◽  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Result ◽  
National Development ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Government of Ghana’s effort to reduce income inequality consistently poses a major challenge to public policy formulation. The promotion and dissemination of agricultural technologies as a pathway out of income inequality in rural Ghana have received widespread support. Yet, knowledge about the impact of agricultural technologies on rural income inequality remains low. The objective of the study is to evaluate the link between the uptake of improved rice technologies and income distribution in the study area. Methods This paper uses a survey data from 917 smallholder rice producers in selected communities in Ghana. The study employs the Bourguignon, Fournier, and Gurgand (BFG) selection bias correction model, a two-stage model, to empirically analyse the role of agricultural technologies in rural income distribution. Results The empirical result shows that education, farm size, land ownership, participation in relevant extension training programmes enhance adoption, but gender (female) inhibits uptake of the selected technologies. The empirical result further shows that the uptake of the improved rice seed and fertilizer increases rice farmers’ net revenue significantly. The result further indicates that farmers’ choice of the selected agricultural technologies decreases the sample population income inequality, indicating the uptake of the technologies has an equalizing effect on rice farmers’ income distribution. Conclusion The study concludes that the use of the selected technologies has potential to fight rural poverty in Ghana. The findings have implications for National Development Planning Commission (NDPC) agenda of redistribution of wealth in Ghana.

scholarly journals COMMODITY PROSPECTS OF ACEH PROVINCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Ichsan Ichsan ◽  
Rico Nur Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Commodities

Food security in households can be measured by maintaining stability and security in the availability of staple food. Covid-19 has an impact on the agricultural sector and farmers so that it affects their income, and automatically changes the availability of food in their households. The purpose of this study was to find out how Covid-19 had an impact on the food availability of rice farmers' households, and what strategies were used to survive in conditions of uncertainty. This research uses a case study approach in Aceh Province. The results of this study show contradictory responses based on the status of the farmer (agriculture as the main or secondary livelihood), and the availability of access to other sources of income affects how or not Covid-19 affects their lives. This study shows that the cultural factors of farmers who live simply and farmers of food commodities are those who are more resilient than farmers of other commodities and the lower middle class in general. The strategy in question is to sell produce with a larger proportion due to declining selling prices, take food from the harvest and rice barns also receive assistance from the government.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN DECISION MAKING PROCESS FOR RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) FARMERS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA. APPLICATIONS OF HECKMAN TWO-STAGE MODEL AND FACTOR ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi ◽  
Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele ◽  
Mohammed Bello Usman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study focuses on determinants of the agricultural loan decision-making process of rice (Oryza sativa) farmers in Abuja, Nigeria, using the Heckman two-stage model and factor analysis. This study was designed specifically to achieve the following objectives: determine the socio-economic profiles or characteristics of rice farmers, analyze the costs and returns of rice production, evaluate factors influencing rice farmers’ decision to obtain an agricultural loan, evaluate socio-economic factors influencing the amount of the agricultural loan, and determine the constraints or problems facing rice farmers. A multi-stage sampling design was employed. A total sample of one hundred (100) rice farmers was included, and primary data were utilized. Data were obtained through the use of a well-structured and well-designed questionnaire. Statistical and econometric tools used in analyzing data included descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, the Heckman two-stage model, and principal component analysis. The results show that 63% of rice farmers were between the age of 31–50 years. The mean age was 41.90 years. About 65% of rice farmers were male, and 54% of them were married. Also, 93% of rice farmers had formal education and were literate. The household sizes were large, with an average of six persons per household. An average of 71,550 nairas was the loan amount granted to rice farmers by financial institutions. The average farm size amounted to 1.49 hectares. Factors influencing the decision of rice farmers to obtain agricultural loan included age (P < 0.01), marital status (P < 0.05), household size (P < 0.10), educational level (P < 0.05), farm size (P < 0.05), farm and non-farm income (P < 0.10), farm experience (P < 0.05), collateral property (P < 0.05), extension services (P < 0.10), and awareness of loan or credit facilities (P < 0.05). Rice production was profitable with a net farm income of 744,300 nairas. The gross margin ratio of 0.95 means that 95 kobos covered profits, taxes, expenses, interest, and depreciation for every naira invested in rice production activities. Socio-economic factors statistically and significantly influencing the amount of agricultural loan obtained by rice farmers included (P < 0.05) sex (P < 0.01), household size (P < 0.05) and educational level (P < 0.01). The constraints facing rice farmers in obtaining the agricultural loan and production activities included lack of collateral property, lack of fertilizer input, poor-quality feeder roads, lack of credit facilities, inadequate labor input, and complicated and costly administrative procedures to obtain a loan. It is recommended that agricultural loans be made available to rice farmers in sufficient amounts and at low-interest rates. Also, farm inputs, fertilizer inputs, improved seeds, and chemicals should be made available to rice farmers

scholarly journals Cost efficient internet of things based smart farm system for rural farmers: Leveraging design thinking approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Segun Adebayo ◽  
Ozichi Emuoyibofarhe ◽  
Tolulope Awofolaju
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Farmers are faced with challenges of producing enough food and the use of traditional methods seems not to keep pace with the ever-growing demand of the populace thus creating increased concern in food scarcity. Although it has been identified that smart tools will enhance the production pace needed in the Agricultural sector, unfortunately, most of these tools are designed for farmers without their inputs, thus creating tools that are not meeting demands. This study focused on a farmer-centered design, development, and deployment approach to improving farm productivity. The design thinking approach was used to identify the specific need of the farmers in selected areas, ideas were created using brainstorming sessions involving experts in the field, and prototypes were developed and deployed to evaluate the impact performance. The result shows that the proposed system improved the cost-benefit ratio of crop farming from 2.14 to 2.26. This is a 12% productivity increase.

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