scholarly journals Formulation of sustainable flame retardant from waste egg shell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Ravindra Korgaonkar ◽  
Usha Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Dsc Curves

Abstract Egg shell are considered as waste and are generally dumped in the landfills. As the world is moving towards the sustainable way to recycle the waste and hence adding value to the waste produced. The egg shell is consisting of essential amino acids and properties which are still unexploited in various textile processing. The egg shell has proteineous matter which makes it a natural flame retardant. Cotton is the majorly used fibre in the overall textile industry. In the present study the egg shell waste was used to prepare an extract which is further applied on cotton fabric as a flame retardant. The characterization of the above egg shell powder shows it has amine group present at 1072.6 as well as at 873.56cm - C-Cl halo compound is present confirmed through FT-IR analysis. Two peaks were observed in DSC curves at 224.4 0 C and 254.5 °C. A LoI of cotton has increased to 36 at a lower concentration of 30% while that compared with the conventional cotton fabric.

Characterization of Cotton Fabric Treated with a Si/P Flame Retardant

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Ran Wang ◽  
Yi Jin Bai ◽  
Xiao Chun Wang ◽  
Yan Qiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Ft Ir

A Si/P flame retardant was prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Original cotton fabric, treated fabric and its charcoal were examined by FT-IR, SEM, and EDS. Results showed that the TEOS/H3PO4 flame retardant has little affect on the cotton chemical structure and the surface morphology of cotton fiber. Main absorption peaks of the charcoal in the FT-IR are attributed to the P-O-C and the Si-O-Si bonds. And the surface of the charcoal was covered with white particles. EDS illustrates Si-O-Si bonds form on the surface and exhibit white particles in the SEM image.

Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Oil-based Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Phosphaphenanthrene Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 760-771
Author(s):  
Qirui Gong ◽  
Niangui Wang ◽  
Kaibo Zhang ◽  
Shizhao Huang ◽  
Yuhan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Degradation Activation Energy ◽  
Ft Ir

A phosphaphenanthrene groups containing soybean oil based polyol (DSBP) was synthesized by epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Soybean oil based polyol (HSBP) was synthesized by ESO and H2O. The chemical structure of DSBP and HSBP were characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. The corresponding rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared by mixing DSBP with HSBP. The results revealed apparent density and compression strength of RPUFs decreased with increasing the DSBP content. The cell structure of RPUFs was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which displayed the cells as spherical or polyhedral. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94 vertical burning test. The degradation activation energy (Ea) of first degradation stage reduced from 80.05 kJ/mol to 37.84 kJ/mol with 80 wt% DSBP. The RUPF with 80 wt% DSBP achieved UL94 V-0 rating and LOI 28.3. The results showed that the flame retardant effect was mainly in both gas phase and condensed phase.

Synthesis and characterization of a phosphorous/nitrogen based sol-gel coating as a novel halogen- and formaldehyde-free flame retardant finishing for cotton fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Castellano ◽  
Claudio Colleoni ◽  
Giuseppina Iacono ◽  
Alessio Mezzi ◽  
Maria Rosaria Plutino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization

scholarly journals Synthesis and optical characterization of bipod carbazole derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Baki Çiçek ◽  
Merve Çağlı ◽  
Remziye Tülek ◽  
Ali Teke
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Power ◽  
Excitation Power Density ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Two Peaks

AbstractIn this study, some new biscarbazole derivatives were synthesized for the purpose of being used in OLED technologies and related areas. The following compounds: {1,2-bis(2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethoxy)ethane (C-1), bis[2-(2-(3,6- diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethoxy)etyl]ether (C-2), bis[2-(2-(3,6-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethoxy)etyl]ether (C-3) and bis [2-(2-(3,6-di(naphthalene-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethoxy) ethyl]ether (C-4) were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling reactions. The structural properties of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS. The maximum product yields of 81.6% were obtained for C-4 biscarbazole derivatives. The optical properties were studied using UV-visible and temperature/excitation power density dependent photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The emissions were observed at green and yellow-red color spectral bands. By applying Gaussian fitting to the measured spectra, the superposition of the broad peaks was deconvoluted into two peaks. The origin of emissions was attributed to π- π* transition in aromatic compounds caused by intramolecular charge transfer from host carbazole to these compounds.

scholarly journals Construction of Biological Flame Retardant Layer on Cotton Fabric via Photografting of Nucleotide/Amino Acid Monomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yutong liu ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Zhenbao Li ◽  
Ju Wei ◽  
Bing Du
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Synergistic Flame Retardant

Abstract The 5’-adenylicacid (AMP-Na2) is modified to introduce unsaturated double bonds for photografting onto cotton fabrics together with L-cysteine (L-Cys) monomer to prepare synergistic flame-retardant cotton fabrics. The chemical structure of AMP-Na2/L-Cys monomers, the surface morphology, residual carbon morphology, thermal property and flame retardant property of photografted flame retardant cotton fabrics are analyzed. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra verified the AMP-Na2 and L-Cys monomers with unsaturated double bonds. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the carbon residue of photografted fiber maintains a natural curled and fibers shape. TGA showed the major pyrolysis temperature of photografted cotton fabric declined by 42℃, with the weight loss reduced by 21.6%, proving that good charring effect. The continuous burning and smoldering time of photografted cotton fabric are decreased to 0s. The experimental results indicate that AMP-Na2/L-Cys monomers can reveal good durability and remarkable flame retardancy property to cotton fabrics via facile treatment of photografting.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Hydroxyapatite

