scholarly journals Laser-stimulated fluorescence reveals unseen details in fossils from the Solnhofen Limestone (Upper Jurassic, Bavaria, Germany)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Barlow ◽  
Michael Pittman ◽  
David Martill ◽  
Thomas Kaye ◽  
Anthony Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Laser Light ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Laser Beam Intensity ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Invertebrate Fossils ◽  
Full Body ◽  
Solnhofen Limestone

Abstract Laser-Stimulated Fluorescence (LSF) has seen increased use in palaeontological investigations in recent years. The method uses the high flux of laser light to reveal details sometimes missed by ultraviolet (UV) and optical wavelengths. In this study, we compare the results of LSF with UV on a range of fossils from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone Konservat-Lagerstätte of Bavaria, Germany. The methodology follows previous protocols with modifications made to enhance laser beam intensity. Our experiments show the value of LSF in revealing shallow subsurface detail of specimens, previously not widely applied to Solnhofen fossils. In particular, fossil decapods from the Solnhofen Limestone reveal full body outlines, even under the matrix, along with details of segmentation within the appendages such as limbs and antennae. The results indicate that LSF can be used on both vertebrate and invertebrate fossils and may surpass the information provided by traditional UV methods in some specimens.

scholarly journals Laser-stimulated fluorescence reveals unseen details in fossils from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestones

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke A. Barlow ◽  
Michael Pittman ◽  
Anthony Butcher ◽  
David M. Martill ◽  
Thomas G. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Laser Beam Intensity ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Invertebrate Fossils ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
First Time ◽  
Solnhofen Limestone

Laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF) has seen increased use in palaeontological investigations in recent years. The method uses the high flux of laser light of visible wavelengths to reveal details sometimes missed by traditional long-wave ultraviolet (UV) methods using a lamp. In this study, we compare the results of LSF with UV-A-generated fluorescence on a range of fossils from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone Konservat-Lagerstätte of Bavaria, Germany. The methodology follows previous protocols of LSF with modifications made to enhance laser beam intensity, namely keeping the laser at a constant distance from the specimen, using a camera track. Our experiments show that along with making surface details more vivid than UV-A or revealing them for the first time, LSF has the additional value of revealing shallow subsurface specimen detail. Fossil decapods from the Solnhofen Limestone reveal full body outlines, even under the matrix, along with details of segmentation within the appendages such as limbs and antennae. The results indicate that LSF can be used on invertebrate fossils along with vertebrates and may often surpass the information provided by traditional UV methods.

A New Specimen of Archaeopteryx

Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 240 (4860) ◽  
pp. 1790-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wellnhofer
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Solnhofen Limestone

A new specimen of the primordial bird Archaeopteryx is reported from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of Bavaria. This "Solnhofen specimen" is the largest of now six skeletal specimens and shows dose similarities with the London specimen. It is therefore assigned to Archaeopteryx lithographica Meyer. Clear impressions of the feather shafts of the left wing are preserved.

On Ammonites from Spitsbergen

1921 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Spath
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Invertebrate Fossils ◽  
Near Future

Of the rich collections of fossils made by Professors J. W. Gregory and E. J. Garwood, as members of Sir Martin Conway's expedition to Spitsbergen in 1896, only a few Labyrinthodont remains, so far, have been described; but through the kind offices of Dr. A. Smith Woodward, the writer some time ago was entrusted with the naming of the Cephalopoda in those collections. The Ammonites are of the greatest interest, both from a palæontological and a stratigraphical point of view; and in view of the impossibility of publishing, in the near future, a full description of the fauna, with the necessary number of plates, it is intended to give a short preliminary account of these Cephalopoda. It is matter for regret that other groups of invertebrate fossils, such as the Triassic Pelecypoda, or the Upper Jurassic Aucellids, could not be dealt with, and their detailed study, probably, would yield important results. Spitsbergen Vertebrata, on the other hand, always have received considerable attention.

scholarly journals Lithology of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits of the eastern part of the Myrgovaam and Rauchua depressions, Western Chukotka

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Vatrushkina ◽  
◽  
Marianna I. Tuchkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Tectonic Environment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
Facies Variation ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Cretaceous Deposits

Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits were formed on the South-Western margin of the Chukotka terrane in active tectonic environment. Their stratigraphic units characterized by sedimentary structures and lithology similarities, facies variation and scarcity of reliable fauna findings. Detailed lithological studies are necessary due to the absence of a unified approach to the stratigraphic division of deposits. The paper presents petrographic, geochemical, and isotope-geochemical characteristics of Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks. The stages of changing the sedimentation conditions and sources, which determined the differences in sedimentological features and the composition of the studied strata, are reconstructed. The Oxford-Kimmeridgian section is composed of sandy debris flow deposits with an arcosic composition of psammitic differences. Among their sources, ancient granitoids dominated, while siliciclastic rocks, volcanites and metamorphic complexes were secondary. Volgian-valanginian interval is characterized by the accumulation of sediments in various parts of the submarine fan. In Volgian sequences fine -, medium - and coarse-grained turbidites with lenses of small-pebble conglomerates are identified. A large number of simultaneous pyroclastic material in the Volgian deposits indicates the synchronous volcanic activity. In the Volgian period, the province was dominated by volcanites, mainly of the basaltic and andesitic composition, siliciclastic rocks were present in smaller amount. The Berriasin section is composed of fine-grained turbidites with single horizons of medium-grained turbidites and gravelitic lenses, as well as slope deposits in the form of rhythmically interbedded sandstones and mudstones with slump structures. Sandstones have greywacke composition and contain an admixture of ash material in the matrix. The main sources for Berriasian deposits were siliciclastic rocks and felsic volcanic complexes. The Valanginian section is represented by fine and medium-grained turbidites with horizons of amalgamated sandstones. Sandstones are classified as arkoses by the ratio of rock-forming components. The dominant source in the Valanginian time was ancient granitoids, while siliciclastic rocks and volcanites were secondary.

