scholarly journals Predictors of Anemia Among Pregnant Women of Under-privileged Ethnic Groups Attending Antenatal Care at Provincial Level Hospital of Province 2, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Prabesh Ghimire ◽  
Archana Amatya ◽  
Ashish Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background: This study aims to determine the predictors of anemia among pregnant women of underprivileged ethnic groups attending antenatal care at provincial level hospital of Province 2.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in Janakpur Provincial Hospital of Province 2, Southern Nepal. 287 pregnant women from underprivileged ethnic groups attending antenatal care were selected and interviewed. Face to face interviews using structured questionnaire was undertaken. Anemia status was assessed based on hemoglobin levels determined at the hospital’s laboratory. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of anemia. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23 software.Results: The overall anemia prevalence in the study population was 66.9% (95% CI 61.1-72.3). The women from most under-privileged ethnic groups (Terai Dalit, Terai Janajati and Muslims) were twice more likely to be anemic than Madhesi women. Similarly, women having education lower than secondary level were about 3 times more likely to be anemic compared to those with secondary level or higher education. Women who had not completed four antenatal visits were twice more likely to be anemic than those completing all four visits. The odds of anemia were three times higher among pregnant women who had not taken deworming medication compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, women with inadequate dietary diversity were four times more likely to be anemic compared to women having adequate dietary diversity.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia is a severe public health problem among the pregnant women of under-privileged ethnic groups in Province 2. Being Dalit, Janajati and Muslim, having lower education, less frequent antenatal visits, not receiving deworming medication and having inadequate dietary diversity are found to be the significant predictors. The present study highlights the need of improving the frequency of antenatal visits and coverage of deworming program in ethnic populations. Furthermore, promoting a dietary diversity at the household level would help lower the prevalence of anemia. The study findings also imply that the nutrition interventions to control anemia must target and reach pregnant women from most-marginalized ethnic groups and those with lower education.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anemia among Pregnant Women of Underprivileged Ethnic Groups Attending Antenatal Care at Provincial Level Hospital of Province 2, Nepal

Anemia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Prabesh Ghimire ◽  
Archana Amatya ◽  
Ashish Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. This study aims at determining the factors associated with anemia among pregnant women of underprivileged ethnic groups attending antenatal care at the provincial level hospital of Province 2. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Janakpur Provincial Hospital of Province 2, Southern Nepal. 287 pregnant women from underprivileged ethnic groups attending antenatal care were selected and interviewed. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were undertaken. Anemia status was assessed based on hemoglobin levels determined at the hospital’s laboratory. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with anemia. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23 software. Results. The overall anemia prevalence in the study population was 66.9% (95% CI, 61.1–72.3). The women from most underprivileged ethnic groups (Terai Dalit, Terai Janajati, and Muslims) were twice more likely to be anemic than Madhesi women. Similarly, women having education lower than secondary level were about 3 times more likely to be anemic compared to those with secondary level or higher education. Women who had not completed four antenatal visits were twice more likely to be anemic than those completing all four visits. The odds of anemia were three times higher among pregnant women who had not taken deworming medication compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, women with inadequate dietary diversity were four times more likely to be anemic compared to women having adequate dietary diversity. Conclusions. The prevalence of anemia is a severe public health problem among pregnant women of underprivileged ethnic groups in Province 2. Being Dalit, Janajati, and Muslim, having lower education, less frequent antenatal visits, not receiving deworming medication, and having inadequate dietary diversity are found to be the significant factors. The present study highlights the need of improving the frequency of antenatal visits and coverage of deworming program in ethnic populations. Furthermore, promoting a dietary diversity at the household level would help lower the prevalence of anemia. The study findings also imply that the nutrition interventions to control anemia must target and reach pregnant women from the most-marginalized ethnic groups and those with lower education.

