scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Variability and Agronomic Performance of Indian Lettuce (Lactuca Indica Linn.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bal Kumari Oliya ◽  
Moon Young Kim ◽  
Jungmin Ha ◽  
Suk Ha Lee
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Basal Branch ◽  
Medicinal Crop ◽  
Lactuca Indica ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Abstract Lactuca indica is a undomesticated medicinal crop in the Asteraceae family. Present study was carried out to identify elite genotype for cultivation and breeding improvement of lettuce. Data was recorded for 19 morphological and developmental traits across 38 accessions (Acc). In addition to this, the morphological cluster was compared with the simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker. The genotypic mean square variance was significant for all characters. The higher extent of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation obtained for basal branch, leaf blade width, and node number. The broad-sense heritability (H2B) ranged from 45.85% (seed length) to 98.59% (node number), whereas genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM%) ranged from 9.33 to 191. Vegetative characters such as node number, plant hight, basal branch were conjugated with high H2B and high GAM% indicating additive gene effect and selection of these traits based on phenotypic observation is effective for better gain. Reproductive traits, including bolting duration, flowering duration, and seed weight were linked with high H2B, and moderate GAM% trevealing that these traits are amenable to genetic improvement, these traits also showed a significant positive correlation. Acc 55 and 8 showed the best performance for the majority of the attributes could be good material for further research and breeding. In the Wards’ phylogenetic tree of morphological traits, accessions were clustered based on their phenotypic characters rather than the geographic origin. Morphological characteristics showed no or very week corelation with the SSR genotyped data.

Linking plant spatial aggregation with reproductive traits and near-source seed dispersal: ecological adaptation to heavy grazing

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Wenting Liu ◽  
Shixian Sun ◽  
Chunping Zhang ◽  
Shijie Lv ◽  
Quanmin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Reproductive Individual

Abstract Aims Ecological strategies related to the adaptation of plants to environmental stress have long been studied by ecologists, but few studies have systematically revealed the ecological process of plant adaptation to herbivores as a whole. Methods In this study, Stipa breviflora, the dominant species in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, was used to analyse its reproductive individual characteristics and seed traits as well as the soil seed bank and spatial patterns under heavy-grazing and no-grazing treatments. Important Findings The results showed that the number of reproductive branches positively affected the number of vegetative branches. The analysis of the soil seed bank showed that the density of S. breviflora seeds beneath reproductive S. breviflora individuals was significantly higher than that in bare land. The seed density was also significantly negatively correlated with the seed characteristics and the soil seed bank in bare land. The spatial distribution of S. breviflora was aggregated under heavy grazing. Our results suggest that under heavy grazing, reproductive activity plays a key role in resource allocation. Stipa breviflora evolved the ecological strategy of nearby diffusion by regulating the morphological characteristics of the seeds, which promotes a positive spatial correlation between the juvenile and adult populations at a small scale, thus leading to the formation of ‘safe islands’.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COFFEE (Coffea arabica L.) LANDRACES AT SEEDLING STAGE COLLECTED FROM GUJI ZONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 09-18
Author(s):  
I. D. Alemu ◽  
D. S. Boke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The present study was aimed to determine genetic diversity of Coffea arabica landraces based on morphological characteristics at seedling stage in Guji zones. Three kebeles and twenty-five farmers’ coffee landraces were selected based on availability of Coffea arabica landraces from each district by the guidance of Developmental Agency in the kebele. Coffea arabica seeds were collected and planted at kercha nursery sub-site in plastic pots arranged on randomized block design. Seedling characteristics were collected from one year old randomly selected four coffee seedlings from each plot. The results showed that there were significant variations (p<0.05) between and within Coffea arabica landraces of the district. The seedling height of Coffea arabica collected from Didiba local was highest (11.25) followed by Sorile local (11.17) whereas Ebala local was the least. Coffea arabica from Diqisa local (5.25) was the highest for leaf height followed by Didiba local (5.13), Harobora (5.00) and Wacufora local (5.00). Similarly, Wacufora local (2.05) and Didiba local (2.53) were the highest in leaf width. The Coffea arabica landrace of Qaqali local (6.25) and Harobora local (5.75) were the highest in number of paired leaves. Correlation between the characteristics of coffee seedling showed that seedling height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.62**), number of paired leaves (0.58**), node number (0.57**) and leaf area (0.64**). Similarly, leaf height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.72**) and leaf area (0.77**). Generally, the increase of leaf height increases the leaf width and leaf area. Existence of morphological variation of Coffea arabica at seedling stage was used to determine Coffea arabica diversity in this study area. Therefore, Coffea arabica landraces having high seedling height, leaf height, number of paired leaves and leaf area should get attention during selection for plantation. Additionally, farmers, conservationists and other concerned bodies should take action to conserve and keep the gene pool of these coffees. As a result, it opens the door for biotechnologists to characterize coffee at molecular level and breeder scan take action on it to release superior coffee varieties.