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Kabir ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
A. I. Mustafa ◽  
M. Ahsan ◽  
S. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Wet Chemical Precipitation

Fe-doped hydroxyapatite bio-ceramic material has been successfully synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method using waste egg shell as Ca precursor and (NH4)2HPO4 as P precursor. Two different concentrations of doping solutions (0.1 M and 0.05 M) were chosen and the developed apatite was characterized by using FT-IR, XRF, XRD and SEM techniques. Observed data were in excellent agreement with the standard values for hydroxyapatite which indicated successful formation of the Fe- doped apatite of different concentrations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10711Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 1-8, 2012

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Bio-oil Phenolic Foam Reinforced with Montmorillonite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Xu ◽  
Yuxiang Yu ◽  
Miaomiao Chang ◽  
Jianmin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Small Content

Introducing bio-oil into phenolic foam (PF) can effectively improve the toughness of PF, but its flame retardant performance will be adversely affected and show a decrease. To offset the decrease in flame retardant performance, montmorillonite (MMT) can be added as a promising alternative to enhance the flame resistance of foams. The present work reported the effects of MMT on the chemical structure, morphological property, mechanical performance, flame resistance, and thermal stability of bio-oil phenolic foam (BPF). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) result showed that the –OH group peaks shifted to a lower frequency after adding MMT, indicating strong hydrogen bonding between MMT and bio-oil phenolic resin (BPR) molecular chains. Additionally, when a small content of MMT (2–4 wt %) was added in the foamed composites, the microcellular structures of bio-oil phenolic foam modified by MMT (MBPFs) were more uniform and compact than that of BPF. As a result, the best performance of MBPF was obtained with the addition of 4 wt % MMT, where compressive strength and limited oxygen index (LOI) increased by 31.0% and 33.2%, respectively, and the pulverization ratio decreased by 40.6% in comparison to BPF. These tests proved that MMT can blend well with bio-oil to effectively improve the flame resistance of PF while enhancing toughness.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Flame Retardant 1,2-Bis (dimelaminium of 1-nitro-3,5-diphospha-4-oxa-3,5-dihydroxy cyclohexane) Ethane and its Application in PP

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1164-1167
Author(s):  
Si Chun Shao ◽  
Yi Lun Tan ◽  
Liu Sun ◽  
Li Hua You ◽  
Zhi Han Peng
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tg And Dtg

In this study, a novel flame retardant 1,2-bis (dimelaminium of 1-nitro-3,5-diphospha-4-oxa-3,5-dihydroxy cyclohexane) ethane (EAPM) was synthesized by ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic) acid (EDTMPA) and melamine in two steps. Meanwhile, its molecular structure was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, 1H-NMR. The thermal properties were characterized by TG and DTG, which indicated the good thermostability of EAPM for processing and the considerable residual char in the final stage of combustion. The fire performance of composites blended by the novel flame retardant and polypropylene waere investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test. The results demonstrated the treated PP with the optimal flame retardant formulation of 15 w% EAPM, 5 w% charring agent and 10 w% MEL-APP was attached with an LOI of 33.3% and UL-94 V-0 rating.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of flame retardant cotton fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5296-5300
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Prepared Glass ◽  
Ray Patterns

An inorganic flame retardant glass was prepared using the melt methods. The prepared glass was characterized using IR, X-ray. The x-ray patterns and IR charts show that the formation of glass without any crystals. Cotton fabric was finished using different percentage of glass 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 % (w/w) in the presence of citric acid as crosslinker and sodium hypophosphite as catalyst. The flame retardancy of finished cotton fabric was performed using Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) technique. The results of measurements show that the value of LOI of untreated cotton fabric equals 19.6, when cotton fabrics treated with different amounts of glass ranging from 0.5 to 2 %, the value of LOI increased to become 23.6 at 0.5% and 24.8 for the higher glass concentration. The effect of curing temperature and time on the properties and the LOI of cotton fabric was studied.

Synthesis and characterization of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) di block copolymers: Effects of block lengths and compositions

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yodthong Baimark ◽  
Mangkorn Srisa-ard ◽  
Jirasak Threeprom ◽  
Robert Molloy ◽  
Winita Punyodom
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Random Character ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Dsc Curves

AbstractMethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε- caprolactone) diblock copolymers, designated as MPEG-b-PDLLGCL, with different MPEG block lengths and DLL:G:CL ratios were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization in bulk using MPEG and stannous octoate as the initiating system. The diblock copolymers were characterized using a combination of FT-IR, 1HNMR, GPC and DSC. The percentage yields of the diblock copolymers were in excess of 90%. 1H-NMR analysis confirmed that the PDLLGCL blocks contained at least some random character. From their DSC curves, the diblock copolymers were amorphous in morphology. Their glass transition temperatures decreased as the MPEG block length increased and as G and CL units were incorporated.

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