scholarly journals Deforestation in the Legal Amazon: The Impacts of Human Action on the Regional Climate Scenario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Valadares Ferreira ◽  
Arthur Amaral Silva ◽  
Vitor Juste Santos ◽  
Maria Lúcia Calijuri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Abstract The Legal Amazon was established by the Brazilian government in 1953, in order to plan and provide for the social and economic development of the Amazon region. This is a region of great importance due to the maintenance of biogeochemical cycles that the forest exercises and for being a biodiversity hotspot. Amazon has been suffering from an intense and rapid change in land use and coverage, where deforestation and forest fragmentation stem from the agriculture expansion and wood exploitation. Therefore, this work aimed to identify and measure changes in the hydrological cycle and in the dynamics of climatic elements caused by human activities in the Legal Amazon. In addition, predictions of land use and land cover conditions were made for the years 2040, 2070 and 2099 allowing the knowledge of the level of long-term deforestation in this area. To achieve the objective, data from the study area were collected and standardized. The data was processed and compared, using the Land Change Modeler and Earth Trends Modeler modules. The results obtained by the modules are interrelated. Hydrological and climatic variables are impacted by changes in land use and coverage, from the expansion anthropic activities over natural vegetation, mainly in the area defined in this study, where the direct impact on NDVI is evident. These results corroborate to show that, in the legal Amazon, the forest has a direct influence on the climate. In this context, the failure to adopt conservationist practices and contain the natural forest suppression, increases deforestation, causing changes in the variables studied, tending to a worsening of climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Rational use of the natural potential of subarctic regions for sustainable territorial development

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Vera Kuznetsova ◽  
Elza Kuznetsova ◽  
Aliya Kushanova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Subarctic Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Peasant Farm

The issues of food security and sustainable development of territories are of particular relevance nowadays. From this perspective, analyzing the sustainable use of the natural potential of regions is a priority for the global scientific community. The challenges of improving food security and achieving sustainable territorial development in the subarctic regions are particularly significant against the backdrop of ongoing changes in the natural and climatic conditions. Sustainable development of the subarctic regions requires the sustainable use of natural resources, preservation of natural potential, access to natural and cultural treasures, and consideration of the interests and opinions of the population and businesses in the planning of the social and economic development of the territories. This paper presents a plan for the establishment of a peasant (farm) enterprise located in the subarctic region. The profitability of the peasant (farm) enterprise in question was 18%, with a payback period of 5.5 years. The results of the study can be used in the implementation of regional SME development programmes.

scholarly journals Regional Climate Change in Tropical and Northern Africa due to Greenhouse Forcing and Land Use Changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Paeth ◽  
Kai Born ◽  
Robin Girmes ◽  
Ralf Podzun ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
African Climate ◽  
Simulated Climate

Abstract Human activity is supposed to affect the earth’s climate mainly via two processes: the emission of greenhouse gases and aerosols and the alteration of land cover. While the former process is well established in state-of-the-art climate model simulations, less attention has been paid to the latter. However, the low latitudes appear to be particularly sensitive to land use changes, especially in tropical Africa where frequent drought episodes were observed during recent decades. Here several ensembles of long-term transient climate change experiments are presented with a regional climate model to estimate the future pathway of African climate under fairly realistic forcing conditions. Therefore, the simulations are forced with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations as well as land use changes until 2050. Three different scenarios are prescribed in order to assess the range of options inferred from global political, social, and economical development. The authors find a prominent surface heating and a weakening of the hydrological cycle over most of tropical Africa, resulting in enhanced heat stress and extended dry spells. In contrast, the large-scale atmospheric circulation in upper levels is less affected, pointing to a primarily local effect of land degradation on near-surface climate. In the model study, it turns out that land use changes are primarily responsible for the simulated climate response. In general, simulated climate changes are not concealed by internal variability. Thus, the effect of land use changes has to be accounted for when developing more realistic scenarios for future African climate.

scholarly journals Public policies on water resources for the brazilian northeastern semiarid region

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique da Silva Lima ◽  
Maria Losangela Martins de Sousa ◽  
Larissa da Silva Ferreira Alves ◽  
José Elesbão de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study has as main objective to identify the strategies taken by the municipal managers to adapt to the periods of greatest water difficulties in the northeastern semiarid, more specifically in the city of Doutor Severiano-RN, showing the importance of the development of these strategies in the region. Methodology / Approach: Research were made on the subject to identify which strategies were developed in the municipality, in addition, some field observations were made to identify the municipal public policies developed over the years. Conclusions: It is concluded with this study that it is essential to know the place and seek the best strategy to develop and apply these policies based on the characteristics of each region, considering the importance that they have for the social and economic development of the semiarid populations. Research limitations: The sample was extracted from works that addressed the topic in question, thus making the parallel of discourse between theory and practice. Originality / Value of the article: The study presents the strategies developed in the city of Doutor Severiano, to adapt to the periods of greatest water difficulties in the region, according to the climatic conditions of the place.

scholarly journals A Smart Sensor-Based Measurement System for Advanced Bee Hive Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Cecchi ◽  
Susanna Spinsante ◽  
Alessandro Terenzi ◽  
Simone Orcioni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Status

