scholarly journals Potential Metal Chelating Ability of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: A Computational Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Varnali ◽  
Mert Bozoflu ◽  
Hüseyin Şengönül ◽  
Seher İ. Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
Computational Research ◽  
Model Structures

Abstract Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are low molecular-weight (<400 Da) water soluble secondary metabolites that are attributed many functions such as antioxidants, compatible solutes, nitrogen reservoirs and especially, photostable UV-protectants. Recently, they are attracting attention due to their biotechnological and industrial potential for anti-aging and wound healing properties as well. In this study, we explored the metal chelating capacity of selected MAAs ( 4-deoxygadusol, mycosporine-glycine, mycosporine-taurine, palythine, poryphyra-334, shinorine, mycosporine-2-glycine and euhalothece-362) making use of dft calculations. We report model structures of ferrous and ferric ion-MAA complexes and their binding affinities in relation to their structural differences and multiple sites available for chelation on the MAAs. We also investigated calcium ion complexes for mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-2-glycine. Our findings support previous suggestions made to explain some experimental results obtained in earlier studies on MAAs. Lastly, we briefly mention the findings in the context of early life and hence relevance to astrobiology.

scholarly journals Microalgae as a Source of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs); Advances and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12402
Author(s):  
Subhisha Raj ◽  
Anusree M. Kuniyil ◽  
Arathi Sreenikethanam ◽  
Poornachandar Gugulothu ◽  
Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Short Generation Time ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Fungi

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are secondary metabolites, first reported in 1960 and found to be associated with the light-stimulated sporulation in terrestrial fungi. MAAs are nitrogenous, low molecular weight, water soluble compounds, which are highly stable with cyclohexenone or cycloheximine rings to store the free radicals. Microalgae are considered as a good source of different kinds of MAAs, which, in turn, has its own application in various industries due to its UV absorbing, anti-oxidant and therapeutic properties. Microalgae can be easily cultivated and requires a very short generation time, which makes them environment friendly source of biomolecules such as mycosporine-like amino acids. Modifying the cultural conditions along withmanipulation of genes associated with mycosporine-like amino acids biosynthesis can help to enhance MAAs synthesis and, in turn, can make microalgae suitable bio-refinery for large scale MAAs production. This review focuses on properties and therapeutic applications of mycosporine like amino acids derived from microalgae. Further attention is drawn on various culture and genetic engineering approaches to enhance the MAAs production in microalgae.

scholarly journals Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Analysis of the Compatible Solute Nγ-Acetyl-L-2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Lea Martin ◽  
Wilhelm Klein ◽  
Sebastian P. Schwaminger ◽  
Thomas F. Fässler ◽  
Sonja Berensmeier
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Diaminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cooling Crystallization

Compatible solutes are low molecular weight, highly water-soluble and neutrally net-charged molecules with various protective functionalities that accumulate and are produced in microorganisms. Their multi-purpose functionalities, also adaptable in vitro, make them potential components in healthcare and cosmetic products. One promising but insufficiently examined representative of this molecule class is Nγ-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (γ-NADA), the metabolic precursor of ectoine. Here, we demonstrate the crystallization ability of γ-NADA by using cooling crystallization in aqueous solvents and find that it forms rod-shaped crystals. According to a single crystal structure determination, γ-NADA is orthorhombic with space group P212121 and a = 5.3647(1), b = 8.3652(2), c = 16.9149(5) Å, Z = 4, R1 = 3.48%, wR2 = 7.33% (all data). Additionally, γ-NADA is analyzed via Raman, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Obtaining and estimating the potential of protein nutraceuticals from highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Mezenova ◽  
S. V. Agafonova ◽  
O. Ya. Mezenova ◽  
L. S. Baidalinova ◽  
T. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials (tibia, fibula and costal bones) are a source of valuable protein nutraceuticals. They include high molecular weight proteins, oligopeptides and amino acids, which anabolic and physiological potential is used insufficiently. Protein nutraceuticals were obtained by high-temperature hydrolysis of beef raw materials in combination with enzymolysis by proteolytic enzyme preparations Alcalase 2,5 L, Protamex, Protosubtilin G3x. The water-soluble fraction of hydrolysates was studied after its separation and freeze-drying on the content of nitrogenous compounds, fats, minerals, formol-titrated nitrogen, fractional molecular composition. The mathematical dependencies of accumulation of low molecular weight products of protein hydrolysis on enzymolysis duration and doses of different enzyme preparations were obtained. The rational technological scheme of complex processing of beef raw materials with production of protein, fat and mineral-protein additives was proposed. The protein weight fraction in the freeze-dried protein hydrolysates was 69.5–89.6%. All studied protein additives contained peptides with a molecular weight of not more than 100 kDa. The content of low-molecular weight oligopeptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa in the protein additives obtained by enzymatic thermal hydrolysis was more than 90%. The amino acid composition of protein additives produced by different hydrolytic methods was analyzed. Sensory and functional-technological properties of freeze-dried protein compositions were studied. The amino acid potential, high assimilability and physiological activity of protein nutraceuticals from collagen-containing beef raw materials were established. It is recommended to use them in the composition of specialized biologically active additives (BAAs) to food of the osteotropic direction in recipes of specialized and personalized products as a source of amino acids and active peptides.

scholarly journals Methods of plant root exudates analysis: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dundek ◽  
Ladislav Holík ◽  
Tomáš Rohlík ◽  
Ladislav Hromádko ◽  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Electrophoresis Of Proteins

