scholarly journals Jingui Shenqi Pills Prevents and Treats Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via Regulating the BMP/Smad Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Ke Ma ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Xu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Operation Group

Abstract Background: Jingui Shenqi （JGSQ for short）pills is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has the functions of warming and tonifying kidney-yang, generating essence and filling marrow, warming tendons and veins and bones, and improving bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of JGSQ pills in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods : Twelve-week-old SPF female SD rats (n=48) were used in this study. Following the ovariectomy operation (n=40), the rats were randomly divided into the model group, (high, medium, and low dose groups) treated with Jingui Shenqi pills and estradiol group. Recorded the weight gain of rats and calculated the uterine coefficient; To detect the expression of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and OPG; HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of femur; In all the groups, Micro-CT was used for detection of bone mineral density and bone microstructure; and gene expression of BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 in rat bone tissue was determined by RT-PCR and Western Blot methods.Results: Compared with the sham operation group, rats in the model group had the highest increase in body weight and the lowest uterine coefficient. Each of the treatment groups had a modest increase in weight gain. Micro-CT and HE staining showed a decrease in bone mineral density in the model group with shorter, thinner, broken, and osteoporotic trabeculae of the femur. The bone mineral density in Jingui Shenqi pills treatment groups had a significant increase with an improved bone microstructure and intact bone trabecular as compared to the model group. Serum ALP in the model group was significantly higher than in the sham operation group but the serum calcium, phosphorus and OPG was significantly lower. The Jingui Shenqi pills treatment groups and the estradiol treated group had lower serum ALP and increased serum calcium, phosphorus and OPG.There was decreased gene expression of BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 in the bone tissue of the model group compared to the sham operation group. BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2 gene expression in Jingui Shenqi pills treated group and estradiol treated group was significantly higher than that of the model group.Conclusion: Jingui Shenqi pills improve the microstructure of bone tissue and increase bone mineral density thus resolving osteoporosis. This is achieved by regulating BMP/Smad signaling pathway and increasing the expression of osteogenic factors BMP-2, Smad1, and Runx2.

scholarly journals The Protecting Effects and Mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide on Heart Injury in Rats with SAP

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiping ◽  
Tian Hua ◽  
Chen Hanqing ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Wang Zhiwei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Operation Group

Purpose.To observe the protecting effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide on heart injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods.The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model group, Baicalin-treated group, Octreotide treated group, and sham operation group. The contents of some inflammatory indexes in blood were determined. The rat mortality, pathological changes of heart, the changes ofNF-κB, P-Selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein expression levels as well as apoptotic index were observed in all groups, respectively, at 3 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after operation.Results.The survival rate of model group was less than treated groups at 12 hours, difference was significant. The contents of some inflammatory indexes of the treated groups were lower than those of the model group to various degrees at different time points. The pathological myocardial changes under light microscope were milder in treated groups than in model group. The changes ofNF-κB, P-Selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein expression levels in all groups were different. There was only a case of myocardial cell apoptosis in an Octreotide-treated group at 6 hours.Conclusion.Baicalin and Octreotide have protecting effects on heart injury of rats with SAP.

scholarly journals Protecting Effects of Dexamethasone on Thymus of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiping ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Lin Miao ◽  
Tian Hua
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Operation Group

Purpose. To study the protecting effects of dexamethasone on thymus of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods. The SAP rats were randomly assigned to the model group and dexamethasone-treated group, the other normal healthy rats were assigned to the sham operation group. The rat survival, thymus pathological changes, apoptotic index, as well as expression levels of NF-κB, P-selectin, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein of all groups were observed, respectively, at 3 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours. The contents of amylase and endotoxin in plasma as well as the contents of TNF-α,PLA2, and NO in serum were determined.Results. There was no marked difference between the model group and treated group in survival. The contents of different indexes in blood of treated group were lower than those of the model group to various degrees at different time points. The thymus pathological score was lower in treated group than in model group at 12 hours.The treated group in Caspase-3 protein expression of thymus significantly exceeded the model group at 12 hours. The apoptotic index was significantly higher in treated group than in model group.Conclusion. Dexamethasone has protecting effects on thymus of SAP rats.

