scholarly journals Annual prevalence and economic burden of genital warts in Korea: Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service data from 2007 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. PARK ◽  
J. M. KIM ◽  
B. R. LEE ◽  
T. H. KIM ◽  
E. G. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Service Data

SUMMARYThis study evaluated the annual prevalence of anogenital warts (AGW) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and analysed the trend in annual per cent changes (APC) by using national claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment of Korea, 2007–2015. We also estimated the socio-economic burden and co-morbidities of AGW. All analyses were performed based on data for primary A63.0, the specific diagnosis code for AGW. The socio-economic cost of AGW was calculated based on the direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost and indirect cost. The overall AGW prevalence and socio-economic burden has increased during the last 9 years. However, the prevalence of AGW differed significantly by sex. The female prevalence increased until 2012, and decreased thereafter (APC + 3·6%). It would fall after the introduction of routine HPV vaccination, principally for females, in Korea. The male prevalence increased continuously over time (APC + 11·6%), especially in those aged 20–49 years. Referring to the increasing AGW prevalence and its disease burden, active HPV infection control surveillance and prevention in males are worth consideration.

scholarly journals Economic burden of Eating disorders in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Minha Hong ◽  
Saengryeol Park ◽  
Won Sub Kang ◽  
In-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract Objective Few studies have investigated the epidemiology of eating disorders using national representative data. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea.Method The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden of diagnosed eating disorders (ICD F50.x) over a six-year period between 2010 and 2015, in South Korea. The direct medical cost, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs resulting from eating disorders were estimated in order to calculate the economic burden of such disorders.Results The total prevalence was 12.02 people (per 100,000) in 2010, and 13.28 in 2015. The economic cost of eating disorders was estimated to be USD5,727,843 in 2010 and USD5,338,752 in 2015. The economic cost and prevalence of eating disorders was the highest in the 20–29 age group.Conclusion The results showed the eating disorders are insufficiently managed in the medical insurance system. The further research is warranted to better understand the economic burdens of each eating disorders.

scholarly journals A narrative review on HPV vaccination among boys and men

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Vinod K Ramani ◽  
Radheshyam Naik
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
The Cost

Apart from cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with head and neck as well as other anogenital cancers such as vulva, vagina, anus, and penis. HPV vaccine provides specific protection against the disease and its subsequent manifestations.Vaccination programs for men tend to improve population-level control of HPV infection and directly prevent HPV related disease such as anogenital warts and oropharyngeal cancers in males. HPV vaccine does not treat existing infection or lesions/cancer and is intended for individuals before initiation fo sexual activity or any other form of exposure to HPV.Many programs across the globe do not include vaccination for boys because of the cost and little recognition of the emerging epidemic of HPV associated cancers in men. In the Indian context, as screening is not feasible for non-cervical HPV associated cancers, its incidence mostly among men will continue to rise until the present generation of vaccinated adolescents reaches their middle-age.Vaccination will reduce transmission rates and increase herd immunity. This in-turn, will prevent not just cervical cancers but also other HPV-associated malignancies among men and women.

scholarly journals 3112 Factors Associated with Hesitancy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Latina Immigrant Mothers Despite Physician Recommendation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Alexandra B Khodadadi ◽  
David Redden ◽  
Isabel Scarinci
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Physician Recommendation ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
To Receive

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with Latina immigrant mothers’ hesitancy in having their 9-12 year old daughters vaccinated against HPV despite a physician recommendation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The data analyzed for this study was from a previous effort that examined the efficacy of an intervention to promote HPV vaccination among daughters (9-12 years of age) of Latina immigrants (N=317) through a randomized trial. Baseline data among Latina immigrant mothers with unvaccinated daughters was collected prior to this intervention. Participants were surveyed on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer and HPV, and intention to vaccinate their daughters with the HPV vaccine if recommended by the daughter’s physician. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Out of 317 participants, 205 reported willingness to vaccinate following a physician recommendation (64.7%) while 112 reported hesitancy (defined as an answer of “maybe”) to vaccinate their daughters (35.3%). None of the participants indicated “no”. No sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy except for the daughter’s health insurance status (p = 0.03). A significant difference existed in the mother’s perceived risk of cervical cancer in herself based on hesitancy and willingness to vaccination (p < 0.001). Mother’s awareness of HPV (p < 0.0001), knowledge of HPV (p < 0.01), her perceived risk of HPV infection in herself (p < 0.01) and in her daughter (p < 0.0001), and her worry about her daughter being infected with HPV (p = 0.02) were also significant. Finally, there were differences among mothers in confidence of being able to have their daughters complete all three doses of the vaccine (p < 0.0001), and having the time (p < 0.0001) and the money (p < 0.0001) to complete the vaccination series. Factors that were significant in the univariate analysis were then incorporated into a binary logistic multivariable regression. HPV knowledge score was excluded from this analysis due to its limited sample size (n = 169). The five variables that were strongly associated with the outcome of vaccine hesitancy included: HPV awareness, mother’s perceived risk of HPV infection in their daughter, confidence in the ability to receive all three shots in vaccine series, confidence in being able to afford the vaccine series, and daughter’s health insurance. All were positively correlated with intention to vaccinate except for daughter’s health insurance status. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Despite research showing Latinos are pro-vaccination and the association between HCP provider recommendation and vaccine acceptability among parents, over 35% of Latina immigrant mothers in our study were still hesitant about having their daughters vaccinated against HPV following a physician recommendation. Factors that strongly contributed to this hesitancy included HPV awareness, mother’s perceived risk of their daughter being infected with HPV, self-efficacy (ability to receive all required shots and finding time to complete the HPV vaccination series), and daughter’s health insurance status. These results indicate that HCP recommendation may be not enough of a driving factor to motivate Latina immigrant mothers to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Further research efforts should focus on heightening perceived risk of HPV infection, improving knowledge of HPV, and boosting their self-efficacy to get their children vaccinated against HPV.

