scholarly journals Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tylutka ◽  
Barbara Morawin ◽  
Artur Gramacki ◽  
Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inactive Group

Abstract Background: Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. Daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescence. Methods: Ninety-nine older adults (60-90 years) were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n=34) and inactive (n=20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive participants was performed using eight-parameter flow cytometry.Results: Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T lymphocytes showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active participants demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1 or ≤2.5 contrary to the inactive group who showed the ratio <1. The elderly with the result of 6WMT >1.3 m/s and VO2max >35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocyte percentage and also a higher ratio of CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+CD45RO+.Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n=30) the count of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n=20). Conclusion: Based on the flow cytometry analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naïve T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals Lifestyle exercise attenuates immunosenescence; flow cytometry analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tylutka ◽  
Barbara Morawin ◽  
Artur Gramacki ◽  
Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inactive Group

Abstract Background Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. Daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescence. Methods Ninety-nine older adults (60–90 years) were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n = 34) and inactive (n = 20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive participants was performed using eight-parameter flow cytometry. Results Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T lymphocytes showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active participants demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5 contrary to the inactive group who showed the ratio < 1. The older adults with the result of 6WMT > 1.3 m/s and VO2max > 35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocyte percentage and also a higher ratio of CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+CD45RO+. Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n = 30) the count of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n = 20). Conclusion Based on the flow cytometry analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naïve T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tylutka ◽  
Barbara Morawin ◽  
Artur Gramacki ◽  
Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inactive Group

Abstract Background: Interaction of physical activity and the immune response is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. The daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescenceMethods: Ninety-nine older adults (60-90 years) from the University of the Third Age were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n=34) and inactive (n=20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive was performed using eight-parameter CyFlow. Results: Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T cells showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with immunity risk profile (IRP) expressed by the CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active subjects demonstrated IRP ≥1 or ≤2.5 contrary to the inactive group who had IRP <1. The elderly with the result of 6WMT >1.3 m/s and VO2max >35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher of CD4+ naïve T lymphocyte count and also a higher ratio of CD4+naïve/CD4+ memory. Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n=30) the percentage of CD4+naïve T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n=20).Conclusion: Based on the cytometry flow analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the naïve T cells count or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals Acute, exercise-induced alterations in cytokines and chemokines in the blood distinguish physically active and sedentary aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren G MacNeil ◽  
Mark A Tarnopolsky ◽  
Justin D Crane
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Aging results in a chronic, pro-inflammatory state which can promote and exacerbate age-associated diseases. In contrast, physical activity in older adults improves whole body health, protects against disease, and reduces inflammation, but the elderly are less active making it difficult to disentangle the effects of aging from a sedentary lifestyle. To interrogate this interaction, we analyzed peripheral blood collected at rest and post-exercise from 68 healthy younger and older donors that were either physically active aerobic exercisers or chronically sedentary. Subjects were profiled for 44 low-abundance cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in peripheral blood. At rest, we found that regular physical activity had no impact on the age-related elevation in circulating IL-18, eotaxin, GRO, IL-8, IP-10, PDGF-AA or RANTES. Similarly, there was no impact of physical activity on the age-related reduction in VEGF, EGF or IL-12 (p70). However, older exercisers had lower resting plasma fractalkine, IL-3, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to sedentary older adults. In contrast to our resting characterization, blood responses following acute exercise produced more striking difference between groups. Physically active younger and older subjects increased over 50% of the analyzed factors in their blood which resulted in both unique and overlapping exercise signatures. However, sedentary individuals, particularly the elderly, had few detectable changes in response to exercise. Overall, we show that long term physical activity has a limited effect on age-associated changes in basal cytokines and chemokines in the healthy elderly, yet physically active individuals exhibit a broader induction of factors post-exercise irrespective of age.

scholarly journals Experiences of Habitual Physical Activity in Maintaining Roles and Functioning among Older Adults: A Qualitative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel Halaweh ◽  
Ulla Svantesson ◽  
Carin Willén
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Age Related Changes

Physically active older adults have reduced risk of functional restrictions and role limitations. Several aspects may interrelate and influence habitual physical activity (PA). However, older adults’ own perspectives towards their PA need to be addressed. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of habitual physical activity in maintaining roles and functioning among older adult Palestinians ≥60 years. Data were collected through in-depth interviews based on a narrative approach. Seventeen participants were recruited (aged 64–84 years). Data were analyzed using a narrative interpretative method.Findings. Three central narratives were identified,“keep moving, stay healthy,”“social connectedness, a motive to stay active,”and “adapting strategies to age-related changes.” Conclusion. Habitual physical activity was perceived as an important factor to maintain functioning and to preserve active roles in older adults. Walking was the most prominent pattern of physical activity and it was viewed as a vital tool to maintain functioning among the older adults. Social connectedness was considered as a contributing factor to the status of staying active. To adapt the process of age-related changes in a context to stay active, the participants have used different adapting strategies, including protective strategy, awareness of own capabilities, and modifying or adopting new roles.

scholarly journals Relationship between cognitive performance and physical activity in community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Martins Alves ◽  
Luiza Alves da Silva ◽  
Tatiana Carvalho Reis Martins ◽  
Bruna Moretti Luchesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inactive Group

Introduction: The aging process can result in the decline of cognitive function. Some factors may be beneficial for cognitive functioning in aging, such as physical activity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out in 2018/2019, with 491 older adults (≥60 years), registered in Primary Healthcare Units in Três Lagoas-MS. The older adults were divided into two groups: physically active (>150 minutes of moderate physical activity or >75 minutes of vigorous activity/week - n=320) and inactive (n=171), according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was also applied. T and chi-square tests were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results: The physically active group were mostly women (60.8%), with an average of 69.7±6.9 years of age and 4.2±3.5 years of schooling. In the inactive group, the majority were women (59.7%), with 71.4±8.2 years of age and 4.0±4.2 of schooling. The groups were similar in terms of sex and education, but the inactive group was older (p=0.029). The active older adults had a mean of 23.7±3.8 points in the MMSE, and the inactive group, 21.9±4.6, with a significant difference (p <0.000), ndicating that the active group had a better cognitive performance. Conclusion: There is a relationship between being physically active and having a better cognitive performance. Physical activity in old age is related to benefits in several areas and must be incorporated into public health promotion and disease prevention policies.