scholarly journals P707 Anti-TNFα therapy has no effect on bone mineral density in younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A single-centre observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S572-S572
Author(s):  
R Filip ◽  
S Jarmakiewicz - Czaja ◽  
D Piątek ◽  
J Sztembis ◽  
A Pękala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
T Score ◽  
Active Inflammation

Abstract Background Active inflammation negatively affects bone mineral density. Biological treatment, among others silences the excessive reaction of the immune system, which can also reduce the risk of osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to determine whether bone mineral density is higher in patients with biological therapy. Methods In total, 112 patients over 18 years of age with CD (Crohn’s Disease) or UC (Ulcerative colitis) were included in the study. The mean value age was 35 years. Patients who had received anti-TNFα therapy (biosimilar infliximab CT-P13 or adalimumab), and who underwent densitometric evaluation after two year treatment, were selected. Those who had never received anti-TNFα therapy were selected as controls. Information regarding age, sex, weight, duration of CD, use of glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates, and signs of disease activity at the time of densitometric measurement were collected. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) within femoral neck and lumbar spine. Results are reported as g/cm2 and presented either as Z-score or as a T-score. Results The study group has characterised a mean value BMI (Body Mass Index)—24. The group of patients with anti-TNFαα therapy showed an average T-score left femur −0.7744 (CD) and −0.4382 (UC), but without anti-TNFα therapy −0.6636 (CD) and −0.2208 (UC). The entire study group showed a mean value t-score left femur of −0.54286. There were no significant statistical differences between the examined groups and the effect of anti-TNFα therapy on BMI, T-score left femur, T-score L2–L4 Conclusion The results of the preliminary study assessing the effect of anti-TNFα therapy on bone mineral density among the two treatment groups (CD and UC) do not indicate significant differences after the introduction of such therapy

scholarly journals Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone loss, bone mineral density and osteoclast number in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis rats, and the likely michanism of action

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Maoxiu Peng ◽  
Gangyl Jiang ◽  
Shaoqi He ◽  
Chengxuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Alendronate Sodium ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Osteoclast Number

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone loss, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclast number in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats, and the mechanism of action involved.Methods: Sixty female Wistar rats were assigned to control, model group, ginsenoside Rg3, and alendronate sodium groups, comprised of 15 rats per group. The osteoporosis rat model was established via intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. Changes in bone mineral content (BMC), BMD trabecular thickness and area, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in femurs and lumbar vertebrae were measured after 3 months of treatment.Results: There were significantly higher BMC and BMD levels in ginsenoside Rg3 group than in alendronate rats (p < 0.05). The thickness and  trabecular area in femur and lumbar vertebrae in the ginsenoside Rg3 group were significantly higher than those in the model group (p < 0.05), but were comparable with those in the alendronate sodium group (p > 0.05). There were marked increases in osteoblasts, and marked decreases in osteoclasts in the ginsenoside Rg3 group, alendronate sodium and control rats, relative to model rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 arrests bone loss, and enhances bone density, trabecular thickness and area, bone microstructure, osteoblast activity and population of osteoclasts number in glucocorticoidinduced osteoporotic rats. This provides a new research direction for the clinical treatment ofosteoporosis. Keywords: Ginseng soap, Rg3, Glucocorticoid, Osteoporosis, Bone loss, Bone mineral density, Osteoclast population

scholarly journals Nutrients in the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Alicja Ewa Ratajczak ◽  
Anna Maria Rychter ◽  
Agnieszka Zawada ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrowolska ◽  
Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The chronic character of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, results in various complications. One of them is osteoporosis, manifested by low bone mineral density, which leads to an increased risk of fractures. The aetiology of low bone mineral density is multifactorial and includes both diet and nutritional status. Calcium and vitamin D are the most often discussed nutrients with regard to bone mineral density. Moreover, vitamins A, K, C, B12; folic acid; calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; sodium; zinc; copper; and selenium are also involved in the formation of bone mass. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases frequently consume inadequate amounts of the aforementioned minerals and vitamins or their absorption is disturbed, resulting innutritional deficiency and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Thus, nutritional guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease patients should comprise information concerning the prevention of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Girls with Turner Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4302-4305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mim Ari ◽  
Vladimir K. Bakalov ◽  
Suvimol Hill ◽  
Carolyn A. Bondy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Gh Treatment