The widespread decline of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies registered in recent years has raised great attention to the need of gathering deeper knowledge about this phenomenon, by observing the colonies’ activity to identify possible causes, and design corresponding countermeasures. In fact, honey bees have well-known positive effects on both the environment and human life, and their preservation becomes critical not only for ecological reasons, but also for the social and economic development of rural communities. Smart sensor systems are being developed for real-time and long-term measurement of relevant parameters related to beehive conditions, such as the hive weight, sounds emitted by the bees, temperature, humidity, and CO 2 inside the beehive, as well as weather conditions outside. This paper presents a multisensor platform designed to measure the aforementioned parameters from beehives deployed in the field, and shows how the fusion of different sensor measurements may provide insights on the status of the colony, its interaction with the surrounding environment, and the influence of climatic conditions.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

Socio-cultural Resource for Kazakhstan Modernization

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stavinskaya ◽  
E. Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Features

The opportunities of the competitive advantages use of the social and cultural capital for pro-modernization institutional reforms in Kazakhstan are considered in the article. Based on a number of sociological surveys national-specific features of the cultural capital are marked, which can encourage the country's social and economic development: bonding social capital, propensity for taking executive positions (not ordinary), mobility and adaptability (characteristic for nomad cultures), high value of education. The analysis shows the resources of the productive use of these socio-cultural features.

On the Issue of Progressive or Proportional Taxation of Personal Incomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
D. G. Chernik
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Discrete Measures ◽  
Personal Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Taxation ◽  
Personal Incomes

The subject of the research is the procedure for personal income taxation. The purpose of the workwas to determine which personal taxation regime is more justified: progressive or proportional. The paperprovides the reasons for the transition from the progressive to the proportional tax. The risks and possibilities of transition to the progressive scale are analyzed. It is concluded that in order to achieve social justice and improve the welfare of the majority of peoplerather thana very small part of them, it is necessary to adopt a set of economic, fiscal and administrative measures aimed at solving a single task — ensuring the social and economic development of Russia. Discrete measures, such as the introduction of the progressive personal income tax will not lead to desired results. Moreover, the progressive tax cannot be introduced unlessit is ruled by law that large spendings of citizens must correspond to their incomes.

Features and tendencies of budgetary provision of Zaporizhzhya region development in the conditions of budget decentralization

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Iryna Storonyanska ◽  
Liliya Benovska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Regional Development Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to study trends and identify problems of budgetary provision of the development of Zaporizhzhia region in the context of budgetary decentralization reform. Methods of systematic and comparative analysis, graphical visualization, generalization and statistical methods were used for the study. The article examines the impact of decentralization reform on the financial provision of social and economic development of administrative and territorial units of Zaporizhzhia region. The comparative analysis of the budgetary provision of the development of Zaporizhzhya region and other regions of the Central region is conducted. The article describes the trends and problems of Zaporizhzhya region development. The following positive trends were revealed: increase of revenues to local budgets of the region; reduction of transfer dependence of the region on the state budget; formation of high-taxation CTCs. The negative tendencies of development were: increase of differentiation of financial provision of the development of the regional center and other administrative and territorial units, reduction of the growth rate of revenues to the development budget of Zaporizhzhia region. Attention is drawn to the fact that under the conditions of decentralization reform and administrative and territorial reform, consolidated territorial communities are actively being formed in the Zaporizhzhya region, most of them with high financial capacity, which testifies to the high potential of regional development. The article analyzes the regional target programs of Zaporizhzhia region and clarifies the possibilities of their integration with the Action Plans for implementation of the Regional Development Strategies. The dominance of the social component over the development of regional target programs and low level of implementation of a number of programs are emphasized.

Assessment of soil fertility augmenting potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm and their performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Rashmi Yadav ◽  
M.K. Meena ◽  
Y.J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Unique Ability

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) maintain third place with respect to area and production among legume. Its unique ability to excel under all most all type of climatic conditions, it is one of the best performing crops under changing climate scenario. Its soil fertility augmenting potential and their performance was evaluated for two years with 73 accessions collected from Bihar. This study provides glimpses of scope and magnitude of soil fertility improving potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

scholarly journals Building and Rebuilding Buddhist Monasteries in Tang China: The Reconstruction of the Kaiyuan Monastery in Sizhou

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Anna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Bai Juyi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Its Regions

This article explores regional Buddhist monasteries in Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) China, including their arrangement, functions, and sources for their study. Specifically, as a case study, it considers the reconstruction of the Kaiyuan monastery 開元寺 in Sizhou 泗州 (present-day Jiangsu Province) with reference to the works of three prominent state officials and scholars: Bai Juyi 白居易 (772–846), Li Ao 李翱 (772–841), and Han Yu 韓愈 (768–824). The writings of these literati allow us to trace the various phases of the monastery’s reconstruction, fundraising activities, and the network of individuals who participated in the project. We learn that the rebuilt multi-compound complex not only provided living areas for masses of pilgrims, traders, and workers but also functioned as a barrier that protected the populations of Sizhou and neighboring prefectures from flooding. Moreover, when viewed from a broader perspective, the renovation of the Kaiyuan monastery demonstrates that Buddhist construction projects played a pivotal role in the social and economic development of Tang China’s major metropolises as well as its regions.

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