Solnhofener Plattenkalk: a heritage stone of international significance from Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kölbl-Ebert ◽  
B. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
High Price ◽  
Natural History Museums ◽  
Early Bird ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
The World ◽  
Jurassic Limestone ◽  
Solnhofen Limestone

AbstractIn Bavaria (Germany), between Solnhofen and Kelheim, numerous quarries allow utilization of a thinly plated Upper Jurassic limestone known in German as the Solnhofener Plattenkalk and in English as Solnhofen Limestone. Here limestone slabs have been quarried for centuries and it is not necessary to cut the limestone with a saw as it can be split conveniently into thin and even slabs or sheets which are used for floor tiles and wall cladding. Thick slabs of especially fine quality have been used for lithography. This later utilization began in the late eighteenth century with lithographic Solnhofen Limestone soon being marketed worldwide. The industry continues on a smaller scale today. Slabs are quarried by hand so as not to break them, accounting for their high price. Because of this ‘gentle’ quarrying method, fossils have also been found. Although rare, over time many Solnhofen fossil specimens have found their way into natural history museums throughout the world. Most noteworthy is the early bird Archaeopteryx. Given its utilitarian usage worldwide as a lithographic stone, and its sale for centuries as floor tiles, coupled with its being a source of unique fossils, Solnhofener Plattenkalk is recommended here as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.

On the taxonomic status of Cycnorhamphus and Gallodactylus (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea)

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Bennett
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
World War ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Solnhofen Limestone

One of the rarest pterosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of southern Germany is Pterodactylus suevicus. Only two specimens are known: the holotype, consisting of a virtually complete skeleton described by Quenstedt (1855); and a second specimen, consisting of only postcranial elements described by Wagner (1858) and lost during World War II (Wellnhofer, 1970). Seeley (1870) noted that P. suevicus differed from P. antiquus, the type species of Pterodactylus, in a number of significant points. Therefore, he placed P. suevicus in a new genus, Cycnorhamphus. Seeley (1870:111) gave the following diagnosis of Cycnorhamphus:“Nares very small, looking upward from a swan-like beak. The middle hole of the skull very large and elongated and lateral. Neck long. Wing-metacarpal long. Four joints in wing-finger. Ilium widening in front. Epipubic bones meeting mesially. The type is Pterodactylus suevicus (Quenstedt).”The character “nares very small” was the result of a misinterpretation of depressions on the premaxillae that probably resulted from crushing, and “middle hole of the skull” referred to the confluent naris and antorbital fenestra, which Seeley apparently considered the antorbital fenestra alone.

scholarly journals CuInSe2-Based Near-Infrared Photodetector

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sung-Tae Kim ◽  
Ji-Seon Yoo ◽  
Min-Woo Lee ◽  
Ji-Won Jung ◽  
Jae-Hyung Jang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Optical Fiber Communications ◽  
Infrared Photodetector ◽  
Fiber Communications ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
Cuinse2 Thin Film

Near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors have interesting roles in optical fiber communications and biomedical applications. Conventional NIR photodetectors have been realized using InGaAs and Ge, of which the cut-off wavelengths exceed 1500 nm. Si-based photodetectors exhibit limited external quantum efficiency at wavelengths longer than 1000 nm. By synthesizing a CuInSe2 compound on a glass substrate, photodetectors that can detect optical wavelengths longer than 1100 nm have been realized in this study. The bandgap energies of the CuInSe2 thin films were tuned by varying the Cu/In ratio from 1.02 to 0.87. The longest cut-off wavelength (1309 nm) was obtained from a CuInSe2 thin film having a Cu/In ratio of 0.87. The responsivity of the photodiode was measured under the illumination of a 1064 nm laser light. The photo responses exhibited linear response up to 2.33 mW optical illumination and a responsivity of 0.60 A/W at −0.4 V.

scholarly journals Paleontology, taphonomy, and sedimentology of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry, a large dinosaur bonebed in the Morrison Formation, western Colorado—Implications for Upper Jurassic dinosaur preservation modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Foster ◽  
ReBecca Hunt-Foster ◽  
Mark Gorman ◽  
Kelli Trujillo ◽  
Celina Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bone Modification ◽  
Western Colorado ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Many Sources

The Mygatt-Moore Quarry is a deposit of several thousand dinosaur bones in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in western Colorado. The site has been worked for more than 30 years and nearly 2400 mapped specimens have been collected. This study gathered data about the quarry from many sources to investigate the origin of the deposit. The Mygatt-Moore Quarry appears to be an attritional deposit of a relatively restricted diversity of dinosaurs, with few other non-dinosaurian taxa, that accumulated in a vernal pool deposit in an overbank setting. Bone modification was mostly by corrosion and breakage by trampling; scavenging was abundant. The paleofauna is dominated by Allosaurus and Apatosaurus (MNI and NIS), with the polacanthid ankylosaur Mymoorapelta less common. The matrix of the main quarry layer includes abundant carbonized fragments of plant material, and the mud during the time of deposition may have been often at least damp and occasionally acidic and dysoxic. The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is a close correlate of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry in terms of lithology and taphonomy, but demonstrates significant differences upon close inspection of matrix details and bone modification. Large quarries of fine-grained facies in the Morrison Formation possess a very different preservation mode as well as different taxon and relative abundance profiles from those in coarser sediments, which suggests that more may be learned in the future from taphofacies study of large quarries in mudstone beds.

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