Abstract Background: Many girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are treated with GH to increase adult height. In addition to promoting longitudinal bone growth, GH has effects on bone and body composition. Objective: The objective was to determine how GH treatment affects bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in girls with TS. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we compared measures of body composition and BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and phalangeal cortical thickness by hand radiography in 28 girls with TS who had never received GH and 39 girls who were treated with GH for at least 1 yr. All girls were participants in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Research Center (CRC) protocol between 2001 and 2006. Results: The two groups were similar in age (12.3 yr, sd 2.9), bone age (11.5 yr, sd 2.6), and weight (42.8 kg, sd 16.6); but the GH-treated group was taller (134 vs. 137 cm, P = 0.001). The average duration of GH treatment was 4.2 (sd 3.2) yr (range 1–14 yr). After adjustment for size and bone age, there were no significant differences in BMD at L1–L4, 1/3 radius or cortical bone thickness measured at the second metacarpal. However, lean body mass percent was higher (P &lt; 0.001), whereas body fat percent was lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the GH-treated group. These effects were independent of estrogen exposure and were still apparent in girls that had finished GH treatment at least 1 yr previously. Conclusions: Although GH treatment has little effect on cortical or trabecular BMD in girls with TS, it is associated with increased lean body mass and reduced adiposity.

Hormone replacement therapy increases isometric muscle strength of adductor pollicis in post-menopausal women

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. SKELTON ◽  
S. K. PHILLIPS ◽  
S. A. BRUCE ◽  
C. H. NAYLOR ◽  
R. C. WOLEDGE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Menopausal

A randomized open trial of hormone replacement therapy was used to assess changes in adductor pollicis muscle strength during 6–12 months of treatment with Prempak C 0.625® in comparison with an untreated control group. Muscle strength (maximal voluntary force; MVF), muscle cross-sectional area and bone mineral density were measured. Women entering the trial had oestrogen levels below 150 pmolċl-1, confirming their post-menopausal hormonal status. In the treated group, MVF increased by 12.4±1.0% (mean±S.E.M.) of initial MVF over the duration of treatment, while it declined slightly (2.9±0.9%) in the control group. This increase in strength could not be explained by an increase in muscle bulk, there being no significant increase in cross-sectional area during the study. Those subjects who were weakest at enrolment showed the greatest increases in muscle strength after treatment. Bone mineral density in total hip, Ward's triangle and total spine increased in the treated group, in agreement with previous studies. There was no correlation between the individual increases in bone mineral density and those in MVF.

scholarly journals Effects of Bisphosphonate Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955142097240
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ronsley ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mehima Kang ◽  
Helen Nadel ◽  
Christopher Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bisphosphonate Therapy ◽  
Mineral Density

The objective of this study was to estimate the comparative effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with corticosteroid-treated Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A retrospective, comparative effectiveness study evaluating changes in BMD and fragility fractures in patients with DMD presenting to British Columbia Children’s Hospital from 1989 to 2017 was conducted. Marginal structural generalized estimating equation models weighted by stabilized inverse-probability of treatment weights were used to estimate the comparative effectiveness of therapy on BMD. Of those treated with bisphosphonates (N = 38), 7 (18.4%), 17 (44.7%), and 14 (36.8%) cases were treated with pamidronate, zoledronic acid, or a combination of both, respectively, while 36 cases of DMD were untreated. Mean age of bisphosphonate initiation was 9.2 (SD 2.7) years. Mean fragility fractures declined from 3.5 to 1.0 following bisphosphonate therapy. Compared to the treated group, the untreated group had an additional 0.63-SD decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.18, −0.08, P = .026) in total BMD and an additional 1.04-SD decrease (95% CI: −1.74, −0.34; P = .004) in the left hip BMD, but the change in lumbar spine BMD (0.15, 95% CI: −0.36, 0.66; P = .57) was not significant. Bisphosphonate therapy may slow the decline in BMD in boys with corticosteroid-treated DMD compared to untreated counterparts. Total number of fragility fractures decreased following bisphosphonate therapy.