scholarly journals The impact of 10 years of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Australia: what additional disease burden will a nonavalent vaccine prevent?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyra Patel ◽  
Julia ML Brotherton ◽  
Alexis Pillsbury ◽  
Sanjay Jayasinghe ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Impact

Background: A National human papilloma virus (HPV) Vaccination Programme for the prevention of HPV infection and associated disease using the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) has been funded and implemented in Australia since 2007, initially for girls only and extended to boys in 2013, with uptake rates among the highest observed worldwide. Aim: We report on the impact of this national programme on HPV prevalence and associated disease burden and estimate the potential impact of adopting a nonavalent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine. Methods: We performed a non-systematic literature review of studies measuring the burden of HPV-associated disease and infection in Australia before and after introduction of HPV vaccination. We also included key national reports with estimates of HPV-related disease burden. Results: Substantial declines in high-grade cervical disease and genital warts among vaccine-eligible women have been observed. Reductions in genital warts incidence and HPV prevalence among heterosexual men of similar age were observed before introduction of the male vaccination programme, indicating a substantial herd effect. 9vHPV vaccine is expected to prevent up to 90% of cervical and 96% of anal cancers. Of an estimated 1,544 HPV-associated cancers in 2012, 1,242 would have been preventable by the 4vHPV vaccine and an additional 187 anogenital cancers by the 9vHPV vaccine. Conclusions: Vaccination using 4vHPV vaccine has had a large demonstrable impact on HPV-related disease in Australia. A switch to 9vHPV could further reduce the HPV-associated cancer burden. With continued high coverage among both males and females, elimination of vaccine-type HPV disease seems achievable in Australia.

scholarly journals Economic and disease burden of Japanese encephalitis in Zhejiang Province, 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009505
Author(s):  
Xuan Deng ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Zi-qiao Li ◽  
Xue-wen Tang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Life Years

Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease and associated with high mortality and disability rate among symptomatic cases. In the absence of local data, this study estimated the economic burden and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to JE in Zhejiang Province, China during 2013–2018, to increase disease awareness and provide evidence for effective health policy. Methodology/Principle findings We merged multiple data sources, including National Notifiable Disease Registry System (NNDRS), patient interviews and medical records from corresponding hospitals for JE cases which occurred during 2013–2018 in Zhejiang Province. Direct costs were extracted from hospitals’ billing systems and patient interviews. Indirect costs and disease burden were calculated based on questionnaire survey from patient interviews and follow-up assessment by general practitioners. Given under-reporting, an expansion factor (EF) was applied to extrapolate the JE burden to the provincial level. The total economic burden of JE during 2013–2018 was estimated at US $12.01 million with an EF = 3. Of this, $8.32 million was due to direct economic cost and $3.69 million to indirect cost. The disease burden of JE was 42.75 DALYs per million population (28.44 YLD, 14.28 YLL) according to the 1990 Global Burden of Disease (GBD 1990) methodology and 80.01 DALYs (53.67YLD, 26.34YLL) according to the GBD 2010 methodology. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall economic burden varied from US$ 1.73–36.42 million. The greatest variation was due to the prognosis of illness (-85.57%-203.17%), followed by occupation (-34.07%-134.12%) and age (-72.97%-47.69%). Conclusions/Significance JE imposes a heavy burden for families and society in Zhejiang Province. This study provides comprehensive empirical estimates of JE burden to increase awareness and strengthen knowledge of the public. These data may support provincial level public health decision making for prevention and control of JE. Ongoing surveillance for acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AEMS) in sentinel hospitals, is needed to further refine estimates of JE burden.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection and disease in men: Impact of HIV