scholarly journals Dietary Habits Associated with Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyasiro S Gibore ◽  
Agatha F Ngowi ◽  
Mariam J Munyogwa ◽  
Mwanaisha M Ali
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background Anemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women and increases the risks of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 50% of all anemia is estimated to be caused by low dietary intake of iron, poor absorption of dietary iron, or blood loss. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and assess the dietary habits associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Unguja Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted to select 338 pregnant women at Kivunge, Mwembeladu and Mnazimmoja hospitals from March to June, 2018. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using a HemoCue photometer on capillary blood. Sociodemographic data and dietary habits were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 21.0. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors of anemia among pregnant women. The overall prevalence of anemia was 80.8%. Of these 68.64% had mild anemia, 11.24% had moderate anemia and 0.89% had severe anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with inadequate dietary diversity (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.16, 95%CI = 0.57–2.36, p < 0.05), drinking tea or coffee with meal (AOR = 0.06, 95%CI = 0.03–0.13, p < 0.001), consuming less than three meals per day (AOR = 2.92, 95%CI = 1.60–5.84, p < 0.001), higher education level (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI = 1.6–7.2, p < 0.0001), birth interval of less than two years (AOR = 3.6, 95%CI = 1.1–11.9, p < 0.05) and multigravida (AOR = 1.2, 95% = 0.3–4.4, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of anemia in this study demonstrates a severe public health problem among pregnant women. Inadequate dietary diversity coupled with inadequate daily meal intake and consumption of tea or coffee were the dietary habits predictors of anemia among pregnant women. Other predictors of anemia were higher education level, multigravida and birth interval of less than two years. Nutrition policy interventions are needed in order to complement antenatal care services by providing important information on healthy eating habits during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in Kolfe Keranyo sub city health center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegahun Worku Brhanie ◽  
Walelgn Tefera ◽  
Mamo Dereje
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Adequate and healthy diet during pregnancy is essential for the health of both mother and newborn. Dietary diversity is a proxy indicator of maternal nutrient adequacy. However, little is documented on the prevalence of dietary diversity among pregnant women. This study was aimed to assess the dietary diversity practice and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health centers of the coffee keranyo sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 406 randomly selected pregnant women attending ANC in health centers of the coffee keranyo sub city, Addis Ababa from March 2-April 2/ 2018. Data were collected by using interviewer and 24 H dietary recall method. Data had entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Multiple logistic regression was run to assess factors associated with the dependent variable at P<0.05. Results: The mean Dietary Diversity Score of pregnant women was 5. 45+-1. 83. About 60.9% of pregnant women had good dietary diversity practice. Pregnant women who learned collage and above had more dietary diversity practice than the illiterate one [AOR=2.26, 95% CI: (1.066, 4.808)]. Pregnant women with monthly income more than 5,000 ETB had more dietary diversity than income less than 2,000 ETB [AOR=2.33, 95% CI: (1.234, 4.416)]. Pregnant women at second antenatal care visit had more dietary diversity than at the first visit [AOR=2.42, 95% CI: (1.183, 4.952)]. Having nutrition information during pregnancy increases 2 times better dietary diversity practice than none informed ones [AOR=2.10, 95% CI: (1.294, 3.422)].Conclusions: The mean Dietary Diversity Score of pregnant mothers was 5.45. And 60.9% of pregnant women had a good dietary diversity score, whereas 39.1 % of them had a poor diet diversity score. Mothers’ education, monthly income, second and third antenatal care visit and nutrition information had a significantly associated with pregnant mothers’ dietary diversity.

scholarly journals Maternal minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Girma Tilahun ◽  
Abebaw Molla Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Abstract Background Inadequate dietary diversity intake during pregnancy increases risks of intrauterine growth restriction, abortion, low birth weight, preterm birth, prenatal and infant mortality,and morbidity and has long-lasting health impacts. Dietary diversity during pregnancy promotes the health status of the mother and her fetus. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 274 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Wacha primary hospital from January to February 2021. A systematic sampling method was used to select the study participants. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with maternal dietary diversity. Finally, multivariate logistic regression was done, and variables that showed P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result The magnitude of minimum dietary diversity was 51% (95% CI: 44.5, 56.7). The mean (±SD) minimum dietary diversity score was 4.5 (± 1.268) with a minimum of 1 anda maximum of 8 food groups consumed out of ten food groups. Age fewer than 25 years (AOR 4.649; 95% CI; 1.404, 15.396), and the age group between 25 to 34 years (AOR 3.624; 95% CI: 1.315, 10.269), husband age group of 26 to 34 years (AOR 2.238; 95% CI; 1.028,4.873), and 35 to 44 years (AOR 3.555; 95% CI; 1.228,10.292) and nutrition awareness of women (AOR 2.182; 95% CI; 1.243, 3.829) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. Conclusion The consumption of minimum dietary diversity of the pregnant mothers was found to be low. Women aged less than 25 and age between 25 to 34 years, husband’s age between 26 to 34 and 35 to 44 years, and nutrition awareness were the factors significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. Therefore, providing nutrition education and counseling service warranted to promote maternal dietary diversity.