scholarly journals The effect of lithium chloride on the motor function of spinal cord injury–controlled rat and the relevant mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921985285
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Yimin Liang ◽  
Fanghu Chen ◽  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
Guoming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Nissl Staining ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Operation Group

The objective of this study is to discuss the effect and mechanism of lithium chloride on the rehabilitation of locomotion post spinal cord injury (SCI) by observing the effect of lithium chloride on the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway. In total, 36 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (n = 12), model group (n = 12), and lithium chloride group (n = 12). The sham operation group underwent laminectomy, while for the model group and the lithium chloride group with the NYU spinal cord impactor the SCI model was established. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate locomotion after administration for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and the tissues were gathered for Nissl staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. With a statistical difference ( P < 0.05) on the 3rd day and significant difference ( P < 0.01) on the 5th day post administration, a higher BBB score was observed in the lithium chloride group indicating that lithium chloride improved the locomotion function after SCI. A better structure and morphology of neuron were observed by Nissl staining in the lithium chloride group. Lithium chloride promoted BDNF secretion from neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn with a significant difference compared to the model group ( P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, lithium chloride significantly promoted the expression of BDNF protein and phosphorylated TrkB protein ( P < 0.05), but no difference in the expression of TrkB was detected. Lithium chloride can alleviate the locomotion function after SCI with a mechanism that it can promote BDNF secretion from neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn and phosphorylation of TrkB to upregulate the BDNF/TrkB pathway supporting survival of neurons and regeneration and remyelination of axons.

scholarly journals Luhong Formula Has a Cardioprotective Effect on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Hui-Yan Qu ◽  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Jing-Feng Rong ◽  
Tian-Shu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Enos Expression ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group

Background. Luhong formula (LHF)—a traditional Chinese medicine containing Cervus nippon Temminck, Carthamus tinctorius L., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Cinnamomum cassia Presl, and Lepidium apetalum Willd—is used in the treatment of heart failure, but little is known about its mechanism of action. We have investigated the effects of LHF on antifibrosis. Methods. Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 8), model group, sham-operation group, perindopril group (0.036 mg/ml), LHF high doses (LHF-H, 1.44 g/mL), LHF middle doses (LHF-M, 0.72 g/mL), and LHF low doses (LHF-L, 0.36 g/mL). Except the sham-operation group, the other groups were received an abdominal aorta constriction to establish a model of myocardial hypertrophy. The HW and LVW were measured to calculate the LVW/BW and HW/BW. ELISA was used to detect the serum concentration of BNP. The expressions of eNOS, TGF-β1, caspase-3, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in heart tissues were assessed by western blot analysis. mRNA expressions of eNOS, Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β1, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in heart tissues were measured by RT-PCR. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and picrosirius red staining for observing the morphological characteristics and collagen fibers I and III of the myocardium under a light microscope. Results. LHF significantly lowered the rat’s HW/BW and LVM/BW, and the level of BNP in the LHF-treated group compared with the model group. Histopathological and pathomorphological changes of collagen fibers I and III showed that LHF inhibited myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats. Treatment with LHF upregulated eNOS expression in heart tissue and downregulated Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β1, caspase-3, VEGF, and VEGFR2 expression. Conclusion. LHF can improve left ventricular remodeling in a pressure-overloaded heart failure rat model; this cardiac protective ability may be due to cardiac fibrosis and attenuated apoptosis. Upregulated eNOS expression and downregulated Col1a1, Col3a1, TGF-β1, caspase-3, VEGF, and VEGFR2 expression may play a role in the observed LHF cardioprotective effect.

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