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinead Delany-Moretlwe ◽  
A Chikandiwa ◽  
J Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan

There is growing evidence of a significant burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated disease in men. High rates of HPV infection have been observed in men from sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence is high. HIV infection increases HPV prevalence, incidence and persistence and is strongly associated with the development of anogenital warts and anal, penile and head and neck cancers in men. Despite increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, there appears to be little benefit in preventing the development of these cancers in HIV-positive men, making prevention of infection a priority. New prevention options that are being introduced in many African countries include male circumcision and HPV vaccination. However, more data are needed on the burden of HPV disease in men before boys are included in HPV vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology and Economic Burden ofClostridium difficileInfection in Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-Yun Choi ◽  
So-Youn Park ◽  
Young-Ae Kim ◽  
Tai-Young Yoon ◽  
Joong-Myung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
National Data

The prevalence ofClostridium difficileinfection and the associated burden have recently increased in many countries. While the main risk factors forC. difficileinfection include old age and antibiotic use, the prevalence of this infection is increasing in low-risk groups. These trends highlight the need for research onC. difficileinfection. This study pointed out the prevalence and economic burden ofC. difficileinfection and uses the representative national data which is primarily from the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, for 2008–2011. The annual economic cost was measured using a prevalence approach, which sums the costs incurred to treatC. difficileinfection.C. difficileinfection prevalence was estimated to have increased from 1.43 per 100,000 in 2008 to 5.06 per 100,000 in 2011. Moreover, mortality increased from 69 cases in 2008 to 172 in 2011. The economic cost increased concurrently, from $2.4 million in 2008 to $7.6 million, $10.5 million, and $15.8 million in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The increasing economic burden ofC. difficileinfection over the course of the study period emphasizes the need for intervention to minimize the burden of a preventable illness likeC. difficileinfection.

scholarly journals The epidemiology and direct medical costs of diseases associated with human papillomavirus infection among men in Manitoba, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan H. Righolt ◽  
Gurpreet Pabla ◽  
Salaheddin M. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Invasive Cancer ◽  
Male Resident ◽  
Direct Medical Costs

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information on the economic burden of human papillomavirus-related diseases (HPV-RDs) among men. We used province-wide clinical, administrative and accounting databases to measure the direct medical costs of HPV infections in men in Manitoba (Canada).MethodsWe included all males aged 9 years and older with health insurance coverage in Manitoba between January 1997 and December 2016. We identified HPV-RD patient cohorts and matched each patient to HPV-RD-free men. We estimated the net direct medical cost (excess cost of hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and prescription drugs) of patients compared to their matches for anogenital warts (AGWs) and HPV-caused cancers. We adjusted costs to 2017 Canadian dollars. For each condition, we attributed costs to HPV based on the etiological fraction caused by HPV infection.ResultsWe found that the median net direct medical cost was about $250 for AGW patients and $16,000 for invasive cancer patients. The total cost was about $49 million or $2.6 million per year. Overall, 54%-67% ($26-$33 million) was attributable to HPV infection according different estimates of the attributable fraction. The net annual attributable cost was $2.37-$2.95 per male resident and $161-$200 per male newborn. The estimated potential savings was 30% for the bivalent vaccine and 56%-60% for the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines.ConclusionsOverall, HPV’s economic burden on males remains significant, the average cost of treating all conditions attributable to HPV was about $180 per male newborn. Invasive cancer accounted for the majority of these costs.

scholarly journals Surgical Treatment of Vulvar HSIL: Adjuvant HPV Vaccine Reduces Recurrent Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ghelardi ◽  
Roberto Marrai ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Francesco Sopracordevole ◽  
Paola Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Data suggest that adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccination in women treated for cervical HPV diseases reduces recurrent disease. This study investigates adjuvant HPV-vaccination and the rate of recurrence in women undergoing surgery for vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). From January 2013 to April 2020, we enrolled 149 women in a prospective case-control study. The control group (NV-group) was treated by standard surgery alone, while the study group received adjuvant vaccination soon after surgery (V-group). A follow-up was performed by vulvoscopy and HPV test. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test. HSIL recurrence was observed in 24/76 (32%) patients in NV-group and in 8/42 patients (19%) of the vaccinated group. By analysing the recurrence rate related to the incident and reactivated latent HPV infection, we found a significant difference between (17/76) 22.3% in NV-group and (2/42) 4.8% in V-group (p = 0.01). A reduction of 78.5% in incident/reactivated HPV infections was demonstrated. Data results add to the current knowledge about the mechanism of post-surgical adjuvant HPV vaccination. Our prospective study is the first to document the vaccine clinical effectiveness in preventing “reactivation” of latent HPV infections. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine administered after the surgical treatment for vulvar HSIL appears to be useful in preventing recurrent disease.

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