scholarly journals Faktor Berhubungan dengan Rendahnya Kunjungan Antenatal pada Kontak Pertama Pemeriksaan Ibu Hamil (K-1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Moh. Rivandi Dengo ◽  
Idjrak Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antenatal Visits

The coverage of Antenatal Care (ANC) visits in Gorontalo District during the last three years is as follows: the first visit of the pregnant women in 2015 reached 90%, the visit in the following year in 2016 decreased to 76%, and the visit in 2017 reached 89,86%. This research aims to find out the factors related to the decrease of Antenatal Care in accordance with the decrease in the Antenatal Care visits in the first contact of pregnant women checking K-1 in the working area of Community Health Center Bongomeme Gorontalo District in 2018. The population of the current research was all pregnant women listed in Kohort pregnant women book in the Community Health Center Bogomeme in 2018 there were 163 pregnant women participated. The research design used was a cross sectional study approach. The obtained data were subsequently examined using chi-square test by referring to p value < 0,005. The research results shown that the parity variable of the pregnancy has p value of 0,038, pregnant women knowledge has p value of 0,012, and pregnant women job has p value of 0,000. Thus, this variable has a parity of pregnancy, knowledge of pregnant women and occupation of pregnant women has a relationship with antenatal visits (K-1), while family support variables with p value of 0.478 means that this variable has no relationship with antenatal visits (K-1). The conclusion was the parity, pregnant women knowledge, and pregnant women occupation have the significant relationship with the antenatal care visits (K-1), while the family support has no significant relationship with antenatal visits (K-1). The pregnant women should maintain the pregnancy spacing, maintain the pregnancy health, and increase their knowledge.Cakupan kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) di Kabupaten Gorontalo selama tiga tahun terakhir adalah cakupan kunjungan pertama ibu hamil (K-1) tahun 2015 mencapai 90%, pada tahun berikutnya tahun 2016 terjadi penurunan yaitu 76% dan pada tahun 2017 mencapai 89,86%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rendahnya kunjungan Antenatal Care pada kontak pertama pemeriksaan ibu hamil K-1 pada Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bongomeme Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun 2018. Adapun populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil tercatat di buku kohort ibu hamil Puskesmas Bongomeme tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak 163 orang ibu hamil. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan cross sectional study. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan uji statistic chi square dengan melihat nilai p value < 0,005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variable paritas kehamilan dengan nilai p value 0,038, pengetahuan ibu hamil nilai p value 0,012, dan pekerjaan ibu hamil nilai p value 0,000. Artinya variabel paritas kehamilan, pengetahuan ibu hamil dan pekerjaan ibu hamil memiliki hubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal (K-1). Sedangkan variabel dukungan keluarga nilai p value 0,478 ini berarti variabel dukungan keluarga tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal (K-1). Disimpulkan bahwa paritas, pengetahuan ibu, pekerjaan ibu ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan kunjungan antenatal K-I, sedangkan dukungan keluarga tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kunjungan antenatal (K-I). Ibu hamil agar lebih menjaga jarak kehamilan, menjaga kesehatan kehamilan, meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil.

scholarly journals Effects of Electronic Technology Antenatal Care (E-ANC) on Midwives and Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Rosmala Nur ◽  
St. Radiah ◽  
Ulfa Aulia ◽  
Rahma Rahma Dwilarasati ◽  
Nurhaya S. Patui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Electronic Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antenatal Visits