Physical Activity and Fitness Effects on Cognition and Brain Health in Children and Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chaddock ◽  
Michelle W. Voss ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Age Related

Our increasingly inactive lifestyle is detrimental to physical and cognitive health. This review focuses on the beneficial relation of physical activity and aerobic fitness to the brain and cognitive health in a youth and elderly population to highlight the need to change this pattern. In children, increased physical activity and higher levels of aerobic fitness have been associated with superior academic achievement and cognitive processes. Differences in brain volumes and brain function of higher-fit and lower-fit peers are potential mechanisms underlying the performance differences in cognitive challenges. We hope that this research will encourage modifications in educational policies that will increase physical activity during the school day. In addition, older adults who participate in physical activity show higher performance on a variety of cognitive tasks, coupled with less risk of cognitive impairment. The cognitive enhancements are in part driven by less age-related brain tissue loss and increases in the efficiency of brain function. Given the increasing aging population and threat of dementia, research about the plasticity of the elderly active brain has important public health implications. Collectively, the data support that participation in physical activity could enhance daily functioning, learning, achievement, and brain health in children and the elderly.

Special situations in the elderly: sport, physical activity, and travel

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2976-2980
Author(s):  
Joanna Kostka ◽  
Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska ◽  
Tomasz Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiovascular Evaluation

The number of physically active and travelling older people is gradually increasing. Regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages. On the other hand, due to concomitant chronic diseases and age-related changes, older athletes are at higher risk of both acute adverse events and overuse injuries. Therefore, general medical and cardiovascular evaluation is recommended before initiation of a training programme. Similarly, it is necessary to perform a medical assessment of older subjects concerning fitness for travel and possible medical consequences. A pre-travel visit should allow individual physical and mental limitations for travel to be discussed and provide a patient with necessary prophylaxis, such as vaccinations or malaria prevention. Special problems in older athletes and travellers with chronic diseases should be taken into consideration (e.g. the risk of venous thromboembolism during prolonged exercise or travel in hot environment). Older adults with concomitant co-morbidities constitute a growing percentage of subjects participating in sports or undertaking travel. Although they are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications, a general recommendation to ‘avoid inactivity’ may nowadays be put forward.

Special situations in the elderly: sport, physical activity, and travel

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2976-2980
Author(s):  
Joanna Kostka ◽  
Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska ◽  
Tomasz Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiovascular Evaluation

The number of physically active and travelling older people is gradually increasing. Regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages. On the other hand, due to concomitant chronic disease and age-related changes, older athletes are at higher risk of both acute adverse events and overuse injuries. Therefore, general medical and cardiovascular evaluation is recommended before initiation of a training programme. Similarly, it is necessary to perform a medical assessment of older subjects concerning fitness for travel and possible medical consequences. A pre-travel visit should allow individual physical and mental limitations for travel to be discussed and provide a patient with necessary prophylaxis, such as vaccinations or malaria prevention. Special problems in older athletes and travellers with chronic diseases should be taken into consideration (e.g. the risk of venous thromboembolism during prolonged exercise or travel in hot environment). Older adults with concomitant co-morbidities constitute a growing percentage of subjects participating in sports or undertaking travel. Although they are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications, a general recommendation to ‘avoid inactivity’ may be nowadays be put forward.

No “Old Fool”: 88 Years Old and Still Running

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Roper ◽  
Douglas J. Molnar ◽  
Craig A. Wrisberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Master Runner

In the sport, physical activity, and aging literature, much attention has been given to the importance of physical activity and sport involvement for the elderly. Most of the literature, however, has focused on the continuity of physical activity among older adults. The purpose of this study was to extend the understanding of older sport participants by conducting a case study of Max Springer, a male, White master runner (88 years old). We assumed that continuity in sport would represent a primary adaptive strategy for coping with the aging process. In addition to two in-depth interviews with Max, the authors interviewed various other “participants” regarding their perceptions of Max as an older runner. From deductive analysis of the interview material, the following themes emerged as figural to Max’s experience as an older runner: tradition of always being physically active, I’m not an athlete, being of senior age, meaning and philosophy of running, and significance of social support.

Self-Efficacy and Balance Correlates of Fear of Falling in the Elderly

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Shannon L. Mihalko ◽  
Karl Rosengren
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Independent Effects

This study examined relationships among physical activity patterns, self-efficacy, balance, and fear of falling in older adults. Fifty-eight older adults (52-85 years) completed measures of physical activity, self-efficacy, and fear of falling. Subjects then performed the items found in the Berg Balance Scale (Berg, Wood-Dauphinee, Williams, & Maki, 1992). More physically active adults were less fearful of falling, had better balance, and had stronger perceptions of efficacy. Those with better balance were less fearful of falling, and females were more fearful than males. Balance and self-efficacy had significant independent effects on fear, whereas the contribution of history of physical activity was nonsignificant. The findings suggest that behavioral, social cognitive, and biological factors may be important correlates of fear of falling. Further support is provided for the utility of self-efficacy measures in the prediction of fear of falling, although reliance on any one measure to assess this construct may underestimate the role of self-efficacy.

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