The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on methods being used to determine individual compounds and properties of water-soluble plant root exudates. These compounds include amino acids, organic acids and simple sugars, as well as polysaccharides, proteins and organic substances. Qualitative composition of water-soluble root exudates and exudation rate are commonly measured with the aim of consequent synthetic preparation of plant root exudates to be supplied to soil to create artificial rhizosphere for different experimental purposes. Root exudates collection usually requires consequent filtration or centrifugation to remove solids, root detritus and microbial cell debris, and consequent concentration using an evaporator, lyophilizator or ultrafiltration. Methods used for analysis of total groups of compounds (total proteins and total carbohydrates) and total organic carbon are simple. On the other hand, HPLC or GS/MS are commonly used to analyse individual low molecular weight organic molecules (sugars, organic acids and amino acids) with separation using different columns. Other properties such as pH, conductivity or activity of different enzymes as well as gel electrophoresis of proteins are sometimes assessed. All of these methods are discussed in this work.

scholarly journals Participation of stem and ear photosynthesis in formation of the crop and its quality in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chikov ◽  
Guzel A. Akhtyamova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triton X

Photosynthesis of various organs and their contribution to formation of ear caryopsis were measured using14CO2 labeled carbon in the phase of caryopsis formation of spring wheat plants (Moskovskaya-35). It turned out that inclusion of14C into amino acids is more than twice as high in photosynthesis of an ear. Among labeled low molecular weight compounds in caryopsis, during a short exposure (2 hours) after photosynthesis, the most of the labeled carbon in the14CO2 was found from the photoassimilates of the flag leaf (70.4%); from the ear (55.8%), and the least – from the stem under the flag (41.5%). The difference in inclusion of14C into the caryopsis’ total proteins was observed only with a short exposure of the photosynthesizing organ (2 hours). Water-soluble proteins, as products of photosynthesis of the flag leaf, were synthesized for the most in the caryopsis (flag – 73.9%; stem – 46.4% and ear – 44.8%), and in the synthesis of complex proteins, which are soluble in alkali and Triton X-100, most of14C was from the products of photosynthesis of non-leaf organs (10.5; 21.5; 28.4 and 4.3; 12.5; 13.4), respectively.

ANALISA KANDUNGAN BETA-GLUKAN LARUT AIR DAN LARUT ALKALI DARI TUBUH BUAH JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus) DAN SHIITAKE (Lentinus edodes)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netty Widyastuti ◽  
Teguh Baruji ◽  
Henky Isnawan ◽  
Priyo Wahyudi ◽  
Donowati Donowati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Difference

Beta glucan is a polysaccharide compound, generally not soluble inwater and resistant to acid. Beta glucan is used as an immunomodulator (enhancing the immune system) in mammals is usually a beta-glucan soluble in water, easily absorbed and has a low molecular weight. Several example of beta-glucan such as cellulose (β-1 ,4-glucan), lentinan (β-1 0.6-glucan) and (β-1 ,3-glucan), pleuran (β-1, 6 and β-1 ,3-glucan) are isolated from species of fungi Basidiomycota include mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus edodes).The purpose of thisresearch activity is to obtain beta-glucan compound that can be dissolved in water and in alkali derived from fungi Basidiomycota, i.e, Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus edodes). The result of beta-glucan compared to characterize the resulting beta glucan that is molecular structure . The difference of beta glucan extraction is based on the differences in solubility of beta-glucan. Beta glucan could be water soluble and insoluble water.

Interactions of water-soluble zinc porphyrin with amino acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mikros ◽  
A. Gaudemer ◽  
R. Pasternack
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zinc Porphyrin ◽  
Soluble Zinc

scholarly journals Incorporation of alternative amino acids into cyanophycin by different cyanophycin synthetases heterologously expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Wördemann ◽  
Lars Wiefel ◽  
Volker F. Wendisch ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cyanophycin Synthetase ◽  
Potential Precursor

AbstractCyanophycin (multi-l-arginyl-poly-l-aspartic acid; also known as cyanophycin grana peptide [CGP]) is a biopolymer that could be used in various fields, for example, as a potential precursor for the synthesis of polyaspartic acid or for the production of CGP-derived dipeptides. To extend the applications of this polymer, it is therefore of interest to synthesize CGP with different compositions. A recent re-evaluation of the CGP synthesis in C. glutamicum has shown that C. glutamicum is a potentially interesting microorganism for CGP synthesis with a high content of alternative amino acids. This study shows that the amount of alternative amino acids can be increased by using mutants of C. glutamicum with altered amino acid biosynthesis. With the DM1729 mutant, the lysine content in the polymer could be increased up to 33.5 mol%. Furthermore, an ornithine content of up to 12.6 mol% was achieved with ORN2(Pgdh4). How much water-soluble or insoluble CGP is synthesized is strongly related to the used cyanophycin synthetase. CphADh synthesizes soluble CGP exclusively. However, soluble CGP could also be isolated from cells expressing CphA6308Δ1 or CphA6308Δ1_C595S in addition to insoluble CGP in all examined strains. The point mutation in CphA6308Δ1_C595S partially resulted in a higher lysine content. In addition, the CGP content could be increased to 36% of the cell dry weight under optimizing growth conditions in C. glutamicum ATCC13032. All known alternative major amino acids for CGP synthesis (lysine, ornithine, citrulline, and glutamic acid) could be incorporated into CGP in C. glutamicum.

scholarly journals A Water-Soluble Copper-Immobilized Covalent Organic Framework Functioning as an “OFF–ON” Fluorescent Sensor for Amino Acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa Reda Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy ◽  
Cheng-Tang Pan ◽  
Shiao-Wei Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Covalent Organic Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
Organic Framework

In this paper, we describe the construction of a new fluorescent hydroxyl- and hydrazone-based covalent organic framework (TFPB-DHTH COF) through the one-pot polycondensation of 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalohydrazide (DHTH) under...

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