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are considered as a risk group for exposure to COVID-19. Changes in their hormones and immune systems possibly influence their rate of infection by several viruses, including the coronavirus. This stresses the need to observe necessary precautions, by maintaining social distancing, avoiding crowds, and staying at home. Furthermore, the condition also influences the scope of pregnant women’s antenatal visits. AIM: The study aims to determine the effect of COVID-19 on antenatal visits by pregnant women. Furthermore, it seeks to ascertain the effect of electronic technology antenatal care (e-ANC) on the enhanced participation of midwives and pregnant women in antenatal care (ANC) (i.e., counseling, high-risk early detection on pregnancy, and monitoring of Hb and Fe tablets). Therefore, the impact COVID-19 on women’s reproductive health during the pandemic is also evaluated. METHODS: This research involved pre- and post-test experiments on 30 pregnant women and 20 midwives at areas around the Public Health Centers in Tinggiede and Marawola. A purposive sampling technique was adopted, and the results were analyzed using a paired t-test. RESULTS: The study showed discrepancies in the ANC visits of pregnant women before and after the COVID-19 lockdown period, with p < 0.00. Furthermore, there were also differences in midwife participation in counseling by p < 0.00, high-risk early detection on pregnancy by p < 0.001, Hb monitoring by p < 0.002, and provision of Fe tablets by p < 0.003 during the pandemic. Moreover, the pregnant women showed variations in the frequency of counseling by p < 0.00, high-risk early detection on pregnancy by p < 0.00, Hb monitoring by p < 0.002, and the provision of Fe tablets by p < 0.003. The e-ANC instigated a decline in reproductive health problems before (73.4%) and after (10.0%) the intervention. CONCLUSION: The lockdown period influences the low antenatal visits of pregnant women. However, e-ANC for midwives and pregnant women is developed as an alternative solution to improve ANC (i.e., counseling, high-risk early detection, and monitoring Hb and Fe tablets). This consequently has an effect on the reduced reproductive health problems of pregnant women during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Minimum Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Government Health Facilities of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegegn Tadesse ◽  
Abera Beyamo ◽  
Yilma Markos ◽  
Dawit Sulamo ◽  
Lire Lema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity ◽  
Pregnant Mothers ◽  
Hadiya Zone

Abstract Background: Dietary diversity is a good proxy indicator for micronutrient adequacy in pregnant women. Despite some improvements in dietary intake among pregnant mothers, achieving the minimum dietary diversity among them is still a great challenge in Ethiopia. There are no enough studies done on minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women and factors identified were more of local based. Therefore this study determined the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in government health facilities of Soro district, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: This is the facility based study conducted in government health facilities of Soro district, Hadiya Zone from Oct. 2020-Jan 2021. Cross sectional study design was undertaken by using systematic sampling on 422 pregnant women attending antenatal care. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association of independent variables with outcome variable.Result: From the total of the 422 study subjects, 416 pregnant women attending antenatal care were participated in the study and making the response rate 98.6 percent. The overall prevalence of pregnant mothers who have met the minimum dietary diversity was only 7.9%. Maternal educational status being grade nine above, eating meal more than three times per day and women being currently not married were factors found to be significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in government health facilities.Conclusion: The prevalence of the minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women attending ANC in public health facilities of Soro district was very low and far from national and international recommendations to enhance the maternal food diversity. Inter sectoral collaboration is very important to enhance the minimum dietary diversity during pregnancy and should be worked intensively and in an integrated manner.

scholarly journals Reinventing the Pregnancy Wheel to Improve Pregnancy Dating and Antenatal Care Visits: A Pilot Randomized Trial in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Mary Stokes ◽  
Amber Olson ◽  
Mtisunge Chan'gombe ◽  
Bakari Rajab ◽  
Isabel Janmey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
World Health ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a customized, culturally sensitive pregnancy wheel given to pregnant women to improve gestational age dating accuracy at the time of delivery and to improve antenatal care attendance. Methods: This was a pilot randomized trial involving pregnant women presenting to a regional hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The primary outcome was accuracy of gestational age at the time of presentation to the hospital in labor. The secondary outcome was the number of antenatal visits. Results: At final analysis, 14 subjects were included in the pregnancy wheel (intervention) arm and 11 in the standard care arm. Fifty percent (n=7) of women in the intervention arm were accurately dated at the time of presentation for delivery, compared to only 9% (n=1) in the standard antenatal care arm (p=0.04). There was not a significant difference in the number of antenatal visits between the two study arms. No patients met the World Health Organization’s recommended eight antenatal care visits for prenatal care. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The customized pregnancy wheel given to patients could improve gestational age dating accuracy, and as a result, clinical decision making. However, the barriers to greater antenatal care access are more complex and likely require a more complex solution. Significant attrition in this pilot trial limited statistical power, suggesting the need for future larger interventions. Accurate gestational dating requires access to ultrasonography and early antenatal care initiation, both of which are inadequate in Malawi. Although the customized pregnancy wheel did not improve antenatal care attendance, it improved gestational age dating accuracy in a pilot study at a central hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi.   Copyright © 2021 Stokes et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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