Morphological characteristics basis of resistance in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) for bud fly (Dasyneura lini Barnes) in Central Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
Rishi Pal ◽  
Y. P. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Germplasm Line

A field experiment conducted for screened 288 elite gen pool of linseed against bud fly infestation at Kanpur, India during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. The flowering duration showed significant positive relationship (r=0.9278 and 0.9368) with bud infestation. The maximum flowering duration 32.80 and 31.44 days was recorded on variety A-44 with highest bud infestation of 62.29 and 69.99 percent during respective years against variety C-C-1-2 which had a shortest flowering duration of 8.80 and 12.94 days with the minimum 16.38 and 14.30 percent bud fly infestation. The sepal thickness negative highly significant relationship (r=--0.7224) with bud infestation. The resistant germplasm line maximum sepal thickness (0.49 mm) had relative minimum bud infestation (6.88%) while minimum sepal thickness (0.24 mm) with maximum bud infestation(65.11%), plant height, flower colour did not show significance in bud fly resistance, whereas, flowering duration bud as well as sepal thickness showed significant impact.

Supplementary data of Henneguya leporinicola (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) a parasite of Leporinus macrocephalus from fish farms in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassia Roberta Hygino Capodifoglio ◽  
Edson Aparecido Adriano ◽  
Marcia Ramos Monteiro da Silva ◽  
Antônio Augusto Mendes Maia
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Basal Branch ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

AbstractHenneguya leporinicola is a parasite of the gill filament of Leporinus macrocephalus, a characiform fish belonging to the Anostomidae family, which is of major economic importance. Despite the damage it causes in fish, little is known about this parasite. Therefore, a study was undertaken with fourteen specimens of L. macrocephalus taken from fish farms in the state of Sao Paulo. The fish were collected and examined searching for lesions and/or myxosporean plasmodia. One of the specimens (7.14%) contained white elongated plasmodia in the gill filament. The mature spores had elongated bodies with polar capsules of equal size and a caudal length greater than body length. Morphological characteristics identified the parasite as H. leporinicola. Molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA sequence resulted in a 1954 bp, demonstrating significant genetic differences with previously described species of Henneguya/Myxobolus. Phylogenetic analysis comparing the 18S rDNA sequence of H. leporinicola with other species, previously described in South America, and the 20 closest species as indicated by BLASTn Max Score showed H. leporinicola as a basal branch of a subclade composed by Henneguya spp. parasite of characiform hosts.

Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of Antarctic lichen-forming Usnea species in the group Neuropogon

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian A. Seymour ◽  
Peter D. Crittenden ◽  
Nora Wirtz ◽  
Dag O. Øvstedal ◽  
Paul S. Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Principal Species

Usnea species of the Neuropogon group are amongst the most widespread and abundant macrolichens in Antarctic regions. Four principal species, U. antarctica, U. aurantiaco-atra, U. sphacelata and U. subantarctica, have been described on morphological grounds. However, identification to species level is often difficult and atypical morphologies frequently arise. Over 400 specimens were collected on the Antarctic Peninsula and Falkland Islands. Both morphological and molecular characters (ITS and RPB1) were used to compare samples to clarify taxonomic relationships. Morphological characteristics used included presence of apothecia, apothecial rays, soredia, papillae, fibrils, pigmentation and the diameter of the central axis as a proportion of branch diameter. Results revealed a very close relationship between U. antarctica and U. aurantiaco-atra, suggesting that they might constitute a species pair or be conspecific. Usnea sphacelata was comprised of at least two genetically distinct groups with no clear differences in morphology. One group included the first reported fertile specimen of this species. Usnea subantarctica was phylogenetically distinct from the other main Antarctic Usnea species, but clustered with U. trachycarpa. Genetic variation was evident within all species although there was no clear correlation between geographic origin and genetic relatedness. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that species circumscription in the Neuropogon group needs revision, with the principal species being non-monophyletic. None of the morphological characters, or groups of characters, used in this study proved to be completely unambiguous markers for a single species. However, axis thickness was supported as being informative for the identification of monophyletic lineages within the group.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Fusarium spp. Isolated from Canola in Alberta, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyan Chen ◽  
Qixing Zhou ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Canola (Brassica napus) is one of the most economically important oilseed crops in Canada. Fusarium seedling blight is a root disease with the potential to cause severe yield reductions in canola. Fusarium spp. are commonly isolated root pathogens from fields in Alberta. Fusarium infection can also cause root rot in adult plants. In this study, 128 isolates identified as Fusarium spp. were recovered from field soils in central Alberta and from the roots of diseased canola plants with typical Fusarium seedling blight symptoms. Six species of Fusarium were identified, with Fusarium acuminatum as the predominant species (57 of 128 isolates, 44.5%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-α and the internal transcribed spacer sequence data were used for evaluation of genetic variations, and also used for Fusarium spp. identification in combination with morphological characteristics and polymerase chain reaction-based analyses. Based on disease ratings in pathogenicity tests, six isolates of F. avenaceum showed high aggressiveness on canola. Also, the aggressiveness varied within all Fusarium spp. No correlation was observed between aggressiveness and the geographic origin of the isolates.

scholarly journals New Aspects of Neotropical Polycystic (Echinococcus vogeli) and Unicystic (Echinococcus oligarthrus) Echinococcosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio D'Alessandro ◽  
Robert L. Rausch
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Characteristic Type

SUMMARY Of the four species of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda) distinguished by biological and morphological characteristics, two species, E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus, occur widely in the Neotropics. Approximately 200 cases of polycystic echinococcosis (PE) have been recorded from 12 countries in South America. Following early proliferation of E. vogeli in the human host, typically in the liver, the metacestode usually spreads in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, and numerous organs may be invaded. The clinical characteristics of PE in 81 patients with sufficient information are reviewed. Type I disease consists of polycysts in the liver and abdominal cavity (37% of the patients had this characteristic); type II is similar to type I but also includes hepatic insufficiency (26%); type III consists of cysts in liver and chest (14%); type IV consists of cysts only in the mesenteries (16%); and type V consists of cysts calcified in liver and lung (4%). The percentage of patients with polycysts in the liver was 81%, and the percentage of patients with polycysts in the chest was 14%. PE is most ready diagnosed by geographic origin of the patient and by means of ultrasound or computerized tomography scanning showing cysts and calcifications. The highest mortality was for patients with type II disease, due to hepatic failure and its complications. There were five patients who died due to surgical accidents, whereas 35 cases had uncomplicated surgery. Twenty-three patients died of PE, making the total mortality 29% (23 of 78 cases). None of the 13 patients treated only with albendazole, the most efficacious treatment, was completely cured. PE represents a severe medical problem in South America. A reevaluation of the characteristics of the metacestode of E. oligarthrus indicated that it is unicystic. Only three human cases are known (two with infection in the orbit and one with infection in the heart). The metacestode of E. oligarthrus, in contrast with that of E. vogeli, consists of a spherical, fluid-filled vesicle that enlarges concentrically and is not known to undergo exogenous proliferation.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Within and Among Populations of Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) Based on Molecular Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna GYORGY ◽  
Maria SZABO ◽  
Dmitry BACHAROV ◽  
Andrzej PEDRYC
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Cool Climate

Rhodiola rosea L. is a perennial adaptogenic medicinal plant found in cool climate of the northern hemisphere. The species is very diverse both in terms of morphological characteristics and in the content of the pharmacologically active substances. The genetic diversity of four geographically distant roseroot populations was studied with ISSR and SSR markers. Using 7 ISSR primers 64 DNA fragments were generated and 85,94% of those were found to be polymorphic, indicating high genetic variability at the species level (gene diversity = 0.33, Shannon index = 0.48). Lower level of diversity was detected at the population level (Shannon-index ranged from 0.2173 to 0.2696). Only four out of the eight SSR markers used were informative during this study. The primer pairs for these four SSR markers produced 25 fragments with an average of 6.25 putative alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.4 to 1.0, whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.47 to 0.84. Cluster analysis based on both markers revealed the same groups, individuals clustered according to their geographic origin. The Southern-Uralian population was the most genetically isolated. ITS analysis was used for the determination whether these Southern-Uralian individuals belong to the same species.

scholarly journals Morphological variation of lactuca serriola l. achenes as a function of their geographic origin

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Křístková ◽  
Aleš Lebeda ◽  
Alžběta Novotná ◽  
Ivana Doležalová ◽  
Tomáš Berka
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Sufficient Variation ◽  
Beak Length

Abstract The morphological characteristics of achenes of Lactuca serriola represented by 34 local populations from Slovenia and 12 local populations from Sweden were studied in relation to their eco-geographical conditions. In total, eight quantitative morphological characters were evaluated: length and width of achene body; index length/width of achene body; number of ribs on achene body; length of beak; length of pappus bristles; pappus area and discus diameter. NestedANOVAanalysis indicated significant differences in length and width of achene body, length of pappus bristles, and pappus area between Slovenian and Swedish populations. Achenes from Slovenia were longer, wider and possessed longer pappus bristles than achenes from Sweden. Among geographical factors, latitude had the greatest impact on the morphological characters evaluated. Significant differences in seven parameters were also found between populations within countries and between samples within populations. It is probable that this variation has a genetic basis with sufficient variation within populations to permit continued selection.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of sweet potato cultivars during growth, development and harvesting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Reddy ◽  
H. Soibam ◽  
V. S. Ayam ◽  
P. Panja ◽  
S. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Vegetative Characters

A study on the morphological characteristics of fifteen sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivars, cultivated at the field of All India Coordinated Research Project on Tuber Crops, BCKV, Horticulture Research Station, Mandouri was carried out during growth, development, and harvesting stages. The physical parameters such as length (main vine), the number of shoots and leaves per plant during growth and development; tuber characters (skin and flesh colours, shape, weight, length, girth, number and yield per plant) after harvesting were recorded following standard description after 120 days growth period. The cultivars show their per plant tuber yield positively correlated to a number of vegetative characters and more significantly to the tuber weight, tuber girth and number of leaves per plant. The yield of the tuber per plant can also be obtained using the formula, Yield per plant = (Tuber girth* 6.15) + (No. of Leaves per plant*6.02) + (Tuber girth* -88.24) - 